Geography: CUET Mock Test - 9 - Humanities/Arts MCQ

The fourth King of Bhutan, King Jigme Singye Wangchuck, created the expression Gross National Happiness in 1972 when he proclaimed, 'Gross National Happiness is more important than Gross Domestic Product'. Bhutan's economic and social policies have been inspired by the concept of Gross National Happiness (GNH) since then.

The age-sex structure of a population refers to the number of females and males in different age groups. A population pyramid is used to show the age-sex structure of the population. The shape of the population pyramid reflects the characteristics of the population. The left side shows the percentage of population of males, while the right side shows the percentage of population of women in each age group.

The age-sex structure of a population refers to the number of females and males in different age groups. A population pyramid is used to show the age-sex structure of the population. The Japan pyramid has a narrow base and a tapered top showing low birth and death rates. The population growth in developed countries is usually zero or negative. Australia's age-sex pyramid is bell shaped and tapered towards the top. This shows birth and death rates are almost equal leading to a near constant population. Thus, both the statements are incorrect.

The running water cuts through the clayey soils and makes deep channels as gullies. The land becomes unfit for cultivation and is known as bad land. So, we can say bad land is terrain that has become unsuited for cultivation.

The term cognitive development refers to the process of growth and change in intellectual/mental abilities such as thinking, imagination, memorisation, learning, reasoning, and making decisions. It includes the acquisition and consolidation of knowledge.

Transhumance is the action or practice of moving livestock from one grazing ground to another in a seasonal cycle, typically to lowlands in winter and highlands in summer. Transhumance is practiced in those parts of the world where there are mountains, highlands, or other areas that are too cold to be inhabited and utilized for grazing except in summer. An extreme form of transhumance is that of the Kohistanis of the Swāt area of Pakistan, who range between altitudes of 2,000 and 14,000 feet (600 and 4,300 m).

Transhumance is the action or practice of moving livestock from one grazing ground to another in a seasonal cycle, typically to lowlands in winter and highlands in summer. Transhumance is practiced in those parts of the world where there are mountains, highlands, or other areas that are too cold to be inhabited and utilized for grazing except in summer. An extreme form of transhumance is that of the Kohistanis of the Swāt area of Pakistan, who range between altitudes of 2,000 and 14,000 feet (600 and 4,300 m).

India produces about 19.5 percent of the total groundnut production in the world (2017). It is largely a rainfed kharif crop of dry lands. But, in southern India, it is cultivated during rabi season as well. It covers about 3.6 percent of total cropped area in the country. Gujarat, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Telangana, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka and Maharashtra are the leading producers. Yield of groundnut is comparatively high in Tamil Nadu, where it is partly irrigated, but its yield is low in Telangana, Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka.Hence, it is the correct answer.

An increase in the population is believed to negatively affect the forest ecosystem. Due to an increase in the population, the requirements for housing and shelter would increase. Since the land available for settlements is limited, land of the forests would be encroached upon to meet the demand for housing. Option 2 is incorrect as it does not highlight this idea. Options 3 and 4 cannot be inferred as negative effects.

As a result of receiving training for a particular set of skills, the most direct and immediate impact would be an increase in productivity. Options 2 and 4 are not direct impacts. These are not dependent on the skills being enhanced through training. Option 3 is a contrary statement, thus incorrect. Only option 1 specifies a result that will be achieved because of better training.

Mumbai is a natural harbour and the biggest port of India. The port is situated close to the general routes from the countries of Middle East, Mediterranean countries, North Africa, North America and Europe where a major share of the country's overseas trade is carried out. The port is 20 km long and 6-10 km wide with 54 berths and has the country's largest oil terminal. M.P., Maharashtra, Gujarat, U.P. and parts of Rajasthan constitute the main hinterlands of Mumbai port.

The first public railway line was opened in 1825 between Stockton and Darlington in northern England and then onwards, railways became the most popular and fastest form of transport in the nineteenth century.

There are 5 stages in the demographic transition model.

Stage 1: Death rates and birth rates are high and are roughly in balance, a common condition of a pre-industrial society. Population growth is very slow, influenced in part by the availability of food.
Stage 2: This is the "developing country" phase. Death rates drop rapidly due to improvements in food supply and sanitation, which increases life spans and reduces disease. Without a corresponding fall in birth rates, countries in this stage experience a large increase in population.
Stage 3: Birth rates fall due to access to contraception, increase in wages, urbanisation, an increase in the status and education of women, and other social changes. Population growth begins to level off.
Stage 4: Birth rates and death rates are both low in this stage. People born during stage 2 are now beginning to age and require the support of a dwindling working population. Birth rates may drop below replacement level, considered to be two children per family. This leads to a shrinking population. Death rates may remain consistently low, or they may increase slightly.

Some theorists include a fifth stage in which fertility rates begin to transition again to either above or below that which is necessary to replace the percentage of the population that is lost to death. Some say fertility levels decrease during this stage, while others hypothesize that they increase. Rates are expected to increase population in Mexico, India and the U.S. in the 21st century, and to decrease population in Australia and China.

India has the second-largest road network in the world, spanning a total of 5.89 million kilometres. This road network transports 64.5% of all goods in the country, and 90% of India's total passenger traffic uses road network to commute.

The theory of demographic transition deals with transition from high to low birth rates and death rates.The first stage of demographic transition is characterised by high birth rates and high death rates.The first stage of demographic transition was experienced in India, during the period of 1891-1921.
The second stage of demographic transition is characterised with population explosion. Population explosion refers to the situation when population increases due to high birth rate and low death rate.
In the third stage of demographic transition, the birth as well as the death rates decline.

Environmental determinism (also known as climatic determinism or geographical determinism) is the study of how the physical environment predisposes societies and states towards particular development trajectories. Eskimos refer to the communities inhabiting the regions of Siberia and Alaska. The environment there has led these communities to make shelters (igloos) of ice. Thus, environment has played a 'determining' role in the cultural and societal habits of the Eskimos.

Since Raman is a small farmer, it is unlikely that he has the working capital to procure modern farm inputs. Also, he cannot practice farming at a large scale because of limitations of capital, labour and land. Thus, there may be no surplus to sell in the market. Due to small pieces of land and shortage of financial resources, it is unlikely that Raman would hire labourers to work on his farm(s). Thus, options A, B and C are incorrect. Only option D, which corresponds logically with the fact that Raman is a small farmer, is correct.

National Highway 44 (NH 44) is a major north-south National Highway in India, the longest in the country. It passes through the union territory of Jammu and Kashmir, in addition to the states of Punjab, Haryana, Delhi, Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Telangana, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, and Tamil Nadu. National Highway 44 has a length of 3,745 km running from Srinagar in the north to Kanyakumari in the south.

Primitive subsistence agriculture or shifting cultivation is widely practised by many tribes in the tropics, especially in Africa, south and central America and south east Asia. The vegetation is usually cleared by fire, and the ashes add to the fertility of the soil. Shifting cultivation is, thus also called slash and burn agriculture.

The 7,050 km long Trans-Canadian rail-line in Canada runs from Halifax in the east to Vancouver on the Pacific Coast passing through Montreal, Ottawa, Winnipeg and Calgary. It was constructed in 1886, initially as part of an agreement to make British Columbia on the west coast join the Federation of States.

The Correct Answer is Mixed cropping. 

• Mixed cropping refers to growing of two or more crops simultaneously either by mixing seeds or sowing component crop separately without any definite row arrangements.
• Intercropping, on the other hand, is a way of cultivating crops in which two or more crops simultaneously either by mixing seeds or sowing component crop separately with definite row arrangements.
• Crop rotation is the practice of growing a series of different types of crops in the same area but different seasons.
• It reduces reliance on one set of nutrients, pest and weed pressure, and the probability of developing resistant pests and weeds.
• Intercropping is growing two or more crops simultaneously in a one season.
• Mixed farming is a type of farming that involves both the growing of crops and the raising of livestock.

The correct answer is the Tata Iron and Steel Company.

Tata Iron and Steel Company 

• The first and one of the largest manufacturing plants in Asia is Tata Iron and Steel Company, also known as TISCO.
• Tata iron and steel Company is situated in Jharkhand which was founded by Jamsetji Tata in 1907 and is the oldest steel plant in India.
• Tata Iron and Steel Company or TISCO is the first iron and steel manufacturing plant in India which was founded and established by Jamsetji Tata and Dorabji Tata respectively on 26th August 1907 at Jamshedpur, Jharkhand.
• Tata iron and steel Company started production of pig iron in the year 1911 and production of steel in the year 1912.
• Tata iron and steel Company made rapid progress during the First World War and by 1939, the largest steel plant was operated by Tata iron and steel Company within the British Empire.
• The establishment of Tata Iron and Steel Company at Jamshedpur includes various advantages like it is near to deposits of coal and manganese, iron ores, and even to Kolkata which provided a large market.
• An adequate water supply is ensured by the rivers Kharkai and Subarnarekha.
• The headquarters of Tata iron and steel company is in Mumbai, Maharashtra and its marketing headquarters are situated in Kolkata and West Bengal.

Demographic transition is a model used to represent the transition from high birth and death rates to low birth and death rates as a country or a region. Demography is the study of how human population changes. The changes occur due to births, deaths, immigration, emigration, and natural ageing.

Mortality means death. The UN principles of the Vital Statistical System, 1950 defined death as the permanent disappearance of all evidence of life at any time after birth has taken place. Death does not include abortion and stillbirth. 

• The death rate has declined over the decades. Various factors, like the increasing level of literacy, urbanization, eradication of epidemics, besides the improved provision of healthcare facilities in urban, as well as rural areas in India, have resulted in a decline in death rates over a period of time. 
• With the spread of education in general and health education in particular, people are becoming health conscious. Moreover, advertisement of health messages on TV and radio has promoted education among people. All these have brought down death rates.
• The status of women in society has been improving. It is the women who take care of the health of their children and family. As women’s education is scaling up day by day, it has helped to reduce the death rate

• Agriculture comes under the primary sector of economic activity.
• The primary sector includes the production and extraction of raw materials.
• The other activities which are related to this sector are mining, forestry, grazing, farming, hunting, fishing, quarrying, and gathering.
• The other three sectors of the economy include secondary, tertiary, and quaternary.

Rice and wheat are the major food crops of India

• Rice is the main food grain of India. The country ranks second in the world in terms of rice production.
• Wheat is the second most important food grain cultivated in India. It also ranks second in the whole world in the production of wheat.
• In India, rice is grown in the eastern and western coastline regions, northeastern India and in the drainage basin of the Ganges River.
• Wheat in India is grown in areas where the average rainfall is 75 cm. The area should also have productive soil.
• Rice is grown in about 34% of the total cropped area of ​​the country. Rice production accounts for 42% of the total food crop production in the country.

The effect of irrigation is seen negatively on the human environment that project architecture cannot mix with the region.

Industries based on raw materials are divided into:

• agro-based industries;
• mineral industries;
• forest-based industries; and
• marine-based industries
• Agro-based industry uses plant and animal-based products as their raw materials.
• Food processing, oil, cotton textiles, dairy products and leather industries are examples of agro-based industries.
• Manufacturing fish oil and processing seafood are examples of marine based industries.

 Thus, we can say that the Fish Oil manufacturing industry is not an agro-based industry.

• The economic activities are divided into three sectors - primary, secondary, tertiary on the basis of the nature of economic activity
• The three-sector theory is an economic theory which divided into three sectors activity: extraction of raw material (Primary), manufacturing (Secondary) and services (Tertiary).

International Trade:

• The exchange of goods among people, states, and countries is referred to as a trade.
• The market is the place where such exchanges take place.
• Trade between two countries is called international trade.
• It may take place through the sea, air, or land routes.
• While local trade is carried in cities, towns, and villages, state-level trade is carried between two or more states.
• The advancement of international trade of a country is an index to its economic prosperity.
• It is, therefore, considered the economic barometer for a country.

The correct answer is ​Lead.

• Non-ferrous metals are metals or alloys that do not contain iron in appreciable amounts.
• Non-ferrous metals are used because of desirable properties such as low weight (e.g. Aluminium), higher conductivity (e.g. copper), non-magnetic property or resistance to corrosion (e.g. zinc).
• Some non-ferrous materials are also used in the iron and steel industries.
• For example, bauxite is used as a flux for blast furnaces, while others such as wolframite, pyrolusite and chromite are used in making ferrous alloys.
• India’s reserves and production of non-ferrous minerals are not very satisfactory.
• However, these minerals, which include copper, bauxite, lead, zinc and gold play a vital role in a number of metallurgical, engineering and electrical industries. 

Lead:

• Lead has a low melting point and low tensile strength.
• It is typically used in electrical power cables, batteries and soldering.