BPSC Practice Test- 5 - BPSC (Bihar) MCQ

Bhagirathi River

• Bhagirathi originates from the Gangotri glacier, 25 km long from the place of Gomukh.
• This place is in Uttarkashi district in the state of Uttarakhand.
• It is situated at an altitude of 618 meters above sea level, 70 km from Rishikesh.
• It flows through Uttarakhand
• Devprayag is the confluence of two holy rivers Alaknanda and Bhagirathi to form Ganga.

The famous grammarian Panini was born in Maner (Patna). 
Important facts

• Ashtadhyayi was composed by Panini.
• Ashtadhyayi is a very ancient text of Sanskrit grammar composed by Maharishi Panini with eight chapters in 700 BC. Is. It has eight chapters; There are four verses in each chapter; Each term has formulas from 38 to 220.
• Thus the Ashtadhyayi consists of eight chapters, thirty-two verses and about 4000 sutras in all.
• Mahamuni Katyayan has a detailed Vartika book on Ashtadhyayi and Mahabhashya, a detailed descriptive text of Lord Patanjali on Sutras and Vartikas.
• In short, the three Sutras, Vartikas and Mahabhashyas are collectively called 'Paniniya grammar' and Sutrakar Panini, Vartikakar Katyayan and Bhashyakar Patanjali - all three are called 'Trimuni' of grammar.
• From this book we get information about the political, social and religious condition of India before the Maurya period.

• Valmiki Tiger Reserve forms the eastern most limit of the Himalayan Terai forests in India and is the only tiger reserve of Bihar. This This tiger reserve is Situated in the Gangetic Plains in  bio-geographic zone of the country, the forest has combination of bhabar and terai tracts. 
• Valmiki Tiger Reserve lies in the north-western (mostly in the West Champaran) district of Bihar.
• Name of the district has been derived from two words Champa and Aranya meaning Forest of Champa trees.

Important parks in bihar

• Valmikinagar National Park - West Champaran
• Valmiki Ashram - West Champaran
• Gautam Buddha Sanctuary - Gaya
• Bhim Dam Sanctuary - Munger
• Vikramshila Ganga Dolphin Sanctuary  - Bhagalpur
• Kaimur Sanctuary - Rohtas (largest sanctuary of Bihar)
• Pant Sanctuary  - Nalanda
• Parmar Dolphin Sanctuary - Araria
• Kawar Bird Sanctuary -  Begusarai
• Kusheshwar Bird Sanctuary - Darbhanga
• Gogabil Bird Sanctuary - Katihar
• Nagi Dam and Nakti Dam Bird Sanctuary - Jamui
• Suhiyan Bird Sanctuary - Bhojpur
• Sanjay Gandhi Biological Park - Patna
• Hariya Bara Deer Park - Araria

Kabar Lake-

• Kabar Lake or Kawar Lake, also known locally as Kabar Tal, Kanwar Tal, or Kawar Tal
• It is a shallow freshwater lake in the Begusarai district of Bihar state.
• This lake and the surrounding wetland have the status of a bird sanctuary.
• It was given bird sanctuary status in 1989.
• Kavartal Bird Sanctuary located in the Begusarai district of Bihar has been included in the Ramsar list.
• Kavartal has become the first in Bihar and the 39th Ramsar site in India.
• This lake was given the status of a bird sanctuary by the Bihar government in 1987.

Movement Name: Champaran Satyagraha

• It was started on 19th April, 1917.
• This movement was launched in Champaran district, Bihar, India.

Politicians who took part in the movement-:

• Mahatma Gandhi, Brajkishore Prasad, Rajendra Prasad, Anugrah Narayan Sinha, Ramnavami Prasad, Rajkumar Shukla, JB Kriplani and etc.

• Chhath Puja is a regional festival of Bihar. On this occasion the sun god is worshipped.
• People in Bihar celebrate many festivals to worship God as they are spiritually inclined.
• Chhath Puja is the only Vedic festival dedicated to the Sun God.
• This festival is celebrated twice a year in the month of Chaitra (March) and in the month of Kartik (November).
• It is the 4th day of festivities where people fast and offer prayers during the sunset gathering on the banks of the river.
• They also sing folk songs and dance in praise of the Sun God and Chhatti Maiyya.
• People in Bihar have immense faith in this festival and they maintain purity and purity in their homes. It is believed that through this festival many negative energies from around are destroyed.

Note :- Madhushravani festival is specially celebrated in Mithilanchal of Bihar.

