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Test: Gradients & Grade Compensation - Civil Engineering (CE) MCQ


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10 Questions MCQ Test - Test: Gradients & Grade Compensation

Test: Gradients & Grade Compensation for Civil Engineering (CE) 2024 is part of Civil Engineering (CE) preparation. The Test: Gradients & Grade Compensation questions and answers have been prepared according to the Civil Engineering (CE) exam syllabus.The Test: Gradients & Grade Compensation MCQs are made for Civil Engineering (CE) 2024 Exam. Find important definitions, questions, notes, meanings, examples, exercises, MCQs and online tests for Test: Gradients & Grade Compensation below.
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Test: Gradients & Grade Compensation - Question 1

What is a gradient in which track loses elevation in direction of movement of traffic called?

Detailed Solution for Test: Gradients & Grade Compensation - Question 1

Gradients are provided so that the rise or fall in the track’s path can be easily traversed. A down gradient also called as falling gradient is the one in which drop of elevation in the direction of movement is recorded.

Test: Gradients & Grade Compensation - Question 2

In a particular case, the design gradient is 1 in 25. If a horizontal curve of 100 m radius is to be introduced on this gradient, the compensated gradient on this curve is _________.

Detailed Solution for Test: Gradients & Grade Compensation - Question 2

IRC Recommendations for grade compensation:
IRC gave the following guidelines for grade compensations:-

  • Grade compensation is not required for grades flatter than 4% because the loss of tractive force is negligible.
  • Grade compensation is  where R – radius of horizontal curve in m.
  • The maximum grade compensation is limited to 75/R %

Calculation:
Given:
The gradient of the Curve = (1/25) x 100 = 4%

⇒ GC = 0.75%
∴ CompensatedGradient = ((1/25) ×100)−0.75 = 4−0.75 = 3.25%
But, Compensated Gradient (C.G) should be ≥ 4 %
Since the gradient of the curve is 4 %, no grade compensation is required. 
∴ C.G = 4%

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Test: Gradients & Grade Compensation - Question 3

What is the meaning of a gradient represented as 1 in 400?

Detailed Solution for Test: Gradients & Grade Compensation - Question 3

Gradient is represented as the distance travelled for a rise or fall of 1 unit distance. 1 in 400 means a rise of 1m is recorded after travelling 400m. 1 in 400 is also represented as 0.25%.

Test: Gradients & Grade Compensation - Question 4

What is the range for ruling gradient adopted by the Indian railways in hilly terrain?

Detailed Solution for Test: Gradients & Grade Compensation - Question 4

The ruling gradient adopted by the Indian railways in hilly terrain can be from 1 in 100 to 1 in 150. For plain terrain it can be from 1 in 150 to 1 in 250.

Test: Gradients & Grade Compensation - Question 5

Which of the following is correct about Momentum gradient?

Detailed Solution for Test: Gradients & Grade Compensation - Question 5

Momentum gradient is steeper than the Ruling gradient. When a train travels on a falling gradient it gains momentum and can travels on the rising gradient which might be steeper than the Ruling gradient.

Test: Gradients & Grade Compensation - Question 6

What is the reason of compensation of Gradient on curves?

Detailed Solution for Test: Gradients & Grade Compensation - Question 6

On curves the locomotive experiences extra resistance to its movement. Thus gradients on a curve should be flatter because more resistance can cause uncomfortable journey.

Test: Gradients & Grade Compensation - Question 7

Find the steepest gradient on a 3 degree curve for a BG line with ruling gradient of 1 in 200.

Detailed Solution for Test: Gradients & Grade Compensation - Question 7

Ruling gradient = 1 in 200 = 0.5%
Compensation = 0.04 x 3 = 0.12%
Compensated gradient = 0.5-0.12 = 0.38%
= 1 in 263.

Test: Gradients & Grade Compensation - Question 8

Which gradient determines the maximum load that can be hauled by a locomotive on that section?

Detailed Solution for Test: Gradients & Grade Compensation - Question 8

Ruling gradient is the steepest gradient that is present in the entire section. It determines the maximum load that can be carried by the section. The power of locomotive should also be considered while deciding this gradient.

Test: Gradients & Grade Compensation - Question 9

What is Pusher gradient also known as?

Detailed Solution for Test: Gradients & Grade Compensation - Question 9

Pusher gradients can sometimes be steeper than Ruling gradient. If one locomotive is not sufficient to pull the entire load, another locomotive or engine can be used. It is also known as Helper gradient.

Test: Gradients & Grade Compensation - Question 10

What is the value of Grade compensation on Broad Gauge?

Detailed Solution for Test: Gradients & Grade Compensation - Question 10

Gradient compensation for BG is 0.04% per degree of curve or 70/R whichever is minimum. For MG it is 0.03% per degree of curve or 52.5/R whichever is minimum.

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