Geography: CUET Mock Test - 9 - Humanities/Arts MCQ

The fourth King of Bhutan, King Jigme Singye Wangchuck, created the expression Gross National Happiness in 1972 when he proclaimed, 'Gross National Happiness is more important than Gross Domestic Product'. Bhutan's economic and social policies have been inspired by the concept of Gross National Happiness (GNH) since then.

By using their accumulation of knowledge and resources to prepare for variations in climate.

Key Points

• Local communities can significantly contribute to adapting to climate change by leveraging their traditional knowledge, experiences, and resources.
• This involves understanding the specific vulnerabilities and risks their community faces due to climate change and implementing strategies to increase resilience and reduce those vulnerabilities.
• Actions might include modifying agricultural practices to adapt to changing weather patterns, conserving water, implementing sustainable land management practices, and utilizing early warning systems for extreme weather events.
• Engaging local communities in planning and decision-making processes ensures that adaptation strategies are culturally appropriate and address the community's unique needs and challenges.

The other options do not accurately capture how local communities can contribute to climate change adaptation:

Additional Information

• Option 1, "By relying exclusively on international aid," suggests a passive approach that underestimates the capacity of local communities to actively engage in adaptation efforts using their own resources and knowledge. While international aid can provide essential support, relying solely on it is not a sustainable strategy for adaptation.
• Option 3, "By moving to urban areas to reduce the pressure on rural environments," oversimplifies the complex dynamics of migration and its relationship with climate change. While urbanization trends are influenced by a variety of factors, including climate change, relocating entire communities is not a primary strategy for adapting to climate changes and can introduce new vulnerabilities.
• Option 4, "By resisting any changes to their traditional ways of living," misunderstands the necessity of adaptation. While preserving cultural heritage and traditional ways of living is important, adaptation often requires adjustments to these practices in light of the challenges posed by climate change. Communities can find ways to adapt while also respecting and integrating traditional knowledge and practices.

Prohibiting the use of all motor vehicles

Key Points

• Adapting to climate change involves practical measures to protect communities and ecosystems.
• The strategies for adaptation mentioned in various sources and expert recommendations often include improving infrastructure to withstand extreme weather events, implementing early warning systems to prepare for natural disasters, and enhancing resource management to ensure sustainability under changing conditions.
• Implementing early warning systems for extreme events helps communities prepare for and respond to natural disasters like hurricanes, floods, and droughts, thereby reducing potential damage and loss of life.
• Building flood-proof houses on stilts is a specific adaptation measure that can protect homes from floodwaters, common in areas increasingly prone to flooding due to climate change.
• Improving water management is essential for dealing with the variability in water supply that comes with changing rainfall patterns and extreme weather events, ensuring communities have access to clean water for drinking, agriculture, and sanitation.

Key Points

• Adaptation in the context of climate change refers to the adjustments in ecological, social, or economic systems in response to actual or expected climatic stimuli and their effects or impacts.
• It aims at reducing harm or exploiting beneficial opportunities associated with climate change. This could involve a wide range of actions, including but not limited to, developing drought-resistant crops, building sea walls to protect against rising sea levels, improving water storage and management systems, and designing buildings and infrastructure that can withstand extreme weather events.
• The primary goal of adaptation is to reduce vulnerability and increase resilience in the face of the inevitable impacts of climate change, recognizing that despite efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions (mitigation), some degree of climate change will continue to occur due to past and existing emissions.
• Adaptation measures are particularly crucial for developing countries, which are often more vulnerable to the impacts of climate change due to lesser economic, technological, and institutional capacities to cope with the adverse effects.

They play a vital role in regulating our climate by absorbing carbon dioxide.

Key Points

• Forests and oceans are critical in combating climate change primarily because they act as major carbon sinks.
• Forests absorb carbon dioxide (CO₂), a key greenhouse gas, through the process of photosynthesis, storing carbon in trees, plants, and soil.
• According to sources, healthy forests play a crucial role in mitigating climate change by acting as carbon sinks, absorbing billions of metric tonnes of CO₂ annually.
• However, when forests are degraded or deforested, not only is their capacity to absorb CO₂ reduced, but the carbon stored in trees is also released back into the atmosphere, exacerbating global warming.
• Similarly, oceans absorb a significant amount of the world's CO₂ from the atmosphere, with microscopic plants in the ocean's surface layer consuming vast amounts of CO₂ for photosynthesis, much like terrestrial forests.
• This process makes the ocean another critical carbon sink in the natural world's effort to regulate the global climate and combat climate change. The dissolved CO₂ is then circulated and stored in the deep ocean, potentially for hundreds of years, thus playing a vital role in controlling the concentration of CO₂ in the atmosphere and helping to regulate global climate patterns.

To reduce greenhouse gas emissions to zero as soon as possible.

Key Points

• The primary goal of the Paris Agreement signed by world leaders in 2015 is best represented by option 3: "To reduce greenhouse gas emissions to zero as soon as possible."
• The Paris Agreement is a legally binding international treaty on climate change. It was adopted by 196 countries at the climate change conference in Paris in 2015 (known as COP 21).
• The main goal of the agreement is to cut global greenhouse gas emissions with the aim of limiting the increase in global temperatures as much as possible to 1.5 degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels, while also pursuing efforts to limit temperature increase even further to below 2 degrees Celsius. This is critical to avoid the most catastrophic impacts of climate change.
• The Agreement sets out a global framework to avoid dangerous climate change by limiting global warming to well below 2 degrees Celsius and pursuing efforts to limit it to 1.5 degrees Celsius. It also aims to strengthen countries' ability to deal with the impacts of climate change and support them in their efforts.
• Furthermore, to achieve these long-term temperature goals, the Agreement calls for global greenhouse gas emissions to peak as soon as possible, recognizing that this will take longer for developing countries. After peaking, rapid reductions should follow according to best available science, to achieve a balance between anthropogenic emissions by sources and removals by sinks of greenhouse gases in the second half of this century.

North-East to South-West

Key Points

• The Indira Gandhi Canal, originally known as the Rajasthan Canal, starts at the Harike Barrage near Harike, at the confluence of the Satluj and Beas rivers in Punjab, and extends into the Thar Desert in Rajasthan.
• Its general direction, considering its starting point in the north at Harike and its progression into Rajasthan towards its terminus, is predominantly from the North-East to the South-West.

Therefore, the correct answer is:

Option 4) North-East to South-West

The Indira Gandhi Canal, formerly known as the Rajasthan Canal, is one of the largest canal projects in India and plays a crucial role in the irrigation and drinking water supply in the desert areas of Rajasthan. The main canal and its network extend across several districts in Rajasthan, playing a pivotal role in transforming the landscape and aiding in agriculture in a region otherwise known for its arid conditions.

Key Points

Ganganagar
Yes, the Indira Gandhi Canal passes through Ganganagar district. Sri Ganganagar district is actually one of the primary beneficiaries of this canal project. The region has seen a significant transformation in agriculture due to the irrigation facilities provided by the canal.

Bikaner
Yes, the main canal of the Indira Gandhi Canal system passes through Bikaner district as well. Bikaner, being part of the desert region, relies on the canal for both irrigation and potable water.

Jaisalmer
The Indira Gandhi Canal pass through Jaisalmer district. The canal directly go through it.

The Indira Gandhi Canal Project is divided into multiple stages, focusing on different areas for irrigation and water supply purposes within the state of Rajasthan and beyond. Stage I primarily targeted areas closer to the Punjab border, while Stage II aimed to extend the benefits further into the arid zones of Rajasthan.

Key PointsStage II Areas:
Bikaner: Yes, Bikaner is one of the districts involved in Stage II of the Indira Gandhi Canal project. The canal's extension into this area has significantly impacted agriculture and water availability.

Barmer: Barmer is indeed part of Stage II of the Indira Gandhi Canal project. Despite not being on the main canal route, Stage II extensions and branches reach this district, aiding in its development and providing much-needed water resources.

Jaisalmer: Jaisalmer, similar to Barmer, falls under Stage II of the project. The canal network's expansion into this district was aimed at improving water availability for both irrigation and drinking purposes

Right side of the main canal

Key Points

• The gravity flow of canal water depends on the topographical features and slope of the land in the command area served by the canal.
• Gravity flow irrigation systems utilize the natural slope of the terrain to distribute water, meaning the actual direction or side could vary based on the specific geography of the region in question.

Gravity flow of canal water is majorly found in which one of the Right side of the main canal

Key Points

To arrange the given districts of Rajasthan from north to south:

• Ganganagar is the northernmost among the listed districts.
• Bikaner is south of Ganganagar.
• Jaisalmer lies to the south and west of Bikaner but is predominantly west.
• Barmer is the southernmost among these options, lying to the south of Jaisalmer.

Therefore, the correct order from north to south is:
Ganganagar (D)
Bikaner (A)
Jaisalmer (C)
Barmer (B)

The age-sex structure of a population refers to the number of females and males in different age groups. A population pyramid is used to show the age-sex structure of the population. The shape of the population pyramid reflects the characteristics of the population. The left side shows the percentage of population of males, while the right side shows the percentage of population of women in each age group.

The age-sex structure of a population refers to the number of females and males in different age groups. A population pyramid is used to show the age-sex structure of the population. The Japan pyramid has a narrow base and a tapered top showing low birth and death rates. The population growth in developed countries is usually zero or negative. Australia's age-sex pyramid is bell shaped and tapered towards the top. This shows birth and death rates are almost equal leading to a near constant population. Thus, both the statements are incorrect.

The running water cuts through the clayey soils and makes deep channels as gullies. The land becomes unfit for cultivation and is known as bad land. So, we can say bad land is terrain that has become unsuited for cultivation.

The term cognitive development refers to the process of growth and change in intellectual/mental abilities such as thinking, imagination, memorisation, learning, reasoning, and making decisions. It includes the acquisition and consolidation of knowledge.

Transhumance is the action or practice of moving livestock from one grazing ground to another in a seasonal cycle, typically to lowlands in winter and highlands in summer. Transhumance is practiced in those parts of the world where there are mountains, highlands, or other areas that are too cold to be inhabited and utilized for grazing except in summer. An extreme form of transhumance is that of the Kohistanis of the Swāt area of Pakistan, who range between altitudes of 2,000 and 14,000 feet (600 and 4,300 m).

Transhumance is the action or practice of moving livestock from one grazing ground to another in a seasonal cycle, typically to lowlands in winter and highlands in summer. Transhumance is practiced in those parts of the world where there are mountains, highlands, or other areas that are too cold to be inhabited and utilized for grazing except in summer. An extreme form of transhumance is that of the Kohistanis of the Swāt area of Pakistan, who range between altitudes of 2,000 and 14,000 feet (600 and 4,300 m).

India produces about 19.5 percent of the total groundnut production in the world (2017). It is largely a rainfed kharif crop of dry lands. But, in southern India, it is cultivated during rabi season as well. It covers about 3.6 percent of total cropped area in the country. Gujarat, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Telangana, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka and Maharashtra are the leading producers. Yield of groundnut is comparatively high in Tamil Nadu, where it is partly irrigated, but its yield is low in Telangana, Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka.Hence, it is the correct answer.

An increase in the population is believed to negatively affect the forest ecosystem. Due to an increase in the population, the requirements for housing and shelter would increase. Since the land available for settlements is limited, land of the forests would be encroached upon to meet the demand for housing. Option 2 is incorrect as it does not highlight this idea. Options 3 and 4 cannot be inferred as negative effects.

As a result of receiving training for a particular set of skills, the most direct and immediate impact would be an increase in productivity. Options 2 and 4 are not direct impacts. These are not dependent on the skills being enhanced through training. Option 3 is a contrary statement, thus incorrect. Only option 1 specifies a result that will be achieved because of better training.

Mumbai is a natural harbour and the biggest port of India. The port is situated close to the general routes from the countries of Middle East, Mediterranean countries, North Africa, North America and Europe where a major share of the country's overseas trade is carried out. The port is 20 km long and 6-10 km wide with 54 berths and has the country's largest oil terminal. M.P., Maharashtra, Gujarat, U.P. and parts of Rajasthan constitute the main hinterlands of Mumbai port.

The first public railway line was opened in 1825 between Stockton and Darlington in northern England and then onwards, railways became the most popular and fastest form of transport in the nineteenth century.

There are 5 stages in the demographic transition model.

Stage 1: Death rates and birth rates are high and are roughly in balance, a common condition of a pre-industrial society. Population growth is very slow, influenced in part by the availability of food.
Stage 2: This is the "developing country" phase. Death rates drop rapidly due to improvements in food supply and sanitation, which increases life spans and reduces disease. Without a corresponding fall in birth rates, countries in this stage experience a large increase in population.
Stage 3: Birth rates fall due to access to contraception, increase in wages, urbanisation, an increase in the status and education of women, and other social changes. Population growth begins to level off.
Stage 4: Birth rates and death rates are both low in this stage. People born during stage 2 are now beginning to age and require the support of a dwindling working population. Birth rates may drop below replacement level, considered to be two children per family. This leads to a shrinking population. Death rates may remain consistently low, or they may increase slightly.

Some theorists include a fifth stage in which fertility rates begin to transition again to either above or below that which is necessary to replace the percentage of the population that is lost to death. Some say fertility levels decrease during this stage, while others hypothesize that they increase. Rates are expected to increase population in Mexico, India and the U.S. in the 21st century, and to decrease population in Australia and China.

India has the second-largest road network in the world, spanning a total of 5.89 million kilometres. This road network transports 64.5% of all goods in the country, and 90% of India's total passenger traffic uses road network to commute.

The theory of demographic transition deals with transition from high to low birth rates and death rates.The first stage of demographic transition is characterised by high birth rates and high death rates.The first stage of demographic transition was experienced in India, during the period of 1891-1921.
The second stage of demographic transition is characterised with population explosion. Population explosion refers to the situation when population increases due to high birth rate and low death rate.
In the third stage of demographic transition, the birth as well as the death rates decline.

Environmental determinism (also known as climatic determinism or geographical determinism) is the study of how the physical environment predisposes societies and states towards particular development trajectories. Eskimos refer to the communities inhabiting the regions of Siberia and Alaska. The environment there has led these communities to make shelters (igloos) of ice. Thus, environment has played a 'determining' role in the cultural and societal habits of the Eskimos.

Since Raman is a small farmer, it is unlikely that he has the working capital to procure modern farm inputs. Also, he cannot practice farming at a large scale because of limitations of capital, labour and land. Thus, there may be no surplus to sell in the market. Due to small pieces of land and shortage of financial resources, it is unlikely that Raman would hire labourers to work on his farm(s). Thus, options A, B and C are incorrect. Only option D, which corresponds logically with the fact that Raman is a small farmer, is correct.

National Highway 44 (NH 44) is a major north-south National Highway in India, the longest in the country. It passes through the union territory of Jammu and Kashmir, in addition to the states of Punjab, Haryana, Delhi, Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Telangana, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, and Tamil Nadu. National Highway 44 has a length of 3,745 km running from Srinagar in the north to Kanyakumari in the south.

Primitive subsistence agriculture or shifting cultivation is widely practised by many tribes in the tropics, especially in Africa, south and central America and south east Asia. The vegetation is usually cleared by fire, and the ashes add to the fertility of the soil. Shifting cultivation is, thus also called slash and burn agriculture.

The 7,050 km long Trans-Canadian rail-line in Canada runs from Halifax in the east to Vancouver on the Pacific Coast passing through Montreal, Ottawa, Winnipeg and Calgary. It was constructed in 1886, initially as part of an agreement to make British Columbia on the west coast join the Federation of States.