Beryllium is found in Gaya district 

• Indian Railways introduced a new section of trains for tourism called 'Bharat Gaurav'. These trains will be theme based.
• Theme based trains means trains which are run to cater a particular theme like Ramayana Trains which goes to places associated with Lord Rama or Guru Kripa Trains that cover places of Sikh culture. 
• These trains can be operated by Government owned Indian Railway Catering and Tourism Corporation (IRCTC) or by Private operators.

Vande Bharat Train :

• It is also called Train18. It is a semi High speed train which has been built in India by Integrated Coach Factory(ICF) Perambur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu.
• The Train was launched 15 February 2019, from Delhi to Varanasi . Vande Bharat Express is designed to be capable of running at a maximum speed of 200 km/h  but during trail it achieved the speed of 180km per hour 
• It is the fastest train in India .

ICMR-Vector Control Research Centre has developed special female mosquitoes to control Dengue and Chikungunya.
IMPORTANT FACTS -

• These female mosquitoes will mate with males and produce larvae that do not contain the virus.
• Two colonies of Aedes aegypti have been developed by ICMR-VCRC, Puducherry infected with wMel and wAlbB Wolbachia strains to reduce the spread of viral disease. These are called Aedes aegypti (Pud).
• After getting permission from the government, these female mosquitoes will be released outside so that they will form larvae that are free from the viruses of these diseases.

Kharchi Puja is a Hindu festival of Tripura. In this festival, 14 Hindu deities are worshipped, who are considered to be the deities of the Tripuri people.
IMPORTANT FACTS -

• The festival includes 14 deities- Shiva, Durga, Vishnu, Lakshmi, Saraswati, Kartik, Ganesha, Brahma, Abadhi (god of water), Chandra, Ganga, Agni, Kamadeva and Himadri (Himalaya).
• Kharchi Puja is mainly a tribal festival but its origin is from Hinduism.
• The annual 'Kharchi Puja' and festival is meant to cleanse the sins of mortal souls.
• Kharchi Puja is the biggest festival for the Hindu tribals in the Northeast region.
• Thousands gather from all over the country and neighbouring Bangladesh to attend the 'Kharchi Puja'.
• The temple of 14 deities was built during the reign of Maharaja Krishna Manikya.
• This is an age-old tradition that has been celebrated since around 1760 AD.

The Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Kanpur has announced that it will undertake a USD 2.5 million (₹19 crore) project to install around 1,400 sensors in rural blocks of Uttar Pradesh and Bihar.
IMPORTANT FACTS -

• IIT Kanpur is undertaking this project to promote measurement of air pollution in rural India.
• Air pollution is a serious problem in India's cities, burning of biomass, and dependence on diesel gensets for electricity is deteriorating air quality even in villages.

Benefit of the project

• The outcome of this project will help local communities, policy makers and researchers to understand the real situation.
• The three-year pilot project will pave the way for a national network of air quality sensors in rural India.
• The data from this network will also be made available in real time to enable actionable and evidence-based decision making.

According to a report by the United Nations released on 11 July India will surpass China as the most populous country on earth in 2023.
IMPORTANT FACTS -

• The United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the Population Division has said that the global population is projected to reach eight billion on November 15, 2022.
• As per a UN report, the world's population is growing at its slowest pace since 1950. It has fallen under 1% in 2020.
• According to the United Nations the world’s population could grow to around 8.5 billion in 2030 and 9.7 billion in 2050.
• This year's World Population Day, July 11, marks a milestone, when the birth of the eight billionth person on Earth is expected.
• More than half of the projected growth in global population by 2050 will be concentrated in just eight countries of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Egypt, Ethiopia, India, Nigeria, Pakistan, the Philippines and Tanzania.

India’s population in 2022

• According to the report, India's population is 1.412 billion in 2022 as compared to China's 1.426 billion.
• India, which will overtake China as the world's most populous country by 2023, is projected to have 1.668 billion people in 2050, far ahead of China's 1.317 billion people by the middle of the century.

World’s most populous regions in 2022

• The world's two most populous regions in 2022 were East and South-East Asia, with 2.3 billion people, representing 29% of the global population.
• Central and Southern Asia, with 2.1 billion, account for 26% of the world's population in 2022.
• With a population of over 1.4 billion in 2022, China and India account for the largest populations in these regions.

Outflow of more than 1 million migrants

• It is estimated that ten countries experienced a net outflow of more than 1 million migrants between 2010 and 2021.
• In many of these countries, these outflows were due to temporary workers leaving their country.
• Pakistan (net outflow of -16.5 million during 2010-2021), India (-3.5 million), Bangladesh (-2.9 million), Nepal (-1.6 million) and Sri Lanka (-1 million).

Projections of Institute of Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME)

• Alternative long-term population estimates have also been made by the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME).
• In its recent projections, IHME projected that the global population will reach 8.8 billion in 2100.

Hyderabad-based GODI India has become the first company in the country to receive the Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) certification for a lithium-ion cell made using its in-house technology.
IMPORTANT FACTS -

• These cells were tested and qualified by a third-party testing agency, TUV.
• GODI will also set up a giga-factory for battery cell manufacturing in India by 2024.
• Which mainly refers to the facility used to manufacture electronic batteries on a large scale for use in electric vehicles.
• For the first time in Indian History, NMC811 21700, 3.65V-4.5Ah Cylindrical Cells were Made-in-India and Made-for-India.

• The Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs, chaired by Prime Minister Narendra Modi has approved the construction of Taranga Hill-Ambaji-Abu Road new rail line.
• Under this, a railway line will be laid up to Taranga Hill in Mehsana district in Gujarat, Ambaji in Banaskantha and Abu Road in Rajasthan.

IMPORTANT FACTS -

• The Taranga Hill-Ambaji-Abu Road new rail line will be constructed by the Ministry of Railways at an estimated cost of Rs.2798.16 crore.
• Three pilgrimage sites from two states will be connected in this project, which is targeted to be completed by 2026-27.
• The length of this rail line will be 116.65 km.
• This rail line will facilitate faster movement of agricultural and local produce and provide better mobility of the states of Gujarat and Rajasthan with other parts of the country.

Ambaji

• Maa Ambaji Temple is situated on the Arasur mountain on the Gujarat-Rajasthan border.
• This temple is located in Banaskantha district of Gujarat.
• Ambaji Temple is one of the 51 Shakti-peeths of Hindus.
• The temple of Ambaji is also considered unique because there is not a single idol of the goddess here. Instead of the idol, there is a very sacred Sri Yantra, which is mainly worshipped.

Mount Abu

• Mount Abu is a town in the Sirohi district of the state of Rajasthan.
• It is a hill station situated in the Aravalli Hills.
• Mount Abu is the headquarters of the Brahma Kumaris community.

Taranga Hill

• Taranga Hill is a Jain pilgrimage centre in the Mehsana district of Gujarat.
• The temple of Ajitnath, the second Tirthankara of Jainism, is situated here.
• This beautiful temple was built in the 12th century by Shvetambar Solanki King Kumarpal in honour of Lord Ajitnath.  TarangaTaranga

Recently the Ministry of Statistics and Program Implementation (MoSPI) has released the 'Youth in India 2022' report.
IMPORTANT FACTS -

Key highlights of the report -

• According to the Youth in India 2022 report, by 2036, the number of youth will decrease by 25 million. At present the population of youth in the country is 37.14 crores.
• It will come down to 34.55 crore in 2036.
• These days 10.1% are elderly in the country, which will increase to 14.9% by 2036.
• The continuing decline in fertility has led to an increase in the working age population (between 25 and 64 years).

Status of states

• States such as Kerala, Tamil Nadu and Himachal Pradesh are projected to have a higher elderly population than youth by the year 2036.
• Bihar and Uttar Pradesh have experienced an increase in the proportion of youth population to total population by the year 2021 and then it is likely to decline.
• Together with Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh and Rajasthan, these two states account for more than half (52%) of the country's youth.

Due to declining youth population

• Fertility Rate- Fertility rate has been declining since few years. Fertility rate is the average number of children a woman gives birth to.
• The fertility rate was 2.4 in 2011, which will come down to 2.1 by 2019.
• Crude Death Rate- Now the death rate is decreasing in India. Crude death rate means how many deaths are taking place for every one thousand people.
• In 2019, the crude death rate was 6.0, while in 2011 it was 7.1.

Florence Nightingale

• Florence Nightingale was a British nurse, statistician and social reformer who is also considered a fundamental philosopher in modern nursing.
• She was born in Florence, Italy on May 12, 1820. In 2020, the bicentennial of his birth will pass.
• During the Crimean War, she and a group of nurses improved unsanitary conditions at a British hospital base|
•  Her writings outlined global health care reform. 
• She is known for her night trips to help the wounded, thus building the image of 'Lady with the Lamp'.

Options Explanation
Madame Cama

• Madame Cama is known as the "mother of the Indian Revolution".
• In 1907 she attended the International Socialist Congress in Stuttgart. Cama spoke to delegates in Stuttgart and unveiled the Indian tricolor flag (green, yellow and red) with the inscription Bande Mataram in the middle. This was the first time that the Indian flag has been displayed in a foreign country and has become part of the tricolor template adopted by the Indian country.

Annie Besant

• Annie Besant was a British social reformer, a women's rights activist and a supporter of Indian nationalism.

Sarojini Naidu

• Sarojini Naidu was an Indian political activist, poet and a major figure in India's struggle for independence from colonial rule. She was the first female to become President of the Indian National Congress and was appointed Governor of the State of India. She is known as the 'Nightingale of India'. She was also the first female state governor in India.

The ideas of the non-cooperation movement did not envisage popular violence during the freedom struggle.
Important Facts 
Protest 

• In the program of non-cooperation, titles and honors were equated.
• Boycott of government recognized schools and colleges
• boycott of law courts
• Picking up on shops selling foreign cloth was also a major form of this.
• The boycott can be extended to include large-scale civil disobedience, including resignation from government service and non-payment of taxes.

Confusing Points  
Cooperation in different parts of the country     
Kisan Sabha:-

• In the Awadh region of Uttar Pradesh, the Kisan Sabha and the Kisan movement were getting stronger since 1918.
• In Malabar, Kerala, non-cooperation and Khilafat propaganda helped to arouse Muslim tenants against their landlords.
• The spinning wheel became widely popular and Khadi became the uniform of the national movement.
• The defiance of forest laws became popular in Andhra.
• In some states of Rajasthan, farmers and tribals started agitations to get better living conditions.
• Akali Movement: In Punjab, the Akali movement was a part of the general movement of non-cooperation to take over gurudwaras from corrupt mahants (priests).

• On 2 September 1946, the newly-elected Constituent Assembly formed the Interim Government of India, whose function was to assist in the transition period of British India's independence.
• The first interim government was appointed under the leadership of Jawaharlal Nehru.

Important Facts 
Formation of the Interim Government

• On 24 August 1946, the announcement of the formation of the Interim National Government was made.
• It included Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel, Dr. Rajendra Prasad, Asafali, Sarat Chandra Bose, Dr. John Mathai, Sir Safat Ahmed Khan, Jagjivan Ram, Sardar Baldev Singh, Shgayed Ali Zaheer, C. Rajagopalachari and Dr. C.H. Bhabha added.
• Members of the Muslim League did not participate in this. However, the option was kept open for him to join. 

The cabinet ministers of the interim government.

• Home Affairs, Information and Broadcasting: Vallabhbhai Patel
• Agriculture and Food: Rajendra Prasad
• Education and the Arts: C. Rajagopalachari
• Defence: Baldev Singh
• Industry and Supply: C. Rajagopalachari
• Labour: Jagjivan Ram
• Railways and Communications: Asaf Ali
• Work, Mines and Electricity: Ch. Bhabha

The Interim Government was in existence till 15 August 1947.

Hardayal was the leader of the Ghadar movement.
IMPORTANT FACTS:

• The Ghadar Party was founded in San Francisco, America in 1913 with the aim of ending the British Empire. 
• The founder president of the Ghadar Party was Sardar Sohan Singh Bhakna. 
• Apart from this, Kesar Singh Thathgarh – Vice President, Lala Hardayal – General Secretary, Lala Thakur Das Dhuri – Joint Secretary, and Pandit Kanshi Ram Madroli – Treasurer.
• The party's headquarters were in San Francisco.
• Its prominent members were Bhai Parmanand, Kartar Singh Sarabha, Abdul Hafiz Mohammad Barkatullah, Rash Behari Bose and Gulab Kaur.

During the Gupta period, there was a lot of development in the field of science and technology, during this period the principle of zero and the decimal system was known.
Important Facts

• In the field of science, the Gupta period is credited with the development of the principle of zero and the decimal system.  
• Aryabhatta first propounded the theory of nihilism, he told that the earth revolves around the sun while rotating on its axis.  
• The leading mathematicians of this period were well versed in astrology.  
• Among them Aryabhatta I, Varahamihira, Bhaskar I and Brahmagupta hold special importance. 
• In the sixth century, Vagbhata wrote the famous Ayurvedic text Ashtangahrdaya.  
• Dhanvantari was a scholar and doctor of Ayurveda in the court of Chandragupta Vikramaditya. 
• The Vaisheshika branch propounded the atomic theory.  
•  Aryabhatta used zero and decimal system a lot in his calculations.  
• He wrote a book called "Aryabhattiyam". He was a mathematician and astronomer. 

• Jain scholar Jinprabha Suri was related to Muhammad bin Tughlaq.
• Balban assumed the titles of "Niyabte-Khudai (Representative of God) and Jille-Allah (Shadow of God)."
• Alauddin Khilji had established a new department "Deewane-Mustakhraj" to improve the revenue system, it was a revenue department.

 Important facts 

• Mohammed bin Tughlaq was a moderate Sultan, he used to participate in the Holi festival of Hindus.
• Muhammad bin Tughlaq had welcomed Jain scholars Jinprabha Suri and Rajashekhar.
•  For the first time in the Delhi Sultanate, coinage coins were issued by Mohammad bin Tughlaq.
• He changed the capital from Delhi to Daulatabad/Devagiri.
•  Moroccan traveler Ibn Battuta came to his court.
• Mohammad bin Tughlaq had established "Diwan-i-Amir Kohi" (Department of Agriculture).

Historical aspect 

• On September 5, 1320, Khusrau Khan ascended the throne of Delhi under the name of Ghazi Malik or Tughlaq Ghazi Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq.
• Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq established a new city named Tughlaqabad on the hills near Delhi.
• This fort is built in Roman style, this fort is known as Chappan Kot.
• Probably Ghiyasuddin was the first ruler to build canals.
• Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq died in 1325 AD while returning from the Bengal campaign buried in the wooden palace built by Jauna Khan.

• Madhvacharya had given the philosophy of dualism, Nimbarka had given the philosophy of duality, Vallabhacharya had given the philosophy of pure dualism.
• Shankaracharya gave the philosophy of Advaita.
• Ramanuja had given the philosophy of Vishishtdvaita, Ramanuja started the Bhakti movement in the medieval period.
• He was a Saguna Bhakti saint of the Vaishnava sect of Tamil Nadu.
• Ramananda brought the Bhakti movement from South India to North India. Ramanand was a disciple of Ramanuja. He popularized Ram Bhakti in North India. Kabir, Raidas, Dhanna Jat, Pipa etc. were disciples of Ramananda. 
• Kabir, Nanak, Dadu were Nirguna Bhakti saints.
• Dnyaneshwar or Dnyandev, Namdev, Eknath, Tukaram, Ramdas were devotional saints of Maharashtra. Ramdas was the religious guru of Shivaji.

There was the "Peshwa", which looked after finance and general administration.
Important facts

• Shivaji died in 1680, shortly after the Carnatic campaign.
• In the meantime, he had laid the foundation for a solid system of administration. Shivaji's administrative set-up resembled the administrative practices of most of the Deccan states, although he appointed eight ministers who are sometimes called "ashtapradhans".
• But it was not a council of ministers in nature and each minister was directly accountable to the ruler. The most important minister was the "Peshwa", who looked after finance and general administration.
• The "Sare-Naubat" was the commander-in-chief, an honorable post given to a leading Maratha chieftain.
• The "majumdar" was the accountant while the "vakianvis" was responsible for espionage, postal and domestic affairs.
• "Chitnis" helped the ruler through correspondence.
• The "dabir" was in charge of ceremonies and also assisted the ruler in matters relating to foreign powers.
• "Judge and Panditrao" were in charge of justice and charity aid Shivaji collected "chauth and sardeshmukhi" taxes.

• The earliest evidence of rice production has been found from Mehargarh.
• Paddy husk  was obtained from Koldihwa  (Allahabad UP)  .
  • Evidence of animal husbandry  is found from Adamgarh   (Madhya Pradesh)   .

Important facts 

• On the basis of new research, the earliest evidence of agriculture in the Indian subcontinent comes from Lahuradeo (Saint Kabir district, Uttar Pradesh), from here (9000 BC to 7000 BC) evidence of rice has been received.
• The Neolithic period started from Mehargarh (Baluchistan, Pakistan), from where information about agriculture, permanent residence, utensils and polished tools etc. is available.
• In the Paleolithic period, man was a hunter and a food collector, he used large tools of stone.
• In the Mesolithic period, man started animal husbandry, its evidence is found from Adamgarh    (Madhya Pradesh) and Bagor (Rajasthan). Probably the first man to have domesticated a dog. 
• Agriculture started in the Neolithic period.
• The first cotton cultivation in the world was started from Mehargarh.
• Evidence of dogs being buried along with humans is found in the tomb from the Neolithic site   Burzahom (Jammu and Kashmir)  

The  president of this  sangeet   was Vasumitra and the  vice -president was Asvaghosha .
Important facts 
Fourth Buddhist Council 

• This association was organized under the patronage of King Kanishka of the Kushan dynasty. 
• It was held in Kundalavan, Kashmir in the 1st century AD (72 AD). 
• The most important sources of Buddhism were the Tripitaka/Tipitaka written in the Pali language.

• Chandragupta II had defeated the Shakas of western India, after which Chandragupta II assumed the title of Vikramaditya.
• Nalanda University  was founded by Kumaragupta  .

Important facts 

• Chandragupta II was the most famous  Vikramaditya   .
• Chandragupta Vikramaditya is   also known as  Shakari  .
• Chandragupta Vikramaditya followed the Shakas to introduce  silver   coins.
• Navratnas  lived  in the court of Chandragupta Vikramaditya  , such as Kalidas , Dhanwantri, Amar Singh, scientist Varahamihira  etc. 
• Chandragupta I  assumed the title of Maharajadhiraj , he started the Gupta  era in 319 AD   .
• Samudragupta is   also called Napoleon  of India.

• The oldest archival evidence relating to the Bhagavata religion is the Besnagar (Madhya Pradesh) inscription/Garuda pillar inscription of Heliodorus.
• The Allahabad Pillar Inscription/Prayagprashasti of Samudragupta was written by Harishena. Samudragupta is also called Napoleon of India.
• The Bhitari pillar inscription of Skandagupta gives us information about Skandagupta. Skandagupta defeated the Hunas and got the Sudarshan lake repaired.

Important facts

• The Garuda pillar inscription was made by the Greek ambassador Heliodorus.
• At that time Vidisha was known as Besnagar.
• The Garuda statue was erected around 113 BC.
• A dedication written on the pillar is in the Brahmi script.
• This pillar was discovered by Alexander Cunningham in 1877.
• This inscription shows that Heliodorus, the Yavana ambassador of Taxila, adopted the Bhagavata religion and worshiped Vasudeva after the installation of this pillar.
• In the inscription, Vasudeva has been called the god of gods. The Mehrauli pillar inscription gives information about Chandragupta Vikramaditya / Chandragupta II, the ruler of the Gupta dynasty.

• Ghazi Malik belonged to the Tughlaq dynasty.
• In 1296, the Khilji dynasty was founded by Jalaluddin Firoz Khilji by killing Kaimurs, the last ruler of the slave dynasty. Alauddin Khilji was the most powerful king of this dynasty. 
• In 1206 AD, the Delhi Sultanate and the Ghulam dynasty were established by Qutubuddin Aibak, the slave of Muhammad Ghori. 
• The Lodi dynasty was founded by Bahlol Lodi, who conquered the Jaunpur state and merged it with the Delhi Sultanate. 

Important facts  

• Ghazi Malik established the Tughlaq dynasty in 1320 by removing Sultan Khusro Shah of Delhi Sultanate from the throne. 
• Ghazi Malik is also known as Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq. 
• Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq was the first Sultan of Delhi Sultanate who got the canals built for the first time. 
• Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq had a dispute with the Sufi saint Nizamuddin Auliya. 
• During the tenure of Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq, for the first time South India was conquered and merged into the Delhi Sultanate. 
• Muhammad bin Tughlaq became the ruler of Delhi after Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq. 

Fatehpur Sikri's Ibadatkhana was the building in which Akbar held discussions with scholars of different religions. 
Important facts

• Akbar built  the Ibadatkhana  in his capital   Fatehpur Sikri in   1575    .
• It was a   prayer hall   where   religious discussions   were held, initially only scholars of Muslim religion used to visit this building, but   in 1578, Akbar opened its doors to scholars of all religions   . 
• Akbar wanted to know the   basics   of all religions   along with Islam.   Later, Akbar started a new religion by mixing the good and basics of all religions or gave a new ideology of his own, which   was called "Tawheed-i-Ilahi or Din-e". - Elahi  " said
• Birbal   was  the only Hindu who accepted this religion.  
• Akbar was a  moderate  Mughal ruler 
• He abolished the pilgrimage tax and jizya tax on Hindus.

Galvanometer is used to detect the flow of electricity in a circuit.
OPTIONS EXPLANATION

• Anemometer-Measures wind speed
• Barometer-Measures atmospheric pressure
• Lactometer-A Lactometer is a device which is used to measure the amount of water in a given quantity of milk.