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Test: Effective & Neutral Stress - Civil Engineering (CE) MCQ


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10 Questions MCQ Test - Test: Effective & Neutral Stress

Test: Effective & Neutral Stress for Civil Engineering (CE) 2024 is part of Civil Engineering (CE) preparation. The Test: Effective & Neutral Stress questions and answers have been prepared according to the Civil Engineering (CE) exam syllabus.The Test: Effective & Neutral Stress MCQs are made for Civil Engineering (CE) 2024 Exam. Find important definitions, questions, notes, meanings, examples, exercises, MCQs and online tests for Test: Effective & Neutral Stress below.
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Test: Effective & Neutral Stress - Question 1

What is the value of effective stress if the neutral pressure is X and the value of total stress is Y?

Detailed Solution for Test: Effective & Neutral Stress - Question 1

Effective stress:

  • Effective stress or intergranular stress is defined as the stress caused due to soil particles coming close to each other due to the distribution of the water.
  • Its function of shear strength effective stress is an abstract quantity, it cannot be measured directly in the laboratory.

Total stress (σ) = effective stress (σ’) + pore water pressure (u)
Effective stress = Total stress - pore water pressure 
Effective stress = Y - X

Test: Effective & Neutral Stress - Question 2

The water level in a lake is 5m above the bed, and the saturated unit weight of lake bed soil is 20kN/m3. The unit weight of water is 10 kN/m3. What is the effective vertical stress at 5m depth below the lake bed?

Detailed Solution for Test: Effective & Neutral Stress - Question 2

Calculation: 
Given: γsat = 20kN/m3, γw = 10 kN/m3
The total stresses, σ = γw h1 + γsat h2
pore water pressure u = γw (h+ h2)
effective stress σ̅  = σ - u  
σ̅  = γw h+ γsat h2w (h1+h2
σ̅  = γw h1 + γsat h2 - γw h1 - γwh2
σ̅  = γsat h2 - γwh2
σ̅  = 20 × 5 - 10 × 5
σ̅  = 50 kN/m2

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Test: Effective & Neutral Stress - Question 3

Directions : Select your answer to following question using the codes given below :
Codes :
Assertion A : When a saturated soil mass is subjected to related to the total stress.
Reason R : Total stress is equal to the sum of the effective stress and pore water pressure.

Detailed Solution for Test: Effective & Neutral Stress - Question 3

Total Stress:
Total stress at a layer present at a certain depth below ground level is the total weight of the soil present above that layer per unit surface area of the soil mass. Effective stress is the part of the total stress that is resisted by soil particles by grain-to-grain interaction
Total Stress = Effective Stress + Pore Water Pressure
Effective Stress = Total Stress – Pore Water Pressure

Effective Stress

  • Effective stress can be defined as the stress that keeps particles together.
  • In soil, it is the combined effect of pore water pressure and total stress that keeps it together.
  • It can also be defined in equation form as the total stress minus the pore pressure.

Pore water pressure

  • Pore water pressure refers to the pressure of groundwater held within a soil or rock, in gaps between particles.
  • Pore water pressures below the phreatic level of the groundwater are measured with piezometers.
  • The vertical pore water pressure distribution in aquifers can generally be assumed to be close to hydrostatic
Test: Effective & Neutral Stress - Question 4

Decrease in water content causes _______

Detailed Solution for Test: Effective & Neutral Stress - Question 4

Decrease in water content of soil results in decrease in the volume of the soil thus causing the shrinkage of the soil.

Test: Effective & Neutral Stress - Question 5

Arrange the following to explain the shrinkage of the soils.
I. Compression in soil
II. Formation of meniscus
III. Reduction in volume

Detailed Solution for Test: Effective & Neutral Stress - Question 5

When saturated soil is dried, a meniscus develops in the voids at the solid surface. Formation of meniscus leads to tension in the soil water that leads to the compression of the soil structure and consequent reduction in the volume.

Test: Effective & Neutral Stress - Question 6

The degree of shrinkage does not depend upon _________

Detailed Solution for Test: Effective & Neutral Stress - Question 6

Cation exchange capacity is factor influencing the swelling of soil. The degree of shrinkage depends upon type and amount of clay minerals, mode and environment of deposition.

Test: Effective & Neutral Stress - Question 7

Free swell ceases when the water content reaches ________

Detailed Solution for Test: Effective & Neutral Stress - Question 7

Free swell of a soil is the increase in the volume of soil without any constrains on submergence in water and it ceases when the water content reaches the plastic limit.

Test: Effective & Neutral Stress - Question 8

Slaking is due to the ______ into the drying of the soil below the shrinkage limit.

Detailed Solution for Test: Effective & Neutral Stress - Question 8

When the water enters the voids (containing air during drying process), due to immersion, menisci is formed, causing high pressures and subsequent explosion of the voids leading to the disintegration soil structure.

Test: Effective & Neutral Stress - Question 9

Contact pressure for flexible footing on any type of soil is:-

Detailed Solution for Test: Effective & Neutral Stress - Question 9

Concept:
For rigid footing:

When a rigid footing rests on a soil then the settlement will be uniform, but the contact pressure will be variable, which depends upon the type of soil underneath it.
For different soil the variation will be:

For flexible footing:
In case of flexible footing contact pressure will be uniform for all type of soil but the settlement will be variable.

Test: Effective & Neutral Stress - Question 10

What is the effective stress at a depth of 10 m below the ground level, when water table is 3 m below ground level, saturated density is 20 kN/m3 and bulk density is 18 kN/m3?

Detailed Solution for Test: Effective & Neutral Stress - Question 10

Given:
γw = 10 kN/m3, γsat = 20 kN/m3, γb = 18 kN/m3 

Effective stress at a depth of 10 m below the ground level:
γeff = γb × 3 + γsub × 7
γeff = 18 × 3 + (20 - 10) × 7
γeff = 124 kN/m3

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