UPSC EPFO Mock Test - 6 - UPSC MCQ

Implementation of Co-operation in Industrial Relations

• Co-operation in Industrial Relations is a concept that aims to promote healthy relationships between employers and employees in an industrial setting. This is achieved through different strategies and mechanisms, which include:

A: Works Committee

• The Works Committee provides a platform for workers and management to discuss common issues related to the workplace. It is a statutory body that consists of representatives from both employers and employees. The main aim of the Works Committee is to smoothen the communication between the two sides and to resolve disputes before they escalate.

B: Joint Management Councils

• Joint Management Councils are another strategy to implement co-operation in Industrial Relations. These councils also consist of representatives from both management and workers. They usually discuss and decide on issues related to workplace welfare, efficiency, productivity, and work conditions. They also aim to promote mutual understanding and co-operation between employers and employees.

C: Workers’ representatives on the Board of Directors

• Having Workers’ representatives on the Board of Directors is another way to ensure co-operation in Industrial Relations. This strategy allows for the workers to have a say in the decision-making process of the company. It ensures that the interests of the workers are taken into account when making important decisions. This not only promotes a sense of ownership among the workers but also helps in resolving disputes in a harmonious manner.

Affective happiness captures the day-to-day joy of friendship, time with family and sex, or the downsides of long work commutes and sessions with one's boss. Evaluative happiness measures very different dimensions of life, those that lead to overall satisfaction or frustration with one's place in society.

Every time we have related data, information, or records, we gather them together, combine them, store them in a single location, and give the collection a name that is known as a file.

Provision for bad debts is a liability for the business and is not any reserve.

Concept of Means Test:

• The 'means test' is a method used by government agencies and other organizations to determine whether an individual or a family is eligible to receive certain types of financial aid or social assistance. It assesses the financial resources of the person or family applying for the assistance.

Use in Social Assistance:

• In the context of social assistance, the means test often involves a detailed look at the applicant's income, assets, expenses, and overall financial situation. Based on this information, the agency determines whether the applicant has the 'means' to do without the assistance or whether they are genuinely in need of it.

Application Process:

• The means test is used in various types of social assistance programs, including welfare programs, subsidized housing, medical assistance, and more. The applicant may have to provide detailed financial information as part of the application process for these programs.

Purpose:

• The purpose of the means test in social assistance is to ensure that the limited resources available for these programs are directed towards those who are most in need. By implementing the means test, the agencies can prevent the misuse of social assistance funds.

Limitations:

• While the means test is a useful tool for determining eligibility for social assistance, it also has its limitations. For instance, it may not take into account the specific circumstances of each individual or family, such as unexpected expenses or sudden changes in financial situations.

B: Computer Dr. 11,500; Bad-debts Dr. 13,500; To A 25,000

In this scenario, 'B' has received a computer from 'A' in full settlement of a debt owed by 'A'. The journal entry to record this transaction in the books of 'B' would be as follows:

Debit: Computer (Asset) 11,500 Debit: Bad-debts (Expense) 13,500 Credit: A (Accounts Receivable) 25,000

The debit entries in this journal entry increase the value of the computer asset and the bad-debts expense, while the credit entry reduces the amount owed by 'A' to 'B'.

Option A is incorrect because it does not account for the fact that the computer was received in full settlement of a debt. Option C is incorrect because it does not account for the fact that 'A' has become insolvent and is unable to pay the full amount of the debt. Option D is incorrect because it does not account for the fact that the computer was received in full settlement of a debt and separates the value of the computer and the bad-debts into separate accounts.

It is important to accurately record transactions in the books of a business to ensure the accuracy and integrity of financial statements and to provide a clear and complete record of the financial position and performance of the business.

let the grass grow under his feet: to waste time by doing nothing.

loitered around​: To waste time being idle; to spend time doing little or nothing.

The principal advantage of having a clear cut objective of business is that it does not derail; the enterprise does not stray from the direct route.

The Arctic sea ice is crucial to polar bears’ survival as they use it not only to hunt seals — their chief food — but also for travelling, mating and resting. However, with rising global temperatures, the sea ice is breaking earlier in summer and refreezing later in winter, due to which polar bears get less time to hunt and have to stay hungry for longer and travel greater distances.

This extra need for energy coupled with a lack of food can result in body deterioration and a drop in the average weight of adult bears.

Importance of polar bears

• Polar bears are one of the most significant predators in the Arctic region and they keep biological populations in balance. The big kills made by them serve as a food resource for scavengers like Arctic foxes and Arctic birds. If polar bears aren’t able to hunt animals like seals, it can severely impact the food chain and health of the ecosystem.
• Researchers have also found that once polar bears can’t find seals to eat, they would quickly move to kill and survive on other creatures in the Arctic region. This would threaten the existence of species like the Arctic fox or the walrus. Moreover, it might also cause the overpopulation of seals, which could endanger the existence of crustaceans and fish that are an important food source for local human populations as well as other Arctic wildlife.

CI = P [(1+(r/100) – 1] = 4500[(1+2/100)⁴ – 1
= 4500[(102*102*102*102/100*100*100*100) – 1] = 4500[1.082 – 1] = 4500*0.082 = 369

• Separating them from influence of Executive: High Courts should be independent from the influence of the Executive branch to ensure impartiality and fairness in their judgments.



• Giving them authority to appoint their own staff: High Courts should have the authority to appoint their own staff to ensure that they are not influenced by external factors and can function efficiently.



• Banning their practice after retirement: Banning the practice of judges after retirement helps in preventing any conflicts of interest and ensures that they do not misuse their position for personal gain.



• Giving the court the power to punish for its contempt: High Courts need to have the power to punish for contempt to maintain the dignity and authority of the court and to prevent any obstruction in the administration of justice.

Therefore, all of the above factors are necessary to provide independence to the High Courts.

• In 1945, yet another plan was formulated by the radical humanist leader M.N. Roy, Chairman of the Post-War Reconstruction Committee of Indian Trade Union.

• The plan was based on Marxist socialism and advocated the need for providing the people with the necessities of life. Agricultural and industrial sectors, both were equally highlighted by the plan.

The statement "I.L.O passes only recommendations" is not correct. While the International Labour Organization (ILO) does indeed pass recommendations, they also create and pass conventions.

• The ILO creates international labor standards in the form of Conventions and Recommendations. Conventions are international treaties and become legally binding for countries that ratify them.
• Recommendations, on the other hand, serve as non-binding guidelines. They set out principles and guidelines for action in a particular field of labor law or policy.

Explanation for the Correct Statements

• he ILO is a tripartite body. This means that it is composed of representatives from three groups: governments, employers, and workers. This unique structure ensures that all three groups have a voice in shaping policies and programs.
• The ILO was indeed established in 1919, as part of the Treaty of Versailles that ended World War I. The organization was created to promote social justice and internationally recognized human and labor rights.
• ILO conventions are mandatory for those countries which ratify them. By ratifying a convention, a country accepts it as a legally binding instrument and commits to implementing its provisions in national law and practice.

The formula is = 27 - no. of the alphabet on which it is placed. = the answer

27 - 20(T) = 7(G)

Similarly the whole word will be done like this 

Also 

27 - (P)16 = 11 (K)

27 - (E)5  = 22(V)

And so on...

The shop owner gives discount due early payment and it is a cash transaction so it is recorded in cash book.

Open market operations are defined as the sale and purchase of government securities to control the money supply. They are usually done on an overnight basis

Capital Account includes FDI, borrowing, quota to imf, external bonds issued gifts and donations come under current account.

The statutory liquidity ratio (SLR) is the ratio (fixed by the RBI) of the total deposits of a bank which is to be maintained by the bank with itself in cash or non-cash form prescribed by the government to be in the range of 18 to 40 per cent.

Important Points

• FINANCIAL EMERGENCY
• Article 360 empowers the president to proclaim a Financial Emergency if he is satisfied that a situation has arisen due to which the financial stability or credit of India or any part of its territory is threatened.
• A proclamation declaring financial emergency must be approved by both the Houses of Parliament within two months from the date of its issue.
• However, if the proclamation of Financial Emergency is issued at a time when the Lok Sabha has been dissolved or the dissolution of the Lok Sabha takes place during the period of two months without approving the proclamation, then the proclamation survives until 30 days from the first sitting of the Lok Sabha after its reconstitution, provided the Rajya Sabha has in the meantime approved it.
• Once approved by both the Houses of Parliament, the Financial Emergency continues indefinitely till it is revoked
• A proclamation of Financial Emergency may be revoked by the president at any time by a subsequent proclamation.
• Such a proclamation does not require parliamentary approval.

Hence the correct option is 'D'.

The first antibiotic was discovered by Alexander Fleming from the fungus Penicilliumnotatum in 1928.

Revenue from operations can be defined as the income generated by an entity from its daily core business operations. If the entity is able to generate a steady flow of income from its operations, it is said to have been running successfully. It is also called operating revenue. So basically revenue from operations means sales of the business

► a few (Det.): a small number of things; some.
► few (Det., Adj.): not many
► Here, "lend me a few rupees" is the right usage.

The International Labour Organization (ILO) is a United Nations agency that sets international labor standards and promotes rights at work. It brings together governments, employers, and workers of its member states in the spirit of tripartism to set labor standards, develop policies, and devise programs.

• The ILO structure is tripartite, meaning it incorporates representatives from three groups: government, employer, and worker delegates. This unique structure ensures that the views and interests of these three groups are equally represented.
• The Standing Labour Committee (SLC) in India also follows a similar tripartite structure. It is a forum where policies relating to labor and employment are discussed and debated. The committee comprises representatives from the government, employers, and workers.
• The SLC includes the Labour Minister as its chairman, the Secretary of the Labour Ministry as its vice-chairman, five representatives from the Central Government, nine representatives from the State Government, and representatives of employers and employees in equal numbers.
• Both the ILO and SLC aim to promote social justice and internationally recognized human and labor rights. They both work towards creating policies conducive to maintaining a fair work environment and protecting labor rights.
• Both organizations are platforms for open discussions and negotiations on labor-related issues. They involve all the stakeholders in the decision-making process, ensuring balanced and fair outcomes.

First person speed = 25 m/s * 18/5 = 90 kmph
Second person speed = 35 m/s * 18/5 = 126 kmph
First person covers 90 * 10 = 900km
900/450 = 2

It shall be the duty of the chief minister to communicate to the governor of the state all decisions of the Council of Ministers relating to the administration of the affairs of the state - it comes under Article 167.

The wealthy men employed steward to manage their property; the steward in return rendered an account periodically of their stewardship. Thus 'Stewardship Accounting' was the root of financial accounting system.

Network communication between applications is established and maintained according to the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) standard.

The Bureau of Public Enterprises (BPE) is a body that falls under the Indian government's Department of Public Enterprises (DPE) within the Ministry of Heavy Industries and Public Enterprises. It has a direct relationship with Central Public Sector Undertakings (CPSUs), also known as Central Public Sector Enterprises (CPSEs) in several ways:

• Policy Framework: The BPE provides a broad policy framework and guidelines for these Central Public Sector Undertakings. It helps in establishing the general strategic direction and performance objectives for these enterprises.
• Performance Appraisal: The BPE is involved in the performance appraisal of the CPSUs. It evaluates their performance based on various parameters like operational efficiency, financial management, and implementation of government policies.
• Advisory Role: The BPE also plays an advisory role to the CPSUs. It provides advice and guidance on various operational and administrative issues. This includes advice on modernization, upgradation of technology, and human resources management.
• Restructuring and Revival: The BPE is involved in the restructuring and revival of sick and loss-making CPSUs. It works out revival plans and assists in their implementation to make these enterprises profitable and efficient.
• Disinvestment: The BPE also plays a role in the disinvestment process of CPSUs. It assists the government in selling its stakes in these enterprises to private entities.

• Madras, Mahajan Sabha, and Bombay Presidency Association: These organizations were mainly focused on criticizing important administrative and legislative measures during the colonial period in India.


• Founded:
  
  
  
  • Madras: The Madras Mahajan Sabha was founded in 1884.
  
  
  • Mahajan Sabha: The Mahajan Sabha was founded in 1885.
  
  
  • Bombay Presidency Association: The Bombay Presidency Association was founded in 1885.
  
  
  
  


• Objectives:
  
  
  
  • The main objective of these organizations was to criticize the administrative and legislative measures imposed by the British colonial government.
  
  
  • They aimed to create awareness among the Indian population about the unjust policies and laws implemented by the British authorities.
  
  
  • They also worked towards advocating for the rights and interests of the Indian people and promoting self-governance.
  
  
  
  


• Impact:
  
  
  
  • These organizations played a significant role in mobilizing public opinion against oppressive colonial policies.
  
  
  • They paved the way for the rise of the Indian National Congress and other nationalist movements that eventually led to India's independence from British rule.
  
  
  
  

• Concession bargaining is a type of negotiation between an employer and labor union where the union agrees to give up previously won benefits. This can include reduced wages, less vacation time, longer working hours, or anything else that is less favorable to the employees.
• Typically, concession bargaining occurs when a company is in financial distress and needs to cut costs to remain solvent. The union may agree to these concessions to avoid layoffs or the closure of the business.
• Therefore, in concession bargaining, workers may lose something they had previously gained in order to help the company survive. It is a type of collective bargaining where workers may end up with less than they had before the negotiations.

Other Types of Collective Bargaining

• Although the other types of collective bargaining listed (Coalition Bargaining and Productivity Bargaining) may sometimes result in less favorable conditions for workers, they are not inherently designed to make workers lose something. Therefore, they are not the correct answer to this question.
• Coalition Bargaining involves multiple unions negotiating together with an employer. The goal is to achieve more favorable terms for workers by combining their bargaining power.
• Productivity Bargaining is a negotiation where workers agree to increase their productivity in exchange for higher pay or other benefits. While this may result in harder work for the employees, it is not designed to make them lose previously won benefits.