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Test: CLAT Mock Test - 11 - CLAT MCQ


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30 Questions MCQ Test - Test: CLAT Mock Test - 11

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Test: CLAT Mock Test - 11 - Question 1

Directions: Kindly read the passage carefully and answer the questions given below.

The Elephant Whisperers, a documentary about the raising of an orphaned elephant calf by a tribal couple, won the best documentary (short) award at the 95th Academy Awards on March 13. It is the story of a loving relationship between humans and other sentient species, particularly pachyderms. The footage was shot over five years and then edited to make the documentary. Relationship between man and nature, particularly animals, is palpable and those who have made an attempt to develop it have indeed benefited from it, physically as well as emotionally. However, it could also go sour if humans are not careful and nuanced in their approach to dealing with them and taming or controlling them, particularly elephants. According to the National Geographic Channel documentary Elephant Rage, some 500 people are killed by elephants each year when they are pushed.

The elephants, of course, are a very intelligent species of animals, unlike the general impression we have about them on account of their size and sloth. They are exceptionally smart creatures, have the largest brain of any land animal, and three times as many neurons as humans. While many of these neurons indeed exist to control the elephant’s large and dexterous body, this creature has demonstrated its impressive mental capabilities time and again. It can identify languages, understand human body language, use tools, show empathy and, above all, has extraordinary memory — and hence the phrase “elephantine memory”. In the past, elephants werepart of the royal heavy artillery and entourage, for pomp and show.

Elephants have also been used for communication purposes, especially in the days gone by when the modes of travel were limited. During the early part of my career in the civil services, I had come across a garage or a “hangar” attached to the office of the sub-divisional magistrate of Bhadrachalam, in the current state of Telangana, constructed to accommodate an elephant, which was perhaps used to cross the river to travel to the outlying and interior areas on official work.

That an elephant is nobody’s fool comes across clearly from the incident that took place many years ago during the pre-Independence period in the state of Samthar, where my maternal grandfather was serving as a Diwan. The maharaja had an elephant as part of his entourage. One of the duties of the mahout, employed to take care of the elephant, was to feed him with jalebis. The mahout was in the habit of stealing a part of this ration, meant for the elephant, for his own personal consumption. The elephant had observed this over a period of time. Then one day, he picked up the mahout, threw him on the ground and trampled him to death. When the news spread, the mahout’s wife came running, holding an infant in her arms. She placed her baby in front of the elephant and asked him to kill the baby too since there would be no one to take care of it. The elephant picked up the baby and put it on its head. Then there was a forest officer who was serving as an instructor at the Forest Research Institute, Dehradun in the 1970s. As part of his responsibilities, he was required to take the trainees out for practical training to different parts of the country. One particular year, he took them to the Bandipur National Park in Karnataka, which is home to Bengal tigers, elephants, some deer species and others.

The instructor decided to teach his trainees how to avoid an encounter with an elephant if they came face-to-face with one. He told them that they should go round and round a tree which would confuse the elephant. Since there was an elephant around, he attempted to demonstrate the technique and started running around a tree, with the elephant in hot pursuit. After going round and round a few times, the elephant stopped, turned around and waited. The instructor who was still going round in the same direction collided with the elephant head-on and was killed instantaneously. The pachyderm had not perhaps liked the gumption of the instructor to underestimate his intelligence.

Q. How are elephants different from how we typically think of them?

Detailed Solution for Test: CLAT Mock Test - 11 - Question 1

According to the scripture, elephants are not what we typically think of them to be. Elephants are described as being extremely intelligent animals having the largest brains of any terrestrial animal and three times as many neurons as people. As a result, choice A accurately captures the distinction that the passage emphasizes.

As a result, Option A is the right response.

Test: CLAT Mock Test - 11 - Question 2

Directions: Kindly read the passage carefully and answer the questions given below.

The Elephant Whisperers, a documentary about the raising of an orphaned elephant calf by a tribal couple, won the best documentary (short) award at the 95th Academy Awards on March 13. It is the story of a loving relationship between humans and other sentient species, particularly pachyderms. The footage was shot over five years and then edited to make the documentary. Relationship between man and nature, particularly animals, is palpable and those who have made an attempt to develop it have indeed benefited from it, physically as well as emotionally. However, it could also go sour if humans are not careful and nuanced in their approach to dealing with them and taming or controlling them, particularly elephants. According to the National Geographic Channel documentary Elephant Rage, some 500 people are killed by elephants each year when they are pushed.

The elephants, of course, are a very intelligent species of animals, unlike the general impression we have about them on account of their size and sloth. They are exceptionally smart creatures, have the largest brain of any land animal, and three times as many neurons as humans. While many of these neurons indeed exist to control the elephant’s large and dexterous body, this creature has demonstrated its impressive mental capabilities time and again. It can identify languages, understand human body language, use tools, show empathy and, above all, has extraordinary memory — and hence the phrase “elephantine memory”. In the past, elephants werepart of the royal heavy artillery and entourage, for pomp and show.

Elephants have also been used for communication purposes, especially in the days gone by when the modes of travel were limited. During the early part of my career in the civil services, I had come across a garage or a “hangar” attached to the office of the sub-divisional magistrate of Bhadrachalam, in the current state of Telangana, constructed to accommodate an elephant, which was perhaps used to cross the river to travel to the outlying and interior areas on official work.

That an elephant is nobody’s fool comes across clearly from the incident that took place many years ago during the pre-Independence period in the state of Samthar, where my maternal grandfather was serving as a Diwan. The maharaja had an elephant as part of his entourage. One of the duties of the mahout, employed to take care of the elephant, was to feed him with jalebis. The mahout was in the habit of stealing a part of this ration, meant for the elephant, for his own personal consumption. The elephant had observed this over a period of time. Then one day, he picked up the mahout, threw him on the ground and trampled him to death. When the news spread, the mahout’s wife came running, holding an infant in her arms. She placed her baby in front of the elephant and asked him to kill the baby too since there would be no one to take care of it. The elephant picked up the baby and put it on its head. Then there was a forest officer who was serving as an instructor at the Forest Research Institute, Dehradun in the 1970s. As part of his responsibilities, he was required to take the trainees out for practical training to different parts of the country. One particular year, he took them to the Bandipur National Park in Karnataka, which is home to Bengal tigers, elephants, some deer species and others.

The instructor decided to teach his trainees how to avoid an encounter with an elephant if they came face-to-face with one. He told them that they should go round and round a tree which would confuse the elephant. Since there was an elephant around, he attempted to demonstrate the technique and started running around a tree, with the elephant in hot pursuit. After going round and round a few times, the elephant stopped, turned around and waited. The instructor who was still going round in the same direction collided with the elephant head-on and was killed instantaneously. The pachyderm had not perhaps liked the gumption of the instructor to underestimate his intelligence.

Q. Which of the following best describes "impressive mental capabilities" in the passage?

Detailed Solution for Test: CLAT Mock Test - 11 - Question 2

The passage discusses the remarkable mental abilities of elephants. Among the provided choices, the term "exceptional intelligence" closely corresponds to "impressive mental capabilities." It signifies the elevated cognitive prowess that elephants possess.

Therefore, Option B is the accurate choice.

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Test: CLAT Mock Test - 11 - Question 3

Directions: Kindly read the passage carefully and answer the questions given below.

The Elephant Whisperers, a documentary about the raising of an orphaned elephant calf by a tribal couple, won the best documentary (short) award at the 95th Academy Awards on March 13. It is the story of a loving relationship between humans and other sentient species, particularly pachyderms. The footage was shot over five years and then edited to make the documentary. Relationship between man and nature, particularly animals, is palpable and those who have made an attempt to develop it have indeed benefited from it, physically as well as emotionally. However, it could also go sour if humans are not careful and nuanced in their approach to dealing with them and taming or controlling them, particularly elephants. According to the National Geographic Channel documentary Elephant Rage, some 500 people are killed by elephants each year when they are pushed.

The elephants, of course, are a very intelligent species of animals, unlike the general impression we have about them on account of their size and sloth. They are exceptionally smart creatures, have the largest brain of any land animal, and three times as many neurons as humans. While many of these neurons indeed exist to control the elephant’s large and dexterous body, this creature has demonstrated its impressive mental capabilities time and again. It can identify languages, understand human body language, use tools, show empathy and, above all, has extraordinary memory — and hence the phrase “elephantine memory”. In the past, elephants werepart of the royal heavy artillery and entourage, for pomp and show.

Elephants have also been used for communication purposes, especially in the days gone by when the modes of travel were limited. During the early part of my career in the civil services, I had come across a garage or a “hangar” attached to the office of the sub-divisional magistrate of Bhadrachalam, in the current state of Telangana, constructed to accommodate an elephant, which was perhaps used to cross the river to travel to the outlying and interior areas on official work.

That an elephant is nobody’s fool comes across clearly from the incident that took place many years ago during the pre-Independence period in the state of Samthar, where my maternal grandfather was serving as a Diwan. The maharaja had an elephant as part of his entourage. One of the duties of the mahout, employed to take care of the elephant, was to feed him with jalebis. The mahout was in the habit of stealing a part of this ration, meant for the elephant, for his own personal consumption. The elephant had observed this over a period of time. Then one day, he picked up the mahout, threw him on the ground and trampled him to death. When the news spread, the mahout’s wife came running, holding an infant in her arms. She placed her baby in front of the elephant and asked him to kill the baby too since there would be no one to take care of it. The elephant picked up the baby and put it on its head. Then there was a forest officer who was serving as an instructor at the Forest Research Institute, Dehradun in the 1970s. As part of his responsibilities, he was required to take the trainees out for practical training to different parts of the country. One particular year, he took them to the Bandipur National Park in Karnataka, which is home to Bengal tigers, elephants, some deer species and others.

The instructor decided to teach his trainees how to avoid an encounter with an elephant if they came face-to-face with one. He told them that they should go round and round a tree which would confuse the elephant. Since there was an elephant around, he attempted to demonstrate the technique and started running around a tree, with the elephant in hot pursuit. After going round and round a few times, the elephant stopped, turned around and waited. The instructor who was still going round in the same direction collided with the elephant head-on and was killed instantaneously. The pachyderm had not perhaps liked the gumption of the instructor to underestimate his intelligence.

Q. What does the passage primarily focus on?

Detailed Solution for Test: CLAT Mock Test - 11 - Question 3

The paragraph discusses the amazing mental capacity of elephants. The closest synonym to "impressive mental capabilities" from the available possibilities is "exceptional intelligence." It illustrates the sophisticated level of cognitive skills that elephants possess.

Hence, Option B is the correct answer.

Test: CLAT Mock Test - 11 - Question 4

Directions: Kindly read the passage carefully and answer the questions given below.

The Elephant Whisperers, a documentary about the raising of an orphaned elephant calf by a tribal couple, won the best documentary (short) award at the 95th Academy Awards on March 13. It is the story of a loving relationship between humans and other sentient species, particularly pachyderms. The footage was shot over five years and then edited to make the documentary. Relationship between man and nature, particularly animals, is palpable and those who have made an attempt to develop it have indeed benefited from it, physically as well as emotionally. However, it could also go sour if humans are not careful and nuanced in their approach to dealing with them and taming or controlling them, particularly elephants. According to the National Geographic Channel documentary Elephant Rage, some 500 people are killed by elephants each year when they are pushed.

The elephants, of course, are a very intelligent species of animals, unlike the general impression we have about them on account of their size and sloth. They are exceptionally smart creatures, have the largest brain of any land animal, and three times as many neurons as humans. While many of these neurons indeed exist to control the elephant’s large and dexterous body, this creature has demonstrated its impressive mental capabilities time and again. It can identify languages, understand human body language, use tools, show empathy and, above all, has extraordinary memory — and hence the phrase “elephantine memory”. In the past, elephants werepart of the royal heavy artillery and entourage, for pomp and show.

Elephants have also been used for communication purposes, especially in the days gone by when the modes of travel were limited. During the early part of my career in the civil services, I had come across a garage or a “hangar” attached to the office of the sub-divisional magistrate of Bhadrachalam, in the current state of Telangana, constructed to accommodate an elephant, which was perhaps used to cross the river to travel to the outlying and interior areas on official work.

That an elephant is nobody’s fool comes across clearly from the incident that took place many years ago during the pre-Independence period in the state of Samthar, where my maternal grandfather was serving as a Diwan. The maharaja had an elephant as part of his entourage. One of the duties of the mahout, employed to take care of the elephant, was to feed him with jalebis. The mahout was in the habit of stealing a part of this ration, meant for the elephant, for his own personal consumption. The elephant had observed this over a period of time. Then one day, he picked up the mahout, threw him on the ground and trampled him to death. When the news spread, the mahout’s wife came running, holding an infant in her arms. She placed her baby in front of the elephant and asked him to kill the baby too since there would be no one to take care of it. The elephant picked up the baby and put it on its head. Then there was a forest officer who was serving as an instructor at the Forest Research Institute, Dehradun in the 1970s. As part of his responsibilities, he was required to take the trainees out for practical training to different parts of the country. One particular year, he took them to the Bandipur National Park in Karnataka, which is home to Bengal tigers, elephants, some deer species and others.

The instructor decided to teach his trainees how to avoid an encounter with an elephant if they came face-to-face with one. He told them that they should go round and round a tree which would confuse the elephant. Since there was an elephant around, he attempted to demonstrate the technique and started running around a tree, with the elephant in hot pursuit. After going round and round a few times, the elephant stopped, turned around and waited. The instructor who was still going round in the same direction collided with the elephant head-on and was killed instantaneously. The pachyderm had not perhaps liked the gumption of the instructor to underestimate his intelligence.

Q. In which event did an elephant demonstrate its intelligence and compassion?

Detailed Solution for Test: CLAT Mock Test - 11 - Question 4

The section offers proof of the intellect of elephants, including their aptitude for tool use, capacity for empathy, and exceptional memory. However, it also cautions that if people are not cautious and tactful in how they engage with elephants, it might result in hazardous circumstances. The chapter indicates that 500 or more individuals are pushed to death by elephants each year. As a result, option A accurately captures the inference about elephant intelligence that may be made from the passage.

Test: CLAT Mock Test - 11 - Question 5

Directions: Kindly read the passage carefully and answer the questions given below.

The Elephant Whisperers, a documentary about the raising of an orphaned elephant calf by a tribal couple, won the best documentary (short) award at the 95th Academy Awards on March 13. It is the story of a loving relationship between humans and other sentient species, particularly pachyderms. The footage was shot over five years and then edited to make the documentary. Relationship between man and nature, particularly animals, is palpable and those who have made an attempt to develop it have indeed benefited from it, physically as well as emotionally. However, it could also go sour if humans are not careful and nuanced in their approach to dealing with them and taming or controlling them, particularly elephants. According to the National Geographic Channel documentary Elephant Rage, some 500 people are killed by elephants each year when they are pushed.

The elephants, of course, are a very intelligent species of animals, unlike the general impression we have about them on account of their size and sloth. They are exceptionally smart creatures, have the largest brain of any land animal, and three times as many neurons as humans. While many of these neurons indeed exist to control the elephant’s large and dexterous body, this creature has demonstrated its impressive mental capabilities time and again. It can identify languages, understand human body language, use tools, show empathy and, above all, has extraordinary memory — and hence the phrase “elephantine memory”. In the past, elephants werepart of the royal heavy artillery and entourage, for pomp and show.

Elephants have also been used for communication purposes, especially in the days gone by when the modes of travel were limited. During the early part of my career in the civil services, I had come across a garage or a “hangar” attached to the office of the sub-divisional magistrate of Bhadrachalam, in the current state of Telangana, constructed to accommodate an elephant, which was perhaps used to cross the river to travel to the outlying and interior areas on official work.

That an elephant is nobody’s fool comes across clearly from the incident that took place many years ago during the pre-Independence period in the state of Samthar, where my maternal grandfather was serving as a Diwan. The maharaja had an elephant as part of his entourage. One of the duties of the mahout, employed to take care of the elephant, was to feed him with jalebis. The mahout was in the habit of stealing a part of this ration, meant for the elephant, for his own personal consumption. The elephant had observed this over a period of time. Then one day, he picked up the mahout, threw him on the ground and trampled him to death. When the news spread, the mahout’s wife came running, holding an infant in her arms. She placed her baby in front of the elephant and asked him to kill the baby too since there would be no one to take care of it. The elephant picked up the baby and put it on its head. Then there was a forest officer who was serving as an instructor at the Forest Research Institute, Dehradun in the 1970s. As part of his responsibilities, he was required to take the trainees out for practical training to different parts of the country. One particular year, he took them to the Bandipur National Park in Karnataka, which is home to Bengal tigers, elephants, some deer species and others.

The instructor decided to teach his trainees how to avoid an encounter with an elephant if they came face-to-face with one. He told them that they should go round and round a tree which would confuse the elephant. Since there was an elephant around, he attempted to demonstrate the technique and started running around a tree, with the elephant in hot pursuit. After going round and round a few times, the elephant stopped, turned around and waited. The instructor who was still going round in the same direction collided with the elephant head-on and was killed instantaneously. The pachyderm had not perhaps liked the gumption of the instructor to underestimate his intelligence.

Q. From the information presented in the passage, what conclusion can be drawn regarding the intelligence of elephants?

Detailed Solution for Test: CLAT Mock Test - 11 - Question 5

The section offers proof of the intellect of elephants, including their aptitude for tool use, capacity for empathy, and exceptional memory. However, it also cautions that if people are not cautious and tactful in how they engage with elephants, it might result in hazardous circumstances. The chapter indicates that 500 or more individuals are pushed to death by elephants each year. As a result, option A accurately captures the inference about elephant intelligence that may be made from the passage. Hence, Option A is the correct answer. 

Test: CLAT Mock Test - 11 - Question 6

Directions: Kindly read the passage carefully and answer the questions given below.

On July 5, the Delhi High Court held that there was “no merit” in the appeal filed by PepsiCo over the patent rights for its ‘unique potato’ variety. The appeal was against an order passed by the Protection of Plant Varieties and Farmers Rights’ Authority (PPVFRA), revoking PepsiCo’s registration vis-a-vis the unique potato variety developed by it. The Act provides an effective framework to conserve and encourage the development of various plant varieties. It established an effective system to safeguard and recognise the rights of breeders, researchers and farmers to promote agricultural development in the country. Additionally, it also facilitates the mushrooming of the Indian seed industry to ensure the availability of high-quality seeds and planting materials to farmers.

According to Section 34 of the PPV&FR Act, the protection granted to a breeder may be revoked by the authority on the following grounds — that the grant of a registration certificate is based on incorrect information furnished by the applicant; that the registration certificate was granted to an ineligible person; when the breeder does not provide the registrar with the required documents; a failure to provide an alternative denomination for variety registration in case the earlier variety provided is not permissible for registration; a failure of the breeder to provide the required seeds for compulsory licence; failure to comply with the acts, rules, regulations and directions issued by the Authority; and if the grant of the registration certificate is against public interest.

In relation to Section 34(a) (incorrect information furnished), it was discovered that PepsiCo had sought the registration of FL 2027 variety as a “new variant” instead of an “extant variant” in its application dated February 16, 2012, despite furnishing the date of its commercialisation in India to be December 17, 2009. However, to be registered as a “new variant” an additional requirement of ‘novelty’ in addition to ‘distinctiveness’, ‘uniformity’ and ‘stability’ must be satisfied one year before the date of filing of the application for registration. The court held that FL 2027 could not fulfil the criteria of novelty and was only eligible for registration under “extant variety”.

India is an agri-based economy with the agriculture sector having the highest workforce, nearly 152 million as of FY2021 as per Statista. Multinational food processing companies and investors must prioritise the well-being of farmers and their rights by developing a comprehensive understanding of India’s local laws, particularly the PPV&FR Act 2001, and recognise the safeguards and protections it provides to farmers.

Q. According to the Delhi High Court's decision, why was PepsiCo's appeal regarding the patent rights for its 'unique potato' variety rejected?

Detailed Solution for Test: CLAT Mock Test - 11 - Question 6

The passage mentions that PepsiCo's appeal was rejected because it had sought the registration of the FL 2027 potato variety as a "new variant" in its application, despite furnishing the date of its commercialization in India as December 17, 2009. However, to be registered as a "new variant," an additional requirement of 'novelty' must be satisfied one year before the date of filing the application for registration. PepsiCo's incorrect information regarding the "new variant" classification led to the rejection of its appeal.

Test: CLAT Mock Test - 11 - Question 7

Directions: Kindly read the passage carefully and answer the questions given below.

On July 5, the Delhi High Court held that there was “no merit” in the appeal filed by PepsiCo over the patent rights for its ‘unique potato’ variety. The appeal was against an order passed by the Protection of Plant Varieties and Farmers Rights’ Authority (PPVFRA), revoking PepsiCo’s registration vis-a-vis the unique potato variety developed by it. The Act provides an effective framework to conserve and encourage the development of various plant varieties. It established an effective system to safeguard and recognise the rights of breeders, researchers and farmers to promote agricultural development in the country. Additionally, it also facilitates the mushrooming of the Indian seed industry to ensure the availability of high-quality seeds and planting materials to farmers.

According to Section 34 of the PPV&FR Act, the protection granted to a breeder may be revoked by the authority on the following grounds — that the grant of a registration certificate is based on incorrect information furnished by the applicant; that the registration certificate was granted to an ineligible person; when the breeder does not provide the registrar with the required documents; a failure to provide an alternative denomination for variety registration in case the earlier variety provided is not permissible for registration; a failure of the breeder to provide the required seeds for compulsory licence; failure to comply with the acts, rules, regulations and directions issued by the Authority; and if the grant of the registration certificate is against public interest.

In relation to Section 34(a) (incorrect information furnished), it was discovered that PepsiCo had sought the registration of FL 2027 variety as a “new variant” instead of an “extant variant” in its application dated February 16, 2012, despite furnishing the date of its commercialisation in India to be December 17, 2009. However, to be registered as a “new variant” an additional requirement of ‘novelty’ in addition to ‘distinctiveness’, ‘uniformity’ and ‘stability’ must be satisfied one year before the date of filing of the application for registration. The court held that FL 2027 could not fulfil the criteria of novelty and was only eligible for registration under “extant variety”.

India is an agri-based economy with the agriculture sector having the highest workforce, nearly 152 million as of FY2021 as per Statista. Multinational food processing companies and investors must prioritise the well-being of farmers and their rights by developing a comprehensive understanding of India’s local laws, particularly the PPV&FR Act 2001, and recognise the safeguards and protections it provides to farmers.

Q. Under which section of the PPV&FR Act can the protection granted to a breeder be revoked?

Detailed Solution for Test: CLAT Mock Test - 11 - Question 7

The passage states that the protection granted to a breeder under the PPV&FR Act can be revoked by the authority under various grounds, and one of these grounds is outlined in Section 34(g). Section 34(g) allows the protection to be revoked if the grant of the registration certificate is against public interest.

Test: CLAT Mock Test - 11 - Question 8

Directions: Kindly read the passage carefully and answer the questions given below.

On July 5, the Delhi High Court held that there was “no merit” in the appeal filed by PepsiCo over the patent rights for its ‘unique potato’ variety. The appeal was against an order passed by the Protection of Plant Varieties and Farmers Rights’ Authority (PPVFRA), revoking PepsiCo’s registration vis-a-vis the unique potato variety developed by it. The Act provides an effective framework to conserve and encourage the development of various plant varieties. It established an effective system to safeguard and recognise the rights of breeders, researchers and farmers to promote agricultural development in the country. Additionally, it also facilitates the mushrooming of the Indian seed industry to ensure the availability of high-quality seeds and planting materials to farmers.

According to Section 34 of the PPV&FR Act, the protection granted to a breeder may be revoked by the authority on the following grounds — that the grant of a registration certificate is based on incorrect information furnished by the applicant; that the registration certificate was granted to an ineligible person; when the breeder does not provide the registrar with the required documents; a failure to provide an alternative denomination for variety registration in case the earlier variety provided is not permissible for registration; a failure of the breeder to provide the required seeds for compulsory licence; failure to comply with the acts, rules, regulations and directions issued by the Authority; and if the grant of the registration certificate is against public interest.

In relation to Section 34(a) (incorrect information furnished), it was discovered that PepsiCo had sought the registration of FL 2027 variety as a “new variant” instead of an “extant variant” in its application dated February 16, 2012, despite furnishing the date of its commercialisation in India to be December 17, 2009. However, to be registered as a “new variant” an additional requirement of ‘novelty’ in addition to ‘distinctiveness’, ‘uniformity’ and ‘stability’ must be satisfied one year before the date of filing of the application for registration. The court held that FL 2027 could not fulfil the criteria of novelty and was only eligible for registration under “extant variety”.

India is an agri-based economy with the agriculture sector having the highest workforce, nearly 152 million as of FY2021 as per Statista. Multinational food processing companies and investors must prioritise the well-being of farmers and their rights by developing a comprehensive understanding of India’s local laws, particularly the PPV&FR Act 2001, and recognise the safeguards and protections it provides to farmers.

Q. Which of the following CANNOT be inferred from the passage?

Detailed Solution for Test: CLAT Mock Test - 11 - Question 8

The passage discusses the Delhi High Court's rejection of PepsiCo's appeal over patent rights for its 'unique potato' variety. It outlines the grounds on which the Protection of Plant Varieties and Farmers Rights’ Authority (PPVFRA) can revoke protection, including incorrect information in the registration application. The passage emphasizes the importance of understanding India's local laws, particularly the PPV&FR Act, to protect the rights of farmers and promote agricultural development in the country.

Test: CLAT Mock Test - 11 - Question 9

Directions: Kindly read the passage carefully and answer the questions given below.

On July 5, the Delhi High Court held that there was “no merit” in the appeal filed by PepsiCo over the patent rights for its ‘unique potato’ variety. The appeal was against an order passed by the Protection of Plant Varieties and Farmers Rights’ Authority (PPVFRA), revoking PepsiCo’s registration vis-a-vis the unique potato variety developed by it. The Act provides an effective framework to conserve and encourage the development of various plant varieties. It established an effective system to safeguard and recognise the rights of breeders, researchers and farmers to promote agricultural development in the country. Additionally, it also facilitates the mushrooming of the Indian seed industry to ensure the availability of high-quality seeds and planting materials to farmers.

According to Section 34 of the PPV&FR Act, the protection granted to a breeder may be revoked by the authority on the following grounds — that the grant of a registration certificate is based on incorrect information furnished by the applicant; that the registration certificate was granted to an ineligible person; when the breeder does not provide the registrar with the required documents; a failure to provide an alternative denomination for variety registration in case the earlier variety provided is not permissible for registration; a failure of the breeder to provide the required seeds for compulsory licence; failure to comply with the acts, rules, regulations and directions issued by the Authority; and if the grant of the registration certificate is against public interest.

In relation to Section 34(a) (incorrect information furnished), it was discovered that PepsiCo had sought the registration of FL 2027 variety as a “new variant” instead of an “extant variant” in its application dated February 16, 2012, despite furnishing the date of its commercialisation in India to be December 17, 2009. However, to be registered as a “new variant” an additional requirement of ‘novelty’ in addition to ‘distinctiveness’, ‘uniformity’ and ‘stability’ must be satisfied one year before the date of filing of the application for registration. The court held that FL 2027 could not fulfil the criteria of novelty and was only eligible for registration under “extant variety”.

India is an agri-based economy with the agriculture sector having the highest workforce, nearly 152 million as of FY2021 as per Statista. Multinational food processing companies and investors must prioritise the well-being of farmers and their rights by developing a comprehensive understanding of India’s local laws, particularly the PPV&FR Act 2001, and recognise the safeguards and protections it provides to farmers.

Q. Which of the following statements most accurately captures the primary objective of the PPV&FR Act?

Detailed Solution for Test: CLAT Mock Test - 11 - Question 9

The passage discusses how the PPV&FR Act sets up an efficient framework to protect and acknowledge the rights of breeders, researchers, and farmers to advance agricultural development in the nation. Option (A) accurately condenses the act's intent as articulated in the passage. The alternate choices in the question either misconstrue the passage or concentrate on particular elements instead of the comprehensive purpose. Therefore, Option A stands as the correct response.

Test: CLAT Mock Test - 11 - Question 10

Directions: Kindly read the passage carefully and answer the questions given below.

On July 5, the Delhi High Court held that there was “no merit” in the appeal filed by PepsiCo over the patent rights for its ‘unique potato’ variety. The appeal was against an order passed by the Protection of Plant Varieties and Farmers Rights’ Authority (PPVFRA), revoking PepsiCo’s registration vis-a-vis the unique potato variety developed by it. The Act provides an effective framework to conserve and encourage the development of various plant varieties. It established an effective system to safeguard and recognise the rights of breeders, researchers and farmers to promote agricultural development in the country. Additionally, it also facilitates the mushrooming of the Indian seed industry to ensure the availability of high-quality seeds and planting materials to farmers.

According to Section 34 of the PPV&FR Act, the protection granted to a breeder may be revoked by the authority on the following grounds — that the grant of a registration certificate is based on incorrect information furnished by the applicant; that the registration certificate was granted to an ineligible person; when the breeder does not provide the registrar with the required documents; a failure to provide an alternative denomination for variety registration in case the earlier variety provided is not permissible for registration; a failure of the breeder to provide the required seeds for compulsory licence; failure to comply with the acts, rules, regulations and directions issued by the Authority; and if the grant of the registration certificate is against public interest.

In relation to Section 34(a) (incorrect information furnished), it was discovered that PepsiCo had sought the registration of FL 2027 variety as a “new variant” instead of an “extant variant” in its application dated February 16, 2012, despite furnishing the date of its commercialisation in India to be December 17, 2009. However, to be registered as a “new variant” an additional requirement of ‘novelty’ in addition to ‘distinctiveness’, ‘uniformity’ and ‘stability’ must be satisfied one year before the date of filing of the application for registration. The court held that FL 2027 could not fulfil the criteria of novelty and was only eligible for registration under “extant variety”.

India is an agri-based economy with the agriculture sector having the highest workforce, nearly 152 million as of FY2021 as per Statista. Multinational food processing companies and investors must prioritise the well-being of farmers and their rights by developing a comprehensive understanding of India’s local laws, particularly the PPV&FR Act 2001, and recognise the safeguards and protections it provides to farmers.

Q. Why was PepsiCo's FL 2027 potato variety found ineligible for registration as a "new variant"?

Detailed Solution for Test: CLAT Mock Test - 11 - Question 10

According to the passage, PepsiCo's FL 2027 potato variety was found ineligible for registration as a "new variant" because it failed to satisfy the criteria of 'novelty.' The passage explains that for a variety to be registered as a "new variant," it must meet the criteria of 'novelty,' distinctiveness, uniformity, and stability, and this 'novelty' requirement must be satisfied one year before the date of filing the registration application. FL 2027 did not meet this requirement, hence the rejection.

Test: CLAT Mock Test - 11 - Question 11

Directions: Kindly read the passage carefully and answer the questions given below.

Our unlikely childhoods begin well before gametes meet. As part of our social organisation, humans have a specific type of mating system, a form of reproduction that scaffolds the relationships between animals in our society in a specific way, with specific aims. Despite a tendency by a certain insidious strand of pseudo-intellectual internet bile to use pseudo-scientific terms such as ‘alpha males’ and ‘beta males’ for human interactions, our species is in fact rather charmingly non-competitive when it comes to mating.

While it may be difficult to believe that humans are largely tedious monogamists, our pair-bonded nature is a story written in our physical beings. Not for us the costly evolutionary displays of the male hamadryas baboon, who grows his fangs to 400 times those of his female relatives in order to show off and fight for mates. (Male human fangs are, in fact, slightly bigger than females – but only about 7 per cent, which is nothing in animal terms.) Furthermore, in animals with more competitive strategies for mating – ones where there is any extra advantage in remaining coupled, depositing sperm, or preventing other couplings from happening – evolution has provided an array of genital morphologies ranging from penis bones and spikes to outsized testes. Humans lack distinction in any measure of genitalia so far studied, though it is worth noting that most anthropologists have chosen to focus on male genitalia, so surprises may remain in store for future research.

This physical lack of difference between sexes sets up a social system that is, in animal terms, weird: pair bonding. Virtually no other animals reproduce in pair bonds – only about 5 per cent, if you discount birds, who do go for pairing in a big way. But an outsize proportion of primates opt for this monogamous arrangement, about 15 per cent of species, including, of course, our own. There are a variety of evolutionary theories for why pair bonding should appeal so much to primates, including maintaining access to females that roam, supporting offspring, or increasing certainty about paternity. One prominent theory is that pair-bonded males have less motivation for infanticide, though as the anthropologist Holly Dunsworth pointed out in her Aeon essay ‘Sex Makes Babies’ (2017), this does suggest a type of understanding in primates that we don’t always even ascribe to other humans. Other theories point to female roaming requiring a pairing system so mating opportunities aren’t lost whenever she moves on. Pair bonding has emerged perhaps as many as four separate times in the primate family, suggesting that the motivation for the invention of the mate may not be the same in all monkeys. What does seem clear is that humans have opted for a mating system that doesn’t go in as much for competition as it does for care. The evolution of ‘dads’ – our casual word for the pair of helping hands that, in humans, fits a very broad range of people – may in fact be the only solution to the crisis that is the most important feature of human babies: they are off-the-scale demanding.

Q. What is the primary focus of the passage regarding human mating and reproduction?

Detailed Solution for Test: CLAT Mock Test - 11 - Question 11

The passage primarily focuses on discussing the evolutionary aspects and uniqueness of human pair bonding in the context of mating and reproduction. It explores how humans, as primates, differ from other animals in their approach to mating. While some animals exhibit competitive behaviors, such as the male hamadryas baboon's display of fangs, humans are characterized as relatively non-competitive when it comes to mating. The passage goes on to explain that humans lack significant physical differences between male and female genitalia, which sets up a social system of pair bonding, a phenomenon not commonly observed in the animal kingdom. Therefore, the central theme of the passage is to shed light on the distinctiveness and evolutionary implications of human pair bonding in the context of reproduction.

Test: CLAT Mock Test - 11 - Question 12

Directions: Kindly read the passage carefully and answer the questions given below.

Our unlikely childhoods begin well before gametes meet. As part of our social organisation, humans have a specific type of mating system, a form of reproduction that scaffolds the relationships between animals in our society in a specific way, with specific aims. Despite a tendency by a certain insidious strand of pseudo-intellectual internet bile to use pseudo-scientific terms such as ‘alpha males’ and ‘beta males’ for human interactions, our species is in fact rather charmingly non-competitive when it comes to mating.

While it may be difficult to believe that humans are largely tedious monogamists, our pair-bonded nature is a story written in our physical beings. Not for us the costly evolutionary displays of the male hamadryas baboon, who grows his fangs to 400 times those of his female relatives in order to show off and fight for mates. (Male human fangs are, in fact, slightly bigger than females – but only about 7 per cent, which is nothing in animal terms.) Furthermore, in animals with more competitive strategies for mating – ones where there is any extra advantage in remaining coupled, depositing sperm, or preventing other couplings from happening – evolution has provided an array of genital morphologies ranging from penis bones and spikes to outsized testes. Humans lack distinction in any measure of genitalia so far studied, though it is worth noting that most anthropologists have chosen to focus on male genitalia, so surprises may remain in store for future research.

This physical lack of difference between sexes sets up a social system that is, in animal terms, weird: pair bonding. Virtually no other animals reproduce in pair bonds – only about 5 per cent, if you discount birds, who do go for pairing in a big way. But an outsize proportion of primates opt for this monogamous arrangement, about 15 per cent of species, including, of course, our own. There are a variety of evolutionary theories for why pair bonding should appeal so much to primates, including maintaining access to females that roam, supporting offspring, or increasing certainty about paternity. One prominent theory is that pair-bonded males have less motivation for infanticide, though as the anthropologist Holly Dunsworth pointed out in her Aeon essay ‘Sex Makes Babies’ (2017), this does suggest a type of understanding in primates that we don’t always even ascribe to other humans. Other theories point to female roaming requiring a pairing system so mating opportunities aren’t lost whenever she moves on. Pair bonding has emerged perhaps as many as four separate times in the primate family, suggesting that the motivation for the invention of the mate may not be the same in all monkeys. What does seem clear is that humans have opted for a mating system that doesn’t go in as much for competition as it does for care. The evolution of ‘dads’ – our casual word for the pair of helping hands that, in humans, fits a very broad range of people – may in fact be the only solution to the crisis that is the most important feature of human babies: they are off-the-scale demanding.

Q. What is one of the suggested reasons for the emergence of pair bonding in primates, including humans, according to the passage?

Detailed Solution for Test: CLAT Mock Test - 11 - Question 12

The passage suggests that one of the reasons for the emergence of pair bonding in primates, including humans, is the desire to prevent infanticide among males. It mentions that pair-bonded males may have less motivation for infanticide, and this is presented as a potential benefit of pair bonding. This theory is mentioned as one of the explanations for why primates, including humans, have opted for the mating system of pair bonding. Therefore, option c) accurately captures one of the suggested reasons discussed in the passage.

Test: CLAT Mock Test - 11 - Question 13

Directions: Kindly read the passage carefully and answer the questions given below.

Our unlikely childhoods begin well before gametes meet. As part of our social organisation, humans have a specific type of mating system, a form of reproduction that scaffolds the relationships between animals in our society in a specific way, with specific aims. Despite a tendency by a certain insidious strand of pseudo-intellectual internet bile to use pseudo-scientific terms such as ‘alpha males’ and ‘beta males’ for human interactions, our species is in fact rather charmingly non-competitive when it comes to mating.

While it may be difficult to believe that humans are largely tedious monogamists, our pair-bonded nature is a story written in our physical beings. Not for us the costly evolutionary displays of the male hamadryas baboon, who grows his fangs to 400 times those of his female relatives in order to show off and fight for mates. (Male human fangs are, in fact, slightly bigger than females – but only about 7 per cent, which is nothing in animal terms.) Furthermore, in animals with more competitive strategies for mating – ones where there is any extra advantage in remaining coupled, depositing sperm, or preventing other couplings from happening – evolution has provided an array of genital morphologies ranging from penis bones and spikes to outsized testes. Humans lack distinction in any measure of genitalia so far studied, though it is worth noting that most anthropologists have chosen to focus on male genitalia, so surprises may remain in store for future research.

This physical lack of difference between sexes sets up a social system that is, in animal terms, weird: pair bonding. Virtually no other animals reproduce in pair bonds – only about 5 per cent, if you discount birds, who do go for pairing in a big way. But an outsize proportion of primates opt for this monogamous arrangement, about 15 per cent of species, including, of course, our own. There are a variety of evolutionary theories for why pair bonding should appeal so much to primates, including maintaining access to females that roam, supporting offspring, or increasing certainty about paternity. One prominent theory is that pair-bonded males have less motivation for infanticide, though as the anthropologist Holly Dunsworth pointed out in her Aeon essay ‘Sex Makes Babies’ (2017), this does suggest a type of understanding in primates that we don’t always even ascribe to other humans. Other theories point to female roaming requiring a pairing system so mating opportunities aren’t lost whenever she moves on. Pair bonding has emerged perhaps as many as four separate times in the primate family, suggesting that the motivation for the invention of the mate may not be the same in all monkeys. What does seem clear is that humans have opted for a mating system that doesn’t go in as much for competition as it does for care. The evolution of ‘dads’ – our casual word for the pair of helping hands that, in humans, fits a very broad range of people – may in fact be the only solution to the crisis that is the most important feature of human babies: they are off-the-scale demanding.

Q. What is the central topic that the passage primarily addresses?

Detailed Solution for Test: CLAT Mock Test - 11 - Question 13

The passage examines the idea of pair bonding in both humans and other primates, offering insights into why this mating behavior is widespread and presenting evolutionary theories to justify its attractiveness. Consequently, the accurate choice is B) The evolution of pair bonding in primates.

Test: CLAT Mock Test - 11 - Question 14

Directions: Kindly read the passage carefully and answer the questions given below.

Our unlikely childhoods begin well before gametes meet. As part of our social organisation, humans have a specific type of mating system, a form of reproduction that scaffolds the relationships between animals in our society in a specific way, with specific aims. Despite a tendency by a certain insidious strand of pseudo-intellectual internet bile to use pseudo-scientific terms such as ‘alpha males’ and ‘beta males’ for human interactions, our species is in fact rather charmingly non-competitive when it comes to mating.

While it may be difficult to believe that humans are largely tedious monogamists, our pair-bonded nature is a story written in our physical beings. Not for us the costly evolutionary displays of the male hamadryas baboon, who grows his fangs to 400 times those of his female relatives in order to show off and fight for mates. (Male human fangs are, in fact, slightly bigger than females – but only about 7 per cent, which is nothing in animal terms.) Furthermore, in animals with more competitive strategies for mating – ones where there is any extra advantage in remaining coupled, depositing sperm, or preventing other couplings from happening – evolution has provided an array of genital morphologies ranging from penis bones and spikes to outsized testes. Humans lack distinction in any measure of genitalia so far studied, though it is worth noting that most anthropologists have chosen to focus on male genitalia, so surprises may remain in store for future research.

This physical lack of difference between sexes sets up a social system that is, in animal terms, weird: pair bonding. Virtually no other animals reproduce in pair bonds – only about 5 per cent, if you discount birds, who do go for pairing in a big way. But an outsize proportion of primates opt for this monogamous arrangement, about 15 per cent of species, including, of course, our own. There are a variety of evolutionary theories for why pair bonding should appeal so much to primates, including maintaining access to females that roam, supporting offspring, or increasing certainty about paternity. One prominent theory is that pair-bonded males have less motivation for infanticide, though as the anthropologist Holly Dunsworth pointed out in her Aeon essay ‘Sex Makes Babies’ (2017), this does suggest a type of understanding in primates that we don’t always even ascribe to other humans. Other theories point to female roaming requiring a pairing system so mating opportunities aren’t lost whenever she moves on. Pair bonding has emerged perhaps as many as four separate times in the primate family, suggesting that the motivation for the invention of the mate may not be the same in all monkeys. What does seem clear is that humans have opted for a mating system that doesn’t go in as much for competition as it does for care. The evolution of ‘dads’ – our casual word for the pair of helping hands that, in humans, fits a very broad range of people – may in fact be the only solution to the crisis that is the most important feature of human babies: they are off-the-scale demanding.

Q. How does the author's attitude come across when discussing the concept of pair bonding in humans?

Detailed Solution for Test: CLAT Mock Test - 11 - Question 14

The author's attitude regarding pair bonding in humans can be deduced from expressions like "charmingly non-competitive" and "care." These terms indicate a favorable or enthusiastic perspective on the concept. Thus, Option D) Enthusiastic is the accurate choice.

Test: CLAT Mock Test - 11 - Question 15

Directions: Kindly read the passage carefully and answer the questions given below.

Our unlikely childhoods begin well before gametes meet. As part of our social organisation, humans have a specific type of mating system, a form of reproduction that scaffolds the relationships between animals in our society in a specific way, with specific aims. Despite a tendency by a certain insidious strand of pseudo-intellectual internet bile to use pseudo-scientific terms such as ‘alpha males’ and ‘beta males’ for human interactions, our species is in fact rather charmingly non-competitive when it comes to mating.

While it may be difficult to believe that humans are largely tedious monogamists, our pair-bonded nature is a story written in our physical beings. Not for us the costly evolutionary displays of the male hamadryas baboon, who grows his fangs to 400 times those of his female relatives in order to show off and fight for mates. (Male human fangs are, in fact, slightly bigger than females – but only about 7 per cent, which is nothing in animal terms.) Furthermore, in animals with more competitive strategies for mating – ones where there is any extra advantage in remaining coupled, depositing sperm, or preventing other couplings from happening – evolution has provided an array of genital morphologies ranging from penis bones and spikes to outsized testes. Humans lack distinction in any measure of genitalia so far studied, though it is worth noting that most anthropologists have chosen to focus on male genitalia, so surprises may remain in store for future research.

This physical lack of difference between sexes sets up a social system that is, in animal terms, weird: pair bonding. Virtually no other animals reproduce in pair bonds – only about 5 per cent, if you discount birds, who do go for pairing in a big way. But an outsize proportion of primates opt for this monogamous arrangement, about 15 per cent of species, including, of course, our own. There are a variety of evolutionary theories for why pair bonding should appeal so much to primates, including maintaining access to females that roam, supporting offspring, or increasing certainty about paternity. One prominent theory is that pair-bonded males have less motivation for infanticide, though as the anthropologist Holly Dunsworth pointed out in her Aeon essay ‘Sex Makes Babies’ (2017), this does suggest a type of understanding in primates that we don’t always even ascribe to other humans. Other theories point to female roaming requiring a pairing system so mating opportunities aren’t lost whenever she moves on. Pair bonding has emerged perhaps as many as four separate times in the primate family, suggesting that the motivation for the invention of the mate may not be the same in all monkeys. What does seem clear is that humans have opted for a mating system that doesn’t go in as much for competition as it does for care. The evolution of ‘dads’ – our casual word for the pair of helping hands that, in humans, fits a very broad range of people – may in fact be the only solution to the crisis that is the most important feature of human babies: they are off-the-scale demanding.

Q. What is the nearest opposite (antonym) for the term "tedious" as employed in the passage?

Detailed Solution for Test: CLAT Mock Test - 11 - Question 15

Contrary to popular opinion, the word "tedious" in the passage refers to the idea that most people are monogamous. Given that it suggests attention, curiosity, or captivation, "engaging" would be the closest synonym for "tedious." The right response is therefore A) Engaging.

Test: CLAT Mock Test - 11 - Question 16

Directions: Read the passage and answer the question that follows.

The friendship between India and Bangladesh is historic, evolving over the last 50 years. India's political, diplomatic, military and humanitarian support during Bangladesh's Liberation War played an important role towards Bangladesh's independence.
Post-Independence, the India-Bangladesh relationship has oscillated as Bangladesh passed through different regimes. The relationship remained cordial until the assassination of Bangladesh's founding President Sheikh Mujibur Rahman in August 15, 1975, followed by a period of military rule and the rise of General Ziaur Rahman who became President and also assassinated in 1981. It thawed again between 1982-1991 when a military-led government by General H.M. Ershad ruled the country. Since Bangladesh's return to parliamentary democracy in 1991, relations have gone through highs and lows. However, in the last decade, India-Bangladesh relations have warmed up, entering a new era of cooperation, and moving beyond historical and cultural ties to become more assimilated in the areas of trade, connectivity, energy, and defence.
Bangladesh and India have achieved the rare feat of solving their border issues peacefully by ratifying the historic Land Boundary Agreement in 2015, where enclaves were swapped allowing inhabitants to choose their country of residence and become citizens of either India or Bangladesh. The Bangladesh government led by Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina has uprooted anti-India insurgency elements from its borders, making the India-Bangladesh border one of the region's most peaceful, and allowing India to make a massive redeployment of resources to its more contentious borders elsewhere.
Bangladesh today is India's biggest trading partner in South Asia with exports to Bangladesh in FY 2018-19 at $9.21 billion and imports at $1.04 billion. Trade could be more balanced if non-tariff barriers from the Indian side could be removed. Bangladeshis make up a large portion of tourists in India, outnumbering all tourists arriving from Western Europe in 2017, with one in every five tourists being a Bangladeshi. Bangladesh accounts for more than 35% of India's international medical patients and contributes more than 50% of India's revenue from medical tourism.
India-Bangladesh relations have been gