Geography: CUET Mock Test - 7 - Humanities/Arts MCQ

Arun is interested in that aspect of human geography which studies each unit of Earth thoroughly to understand the entire planet.
It was followed in Later Colonial period. Elaborate description of all aspects of a region were undertaken. The idea was that all the regions were part of a whole, i.e. Earth; so, understanding the parts in totality would lead to an understanding of the whole.

Human resource development is the integrated use of training, organisation, and career development efforts to improve individual, group, and organisational effectiveness. 'R' and 'S' are the activities aimed at improving the skill level of an individual, such that the individual will be able to perform better at the workplace as a result of this training and these workshops. 'P' is incorrect as it itself is not a human development activity. Although the purpose for education loan is obtaining education, only education would be regarded as a human development activity. 'Q' is not a human resource development activity.

According to latest population based ranking of the states, Haryana had the lowest population of 2.77 crore among all of the other states mentioned, followed by Punjab with a population of 2.8 crore. Kerala is ranked third with a population of 3.48 crore people. With a population of 3.65 crore people, Assam is ranked fourth and Uttar Pradesh with a population of 23.50 crore is the most populous of the five states and hence, ranks fifth.

The Bakarwal community was listed as a 'Scheduled Tribe' along with the Gujjars of Jammu and Kashmir in 1991. As sheep and goat rearing transhumants, the Bakarwals alternate between high and low altitudes, based on the seasons, in the hills of the Himalayas. This is why the Bakarwals, as a singular tribe, are stretched from the hills of the Hindu Kush in Nuristan to the hills of the Himalayas in Uttarakhand.

The Green Revolution in the late 1960s introduced the Indian farmer to cultivation of wheat and rice using high yielding varieties (HYVs) of seeds, mechanised farm tools, irrigation facilities, pesticides and fertilisers. Compared to the traditional seeds, the HYV seeds promised to produce much greater amounts of grain on a single plant. As a result, the same piece of land would now produce far larger quantities of foodgrains than was possible earlier.

Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited, Hyderabad, is an Indian government owned engineering and manufacturing enterprise based in New Delhi, India. It is under the ownership of Ministry of Heavy Industries, Government of India. Established in 1956, BHEL is India's largest power generation equipment manufacturer.

Rainwater harvesting has been practised through various methods by different communities in the country for a long time. Traditional rainwater harvesting in rural areas is done by using surface storage bodies, like lakes, ponds, irrigation tanks, etc.
In Rajasthan, rainwater harvesting structures locally known as kunds or tankas (covered underground tanks) are constructed near or in the house or a village to store harvested rainwater.

Pulses are a very important ingredient of vegetarian food as these are rich sources of proteins. Pulses are legume crops which increase the natural fertility of soils through nitrogen fixation. India is a leading producer of pulses in the world. The cultivation of pulses in the country is largely concentrated in the dry lands of Deccan and central plateaus and north-western parts of the country.

We need to use our resources carefully so that they cannot be get wasted by us and can be saved for use in our future. We must not forget that we borrowed resources from future generations and not inherited from past generation. Natural resources which are present in a limited amount in nature are called non-renewable sources. Also, population is increasing; hence, consumption of resources is also increasing.

"Small Is Beautiful: A Study of Economics As If People Mattered" is a collection of essays published in 1973 by E. F. Schumacher.
Ernst Friedrich Schumacher CBE was a German-British statistician and economist who was best known for his proposals for human-scale, decentralised and appropriate technologies.

Between 1929 and 1939, the Great Depression was a devastating global economic depression that began with a large drop in stock values in the United States. The economic contagion began on September 4, 1929, and was widely publicised on Black Tuesday, October 29, 1929, when the stock market crashed. The population of the United States was estimated to be 12,27,75,046 according to the 1930 United States Census. Around 40% of the population was under the age of 20. Suicide rates rose, although life expectancy rose from 57 years in 1929 to 63 years in 1933.

The Bhabha Atomic Research Centre is India's premier nuclear research facility, headquartered in Trombay, Mumbai, Maharashtra. It was founded by Homi Jehangir Bhabha Atomic Energy Establishment, Trombay in January 1954 as a multidisciplinary research programme essential for India's nuclear programme.

Human geography studies the inter-relationship between the physical environment and socio-cultural environment created by the human beings through mutual interaction with each other. According to Ellen Churchill Semple, 'Human Geography' is a study of changing relationship between the unresting man and the unstable earth. Ellen Churchill Semple was an American geographer and the first female President of the Association of American Geographers.

Maize is a food as well as fodder crop grown under semi-arid climatic conditions and over inferior soils. Yield level of maize is higher than other coarse cereals. It is high in southern states and declines towards central parts. It is sown all over India except Punjab and eastern and north-eastern regions. The leading producers of maize are the states of Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Bihar, Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Rajasthan and Uttar Pradesh.

Finished steel imports during 2021-22 fell by 2 percent, to 4.7 mt, with highest volume coming from South Korea at 2 mt, followed by China and Japan at 832,600 tonnes and 664,200 tonnes respectively. This shows that India does import's steel.

The Gas Authority of India Limited was set up in 1984 as a public sector undertaking to transport and market natural gas. Natural gas is obtained along with oil in all the oilfields. The Natural Gas Commission was set up in 1956. Till then, Digboi in Assam was the only oil producing region, but the scenario changed after 1956.

Places of pilgrimage, such as Jerusalem, Mecca, Jagannath Puri, etc. are considered cultural towns. These urban centres are of great religious importance. They are called art towns which are recognised for having art as a central feature to their cultural identity. Arts towns generate a good portion of their economy, their existence, and their tourism from establishing a culture of the arts.

The term 'conurbation' was coined by Patrick Geddes in 1915 and applied to a large area of urban development that resulted from the merging of originally separate towns or cities. Greater London, Manchester, Chicago, and Tokyo are the examples. Some Indian examples of conurbations are Mumbai Metropolitan Region; it comprises seven corporations and 15 municipal councils. Delhi NCR region comprises Delhi with the surrounding districts of Haryana, Rajasthan, and Uttar Pradesh.

India has a vast coastline and the coast is very indented in some states. Due to this, a number of lagoons and lakes have formed. The States like Kerala, Odisha and West Bengal have vast surface water resources in these lagoons and lakes. Although, water is generally brackish in these water bodies, it is used for fishing and irrigating certain varieties of paddy crops, coconut, etc.

The waste water which is discharged from the sewage treatment plants has a higher temperature than the temperature of the river. In summers, the surrounding temperature is already higher and the release of this hot water further accelerates the pollution of water bodies. The drains carrying agricultural (fertilizers and insecticides), domestic (solid and liquid wastes), and industrial effluents join the rivers. The concentration of pollutants in rivers, especially remains very high during the summer season when the flow of water is low.

The correct answer is 'option D'

• Demographic dividend, iss defined by the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA).
• It is "the economic growth potential that can result from shifts in a population’s age structure, mainly when the share of the working-age population (15 to 64) is larger than the non-working-age share of the population (14 and younger, and 65 and older)".
• Therefore, as per the definition the age group 0-14 and 60+ will help in the calculation of the demographic dividend.
• Once we know these two numbers, it is easy to calculate the remaining population digits and hence the demographic dividend. 

Therefore, the correct answer is '0-14 and 60 and above'

Sustainable Development (SD) is “development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs”.

• The concept of “sustainable development” came into general usage after the Brundtland Commission Report (1987), formally called the Report of the World Commission on Environment aid Development (WCED).
• This concept of sustainable development aims to maintain economic advancement and progress while protecting the long-term value of the environment.
• The United Nations 2005 World Summit outcome document refers to economic development, social development, and environmental protection as the 'interdependent and mutually reinforcing pillars of sustainable development.
• SD enables the present generation to use natural resources judiciously so that their availability is ensured for future generations too.
• This involves the conservation of biodiversity resources, attaining atmospheric balance, the productivity of soil as well as other systems of the natural environment.
• Development can be socially sustainable when it achieves social justice via equitable resource allocation, eradicates poverty, and provides social services such as education, health, etc., to all members of the society, especially the neediest ones.
• Sustainability is a broad term that describes managing resources without depleting them for future generations.
• Sustainable development describes the processes for improving long-term economic well-being and quality of life without compromising future generations' ability to meet their needs.

Hence, from the above-mentioned points, it becomes clear that the concept of sustainable development is related to the conservation of resources.

• Africa has the highest population growth rate as all three subregions growing over 2% are in Africa.
• Middle Africa is the only subregion growing over 3% followed by Western Africa and Eastern Africa growing over 2%.
• The population growth rate of Africa (2.49%) is almost double of the growth rate of second fastest growing continent Oceania (1.31%).
• Except for Africa and Oceania, the remaining four continents have growth rates below 1%.
• The Populations of Asia (0.86%), South America (0.83%) and North America (0.77%) are increasing at a similar rate.
• Eleven subregions have growth rates above 1%. Europe is the only continent with a modest growth rate of 0.06% as the lowest three ranked subregions are located in Europe. Southern Europe and Eastern Europe have negative growth rates.

The correct answer is Maharashtra.

The parent material for most of the black soil is the volcanic rocks that were formed in the Deccan Plateau. Due to extrusive volcanic topography, in most of the areas, the soil is black coloured and hard. 

Nature of Human Geography

• The people begin to understand their environment and the forces of nature with the passage of time.
• With social and cultural development, humans develop better and more efficient technology. 
• They create possibilities with the resources obtained from the environment. Human activities create a cultural landscape.
• The imprints of human activities are created everywhere; health resorts on highlands, huge urban sprawls, fields, orchards, and pastures in plains and rolling hills, ports on the coasts, oceanic routes on the oceanic surface, and satellites in the space.
• The earlier scholars termed this as possibilism. Nature provides opportunities and human beings make use of these and slowly nature gets humanized and starts bearing the imprints of human endeavor.
• Human geography studies the inter relationship between the physical environment and socio-cultural environment created by man. Hence, statement 1 is correct.
• Elements of physical environment are land, water, soil, climate, vegetation, fauna. Hence, statement 2 is correct.
• Elements of cultural environment are transport and communication, settlements, crops. Hence, statement 3 is correct.

The Correct Answer is Plantation Farming. 

• Plantation farming is tree or bush farming which had been introduced by the British around the 19th century.
• It mostly refers to single crop orchards or crops such as tea, rubber, spice crops, coconut, coffee, lime, oranges, apples, etc.
• Plantation farming is very useful for export business.
• Plantation agriculture is mostly confined to the tropical climate.

• ​Quarrying is the process of removing rock, sand, gravel, or minerals from the ground in order to use them to produce materials for construction or other uses.
• Minerals that lie near the surface are simply dugout, by the process known as quarrying

The correct answer is Quarrying.

The correct answer is Maharashtra.

• Maharashtra with 2.3 Million (23 lakh) net in-migrants receives the maximum number of immigrants followed by Delhi, Gujarat, and Haryana. Hence, Option 2 is correct.
• Uttar Pradesh and Bihar were the states, which had the largest number of net out-migrants among all the states.
• According to the 2011 Census, the number of internal migrants rose to 453.6 million.
• According to the International Migrant Stock 2019 report (released by the Population Division of the United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs), India with 5 million international migrants has emerged as the top source of international migrants, constituting 6.4% of the world’s total migrant population.
• The cities of Mumbai, Delhi, and Kolkata are the largest destinations for internal migrants in India.
• Uttar Pradesh and Bihar are the biggest source states, followed closely by Madhya Pradesh, Punjab, and Rajasthan.
• The major destination states are Maharashtra, UP, Tamil Nadu, Gujarat, Andhra Pradesh, and Kerala.
• The number of internal migrants in India was 450 million as per the most recent 2011 census. This is an increase of 45% over the 309 million recorded in 2001. 
• Internal migrants as a percentage of the population increased from 30% in 2001 to 37% in 2011.
• When a person is enumerated in the census at a different place than his / her place of birth, she/he is considered a migrant.
• Female Migration: Out of the total internal migrants, 7 percent are women (Census of India 2001) and marriage is one of the major reasons for female migration in both the rural and urban areas.
• Male Migration: Migration for employment-related reasons is one of the prominent reasons for male migration in both rural and urban areas.

The correct answer is Number of females per thousand males in the age group 0-6.

The child sex ratio is the number of females per thousand males in the age group 0-6.

• The age-specific sex ratios in India started to be computed in 1961.
• The child sex ratio in 2011 is decreased by 13 points.
• The child sex ratio of India is 919 in the census 2011.
• Haryana is the worst state with an incredibly low child sex ratio of 793.
• The highest child sex ratio of 972 is found in Arunachal Pradesh.

The sex ratio is an important indicator of gender balance in the population.

The correct answer is Darwin and Melbourne.

• Trans continental stuart highway connects Darwin (North Coast) and Melbourne via Tennant creak and Alice springs in Australia.
• It is longest national highway in the world with total length of 14,500 km.