While many points are worth making in an evaluation of the single sixyear presidential term, one of the most telling points against the single term has not been advanced. This kind of constitutional limitation on elections is generally a product of systems with weak or non-existent political parties.
Since there is no party continuity or corporate party integrity in such systems, there is no basis for putting trust in the desire for re-election as a safeguard against mismanagement in the executive branch. Better under those conditions to operate on the basis of negative assumptions against incumbents. I do not know if the earliest proposal for a single, nonrepeatable term was made in the 1820s because that was a period of severely weak political parties. But I do feel confident that this is a major reason, if not the only reason, that such a proposal has been popular since the 1940s.
Though the association of the non-repeatable election with weak political parties is not in itself an argument against the limitation, the fallout from this association does contribute significantly to the negative argument. Single-term limitations are strongly associated with corruption. In any weak party system, including the presidential system, the onus of making deals and compromises, both shady and honourable, rests heavily upon individual candidates. Without some semblance of corporate integrity in a party, individual candidates have few opportunities to amortize their obligations across the spectrum of elective and appointive jobs and policy proposals.
The deals tend to be personalized and the payoffs come home to roost accordingly. If that situation is already endemic in conditions of weak or nonexistent parties, adding to it the limitation against re-election means that candidates and officials, already prevented from amortizing their deals across space, are also unable to amortize their obligations temporally. This makes for a highly beleaguered situation. The single six-year term for presidents is an effort to compensate for the absence of a viable party system, but it is a compensation ultimately paid for by further weakening the party system itself.
Observers, especially foreign observers, have often noted that one source of weakness in American political parties is the certainty of election every two or four years, not only because any artificial limitation on elections is a violation of democratic principles but also because when elections are set in a certain and unchangeable cycle, political parties do not have to remain alert but can disappear into inactivity until a known point prior to the next election. To rigidify matters by going beyond the determinacy of the electoral cycle to add an absolute rule of one term would hang still another millstone around the neck of already doddering political parties.
Directions: Read the above paragraph and answer the following:
According to the passage, which of the following is most likely to be true of a political system with weak political parties?
Directions: Spot the error in the underlined part of the sentence and choose the correct sentence accordingly.
There are two pieces to Mr Keats' argument: that English is open-source as other languages are not: and that is why it has spread.
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After the elections it was discovered that the phones had been _____________.
In each question below, there is a sentence of which some parts have been jumbled up. Rearrange these parts which are labelled P, Q, R and S to produce the correct sentence. Choose the proper sequence.
If you need help
P :promptly and politely
Q :ask for attendants
R :to help our customers
S :who have instructions
The Proper sequence should be:
I will ________ them for saving me from the agonies of old age.
Which of phrases given below each sentence should replace the phrase printed in bold type to make the grammatically correct? If the sentence is correct as it is, mark 'E' as the answer.
Q. Shapes of gods and goddess are worshipped by people.
In the questions below the sentences have been given in Active/Passive voice. From the given alternatives, choose the one which best expresses the given sentence in Passive/Active voice.
Q. You can play with these kittens quite safely.
It is easier
P :to venture into space
Q :for men
R :beneath their feet
S :than to explore
The Proper sequence should be:
I have not done things which anyone else may feel are ________ recording.
If I had known / this yesterday / I will have helped him / No error.
Direction: In the questions given below a sentence is given with two blanks in each. Corresponding to each question two columns are given with three words in each column. Which combination of words from the two columns will perfectly fit into the blanks to make the sentence contextually correct and meaningful?
It is suggested that schools can implement inclusive education programmes if they are ______ prepared, are able to _______ support of all stakeholders involved in the process and have basic resources to run the programmes.
Direction: Each question below has one blank, which is indicating that something has been omitted. Find out which option can be used to fill up the blank in the sentence in the same sequence to make it meaningfully complete.
The agricultural power supplies were ________________ to six hours a day and largely to late nights.
Indian companies are allowed to arrange funds from sources abroad through which of the following means?
(A) External Commercial Borrowings
(B) Foreign Currency Convertible Bonds
(C) Preference Shares
The Local Area Bank Scheme was introduced in August 1996. What is the minimum Paid-up capital required for setting up Local Area Banks?
When a bank fails to pay its depositors, the Deposit Insurance Credit Guarantee Corporation (DICGC) provides deposit insurance. What is the maximum amount insured by the Deposit Insurance and Credit Guarantee Corporation of India (DICGC)?
When was the Standup India scheme launched to support entrepreneurship among women and SC&ST Communities who are looking to obtain a loan to launch their business venture?
Which of the following statements holds true about Mutual Funds?
When was the Pension Fund Regulatory and Development Authority of India (PFRDA) established?
CAR is the ratio of a bank's capital with its risk-weighted assets and current liabilities. What does A represent in CAR?
What was the authorized share capital when the National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development (NABARD) was established?
When was the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Board of India set up?
What type of insurance will apply if a family member has broken his/her leg in an accident while on vacation in Singapore?
While working with MS-DOS which command transfers a specific file from onedisk to another?
Which of the following is the Second Generation of Computers?