Geography: CUET Mock Test - 8 - Humanities/Arts MCQ

Chicle is the word given to the part of the chewing gum that has lost its flavour and is manufactured from the milky juice of the zapota tree.

Demographic transition theory can be used to describe and predict the future population of any area. The theory tells us that population of any region changes from high births and high deaths to low births and low deaths as society progresses from rural agrarian and illiterate society to urban industrial and literate society. These changes occur in stages which are collectively known as the demographic cycle.

The poverty index is related to the Human Development Index. This index measures the shortfall in human development. It is a non-income measure. The probability of not surviving till the age of 40, the adult illiteracy rate, the number of people who do not have access to clean water, and the number of small children who are underweight are all taken into account to show the shortfall in human development in any region. Often the human poverty index is more revealing than the Human Development Index.

Mules are preferred in mountainous regions. A mule is the offspring of a male donkey (jack) and a female horse (mare). Mules have harder hooves than horses which make them great for rocky terrain. Mules' hooves are less likely to split or crack and can withstand mountainous trails and rocky farm soil. For many owners around the world who may not be able to regularly replace horseshoes, mules are cheaper to keep.

The profitability of mining activities is determined by two major factors:
Physical characteristics: They include deposit size, grade, and method of occurrence.
Economic considerations such as mineral demand, accessible and used technology, capital to create infrastructure, and labour and transportation costs.

Discontentment with the quantitative revolution and its dehumanised manner of doing geography led to the emergence of three new schools of thought of human geography (emergence of humanistic, radical and behavioural) in the 1970s. Human geography was made more relevant to the socio-political reality by the emergence of these schools of thought.

Building people's capabilities in the area of education is important in enlarging their choices.For example, an uneducated child cannot make the choice to be a doctor because his/her choice has got limited due to lack of education. Similarly, very often poor people cannot choose to take medical treatment for disease because their choice is limited by their lack of resources. It is interesting to see to which group most of the school dropouts belong to. This should, then lead to an understanding of the reasons for such behaviour. In India, a large number of women and persons belonging to socially and economically backward groups drop out of school. This shows how the choices of these groups get limited by not having access to knowledge.

Manganese is an important raw material for smelting of iron ore and also used for manufacturing ferro alloys. Manganese deposits are found in almost all geological formations, however, it is mainly associated with the Dharwar system. Odisha is the leading producer of Manganese. Major mines in Odisha are located in the central part of the iron ore belt of India.

In West Africa, the French planted cocoa and coffee. Large tea plantations were established by the British in Sri Lanka and India, as well as rubber plantations in Malaysia and sugarcane and banana plantations in the West Indies. In the Philippines, sugarcane and coconut crops received significant Spanish and American investment.

The Danube Waterway: This important inland waterway serves Eastern Europe. The Danube river rises in the Black Forest and flows eastwards through many countries. It is navigable up to Taurna Severin. The chief export items are wheat, maize, timber, and machinery.

Movement in search of pastures is undertaken either over vast horizontal distances or vertically from one elevation to another in the mountainous regions. The process of migration from plain areas to pastures on mountains during summers and again from mountain pastures to plain areas during winters is known as transhumance. In mountain regions such as Himalayas, Gujjars, Bakarwals, Gaddis and Bhotiyas migrate from plains to the mountains in summers and to the plains from the high altitude pastures in winters. Similarly, in the tundra regions, the nomadic herders move from south to north in summers and from north to south in winters.

The group 'Greater Mumbai, Kolkata, Delhi, Chennai' shows the cities arranged in the 'sequence of their ranks' in size.
Greater Mumbai, Kolkata, Delhi, Chennai cities have the population of 16.4 million, 13.22 million, 12.79 million, and 6.42 million, respectively.
India is the seventh biggest country in the world by region, and a country this big has a population to match. In detail, the country has 39 cities which have a population of one million residents.

Nomadic herding is a prehistoric subsistence activity in which herders rely on animals for food, clothing, shelter, tools, and transportation. They travel from one location to another with their animals, depending on the availability and quality of pastures and water. As a matter of custom, each nomadic society has a distinct region.

Traditional industrial regions are distinguished by a high share of manufacturing jobs, high-density dwellings, frequency of low quality, and inadequate services, unappealing surroundings (such as pollution and rubbish dumps), unemployment, emigration, and abandoned land regions created by factory closures due to a global drop in demand.

Income Approach is one of the oldest approaches to human development. Human development is seen as being linked to income. The idea is that the level of income reflects the level of freedom an individual enjoys. The higher the level of income, the higher is the level of human development.

People prefer living on flat plains and gentle slopes. This is because such areas are favourable for the production of crops and to build roads and industries. The mountainous and hilly areas hinder the development of transport network and, hence initially do not favour agricultural and industrial development. So, these areas tend to be less populated. The Ganga plains are among the most densely populated areas of the world, while the mountain zones in the Himalayas are scarcely populated.

Since 1990, the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) has been publishing the Human Development Report every year. This report provides a rank-wise list of all member countries according to the level of human development. The Human Development Index and the Human Poverty Index are two important indices used by the UNDP to measure human development.

Births will add more individuals to the population, as will immigration, where people come in to a foreign country to live. Emigration is the act of leaving a resident country or place of residence with the intent to settle elsewhere. All these factors determine the rate at which the population of the country will grow. Thus, option D is correct.

Exploration and description are the approaches of early colonial period. Imperial and trade interests prompted the discovery and exploration of new areas. An encyclopaedic description of the area formed an important aspect of the geographer's account. Elaborate description of all aspects of a region was not undertaken until later colonial period.

Most of the movement of goods and services takes place over land. In early days, humans themselves were carriers. Later, animals were used as beasts of burden. With the invention of the wheel, the use of carts and wagons became important. The revolution in transport came about only after the invention of the steam engine in the eighteenth century. Perhaps, the first public railway line was opened in 1825 between Stockton and Darlington in northern England and then onwards, railways became the most popular and fastest form of transport in the nineteenth century.

The correct answer is Mining.

The primary activity includes those occupations which are closely related to man’s natural environment.

• The most important feature of the primary sector is that it forms the base for all other activities.
• These economic functions deliver the raw material for other industries, which further refine and develop these materials into products to sell to customers.
• Some important examples of primary activities are Gathering, hunting, fishing, lumbering, animal rearing, farming, and mining.
  • Animal rearing or dairy is a primary activity. In this activity, farmers are dependent on the biological process of the animals, the availability of fodder, etc. The product, milk, is also natural.

The wind power plant is the plant that uses the non-conventional source of energy.

In general, power plants can be divided into two categories - conventional and non-conventional power plants.

Conventional power plants:

• Fossil fuel power plants: Generates electric power by burning fossil fuels like coal, natural gas or diesel.
• Nuclear power plants: The Controlled nuclear reaction is maintained to generate electricity.
• Hydroelectric power plants: Electricity is produced by building dams on suitable rivers.

Non-conventional power plants:

• Wind power plants: The kinetic energy of wind is used to create power.
• Solar power plants: Generates power by collecting solar radiation
• Geothermal power plants: Uses the natural heat found in the deep levels of the earth to generate electricity.
• Biomass power plants: Natural organic matter is burnt to produce electricity.

The correct answer is Grapes.

Viticulture is known as the cultivation and harvesting of Grapes.

• The energy of a body is its capacity to do work. It is measured the total amount of work that the body can do.  
  • Conventional energy sources are:
  • Fossil fuel energy
  • Hydraulic energy
  • Nuclear energy
• Fossil fuel energy:
  • Coal, petroleum, and natural gas are called Fossil fuel as these are formed by the decomposition of the remains of dead plants and animals buried under the earth for a long time.
  • These are non-renewable sources of energy, which, if exhausted, can not be replenished in a short time.
  • Their reserves are limited and are considered very precious.
  • These should be used with care and caution to let them last long.
  • These are also contributing to the global environmental pollution.

Clustered Settlements -

• The clustered rural settlement is a compact or closely built up area of houses.
• In this type of village, the general living area is distinct and separated from the surrounding farms, barns and pastures.
• The closely built-up area and its intervening streets present some recognisable pattern or geometric shape, such as rectangular, radial, linear, etc.
• Such settlements are generally found in fertile alluvial plains and in the northeastern states.
• Sometimes, people live in a compact village for security or defence reasons, such as in the Bundelkhand region of central India and in Nagaland. Hence the correct answer is option A.
• In Rajasthan, scarcity of water has necessitated compact settlement for maximum utilisation of available water resources.

Nehru Trophy Boat Race (VALLAMKALI) 

• Nehru Trophy Boat Race is a popular Vallam Kali (boat race) held in the Punnamada Lake near Alappuzha, Kerala on the second Saturday of August every year. 
• The most popular event of the race is the competition of Chundan Vallams (snake boats). Hence the race is also known as Snake Boat Race in English. 
• Other categories of boats such as Churulan Vallam, Iruttukuthy Vallam, Odi Vallam etc. also participate in the competition. 
• It is organized by the Nehru Trophy Boat Race Society under the guidance of the district administration. 
• Vembanad is the longest lake in India, which spans several districts in Kerala. It is known as Punnamada Lake in Kuttanad, Kochi Lake in Kochi. 

The correct answer is 1960.

• Roads along the northern and north-eastern boundary of India are known as border roads. The Border Road Organisation (BRO) was established in May 1960 for accelerating economic development and strengthening defence preparedness through rapid and coordinated improvement and suffers daily necessities in border areas.
• Example- Roads in high altitude mountainous terrain joining Chandigarh with Manila. This road runs at an average altitude of 4,270 meters above the mean sea level.

Border Roads Organisation

• BRO was conceived and raised in 1960 by Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru for coordinating the speedy development of a network of roads in the North and the North Eastern border regions of the country.
• It works under the administrative control of the Ministry of Defence.
• It has diversified into a large spectrum of construction and development works comprising airfields, building projects, defence works, and tunneling and has endeared itself to the people.

The correct option is Mustard.

• The oilseeds are produced for extracting edible oils.
• Drylands of Malwa plateau, Marathwada, Gujarat, Rajasthan, Telangana, Rayalseema region of Andhra Pradesh, and Karnataka plateau are oilseeds growing regions of India.
• These crops together occupy about 14 percent of the total cropped area in the country. Groundnut, rapeseed and mustard, soybean, and sunflower are the main oilseed crops grown in India.

Golden Quadrilateral

• It is a highway network that connects Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata, and Chennai, thereby uniting India's major industrial, agricultural, and cultural centers. Hence, option 1 is correct.
• The project began in 2001.
• It was Phase 1 of the larger National Highway Development Project, which was initiated by the same administration in 1998.
• The National Highways Authority of India (NHAI), which is part of the Ministry of Road, Transport, and Highways, is in charge of it.
• When it was completed, the Golden Quadrilateral, which consisted of 5,846 km (3,633 mi) of four/six-lane express roads, was the biggest highway project in India and the fifth-longest in the world. Hence, option 2 is correct.
• It is so named because it connects Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata, and Chennai, forming a type of quadrilateral. Hence, option 3 is correct.
• The fundamental goal of these superhighways is to shorten the distance and time connecting India's four megacities.
• This project includes the North-South corridor connecting Srinagar (Jammu and Kashmir) and Kanyakumari (Tamil Nadu), as well as the East-West corridor connecting Silchar (Assam) and Porbandar (Gujarat).
• The network also connects other key metropolises such as Pune, Ahmedabad, Jaipur, Kanpur, Surat in the north and Bengaluru, Visakhapatnam, and Bhubaneswar in the south.
• The increased speed limits were possible as a result of the systematic and planned strengthening of the track and its infrastructure by removing bottlenecks in these sections at a rapid pace.
• This featured stronger rails, the installation of 260-meter-long welded rail panels, and the upgrading of bends and slopes, among other things.

• Farming is the process of systematic and controlled growth of plants or livestock in order to obtain food materials and other raw materials.
• The process of agriculture was initiated thousands of years ago, as civilizations became a part of human life, farming became an everyday chore for the people.
• There are two types of farming based on the terrains in which the crops are cultivated.
• They are known as wetland farming and dryland farming.