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Test: Earthwork Estimation - Civil Engineering (CE) MCQ


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10 Questions MCQ Test - Test: Earthwork Estimation

Test: Earthwork Estimation for Civil Engineering (CE) 2024 is part of Civil Engineering (CE) preparation. The Test: Earthwork Estimation questions and answers have been prepared according to the Civil Engineering (CE) exam syllabus.The Test: Earthwork Estimation MCQs are made for Civil Engineering (CE) 2024 Exam. Find important definitions, questions, notes, meanings, examples, exercises, MCQs and online tests for Test: Earthwork Estimation below.
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Test: Earthwork Estimation - Question 1

_________ is the application of controlled amounts of water to plants at needed intervals.

Detailed Solution for Test: Earthwork Estimation - Question 1

Irrigation helps grow agricultural crops, maintain landscapes, and revegetate disturbed soils in dry areas and during periods of inadequate rainfall. Irrigation also has other uses in crop production, including frost protection, suppressing weed growth in grain fields and preventing soil. In contrast, agriculture that relies only on direct rainfall is referred to as rain-fed or dry land farming.

Test: Earthwork Estimation - Question 2

The estimated earthwork by the center line method for total center length = 40.10 m, breadth = 1.10 m and depth = 1 m is:

Detailed Solution for Test: Earthwork Estimation - Question 2

Volume of Sloped earthwork (V) = (bdm + sdm2) × L   
Where, B   = Width, dm  = Mean depth and S = Side slope of the cross-section
Calculation:-
Volume of earthwork = 40.10 × 1.10 × 1 = 44.11 cum

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Test: Earthwork Estimation - Question 3

Name the type of irrigation, which is the oldest form of irrigation and has been in use for thousands of years.

Detailed Solution for Test: Earthwork Estimation - Question 3

In surface (furrow, flood, or level basin) irrigation systems, water moves across the surface of an agricultural lands, in an order to wet it and infiltrate into the soil. Surface irrigation can be subdivided into furrow, borderstrip or basin irrigation. It is often called flood irrigation when the irrigation results in flooding or near flooding of the cultivated land.

Test: Earthwork Estimation - Question 4

For calculation of earth work, the free lift allowed is

Detailed Solution for Test: Earthwork Estimation - Question 4

'Lift' is the vertical distance calculated from the ground level up to which the labourers have to excavate the soil and remove it for the standard rate. 

  • It is the general practice or thumb rule to consider lift as 1.5 m.
  • In case of more depth, the lift will be more, and hence the rate of removing it will be more.

Additional Information

  • Lead: it is the horizontal distance up to which the excavated earth will be carried or transported on the ground from the source to the place of spreading.
  • The general lead considered is 50 m for a distance up to 500 m and shall be measured separately. It means that it is measured for a distance per 50 m.
  • If it exceeds further then a separate rate is applied.

A table for lead distance is provided for a better understanding

Test: Earthwork Estimation - Question 5

________ sometimes also called as localized irrigation, low volume irrigation, or trickle irrigation.

Detailed Solution for Test: Earthwork Estimation - Question 5

It is a system where water is distributed under low pressure through a piped network, in a pre-determined pattern, and applied as a small discharge to each plant or adjacent to it. Traditional drip irrigation using individual emitters, subsurface drip irrigation (SDI), micro-spray or micro-sprinkler irrigation, and mini-bubbler irrigation all belong to this category of irrigation methods.

Test: Earthwork Estimation - Question 6

Determine the approximate quantity of earthwork for a road in embankment having a length of 120 m on a uniform level ground. The width of formation is 10 m and side slopes are 3 ∶ 1. The heights of the bank at the ends are 1 m and 1.5 m, respectively. Use trapezoidal method considering average of areas at the two ends.

Detailed Solution for Test: Earthwork Estimation - Question 6

Volume of Sloped earthwork (V) = (bd + sd2) × L   
Where, B   = Width, d  = Depth and S = Side slope of the cross-section
Calculation:
Given,
slope = s: 1 = 3: 1
b = 10 m
L = 120 m
d1 = 1.5 m and d2 = 1 m
Volume of Sloped earthwork (V) = (bd + sd2) × L

The approximate quantity of earthwork = 2085 m3

Test: Earthwork Estimation - Question 7

Name the system, where water falls drop by drop just at the position of roots and water is delivered at or near the root zone of plants, drop by drop.

Detailed Solution for Test: Earthwork Estimation - Question 7

This method can be the most water-efficient method of irrigation, if managed properly, evaporation and runoff are minimized. The field water efficiency of drip irrigation is typically in the range of 80 to 90 percent when managed correctly.

Test: Earthwork Estimation - Question 8

What will be the amount of earthwork required to fill the plinth for a porch of 4.30 m long, 2 m wide and 0.5 m high?

Detailed Solution for Test: Earthwork Estimation - Question 8

The earthwork means the excavation of soil from the earth to be done in order to make the desired size of the beam. The amount of earthwork is measured in either square meter m2 or cubic meter or m3 units depending on the following conditions:

  • Earthwork is measured in m2 if surface excavation does not exceed 30 cm in depth but exceeds 1.5 m in width as well as 10 sqm.
  • In all other cases, it is measured in cum.

Calculation:
Given that for a plinth: Length = 4.3 m; Breadth = 2 m and Height = 0.5 m

  • Depth = 0.5 m i.e. exceeding 30 cm è  it can not be measured in sqm
  • Width = 2 m i.e. exceeding the 1.5 m
  • Plan area = 4.3 × 2 = 8.6 m2 not exceeding from 10 sqm → it cannot be measured in sqm

Based on the above, it can be concluded that earthwork is to be measured in m3 and it is determined as:
Earthwork = Length × Width × Height
Substituting these values above, we get
Earthwork = 4.3 × 2 × 0.5 = 4.3 m3

Test: Earthwork Estimation - Question 9

________ is the injection of fertilizers, soil amendments, and other water-soluble products into an irrigation system.

Detailed Solution for Test: Earthwork Estimation - Question 9

The two terms are sometimes used interchangeably however chemigation is generally a more controlled and regulated process due to the nature of the chemicals used. Chemigation often involves pesticides, herbicides, and fungicides, some of which pose health threat to humans, animals, and the environment.

Test: Earthwork Estimation - Question 10

Find the amount of earthwork from the mid-sectional area method, assuming there is no transverse slope, while the elevations at both the ends of the land with the same slope are 1 m and 1.6 m respectively, the width and length of the road is 10 m and 200 m respectively and the side slope is 2: 1.

Detailed Solution for Test: Earthwork Estimation - Question 10

Mid-Sectional Area Method

  • The mean depth is the average of depths of two consecutive sections
  • The area of mid-sections is calculated by using mean depth
  • The volume of the earthwork is calculated by multiplying the mid-section area by the distance between the two sections

The formula used for finding the amount of earthwork using the mid-sectional method is given by:
Q = A x L 
where,
Q = Volume of earthwork
A = Area of mid-section = BDm + SDm2 
B = Width of road
Dm = Depth at mid-section = 
S = Slope
L = Length of road
Hence, Q= (BDm + SDm2)L
Calculation:
Given data:
D1 = 1 m
D2 = 1.6 m
L = 200 m
B = 10 m
S = 2

Now, 
A = (10 x 1.3) + (2 x 1.32) = 16.38 m2
Now, 
V = 16.38 x 200 = 3276 m3

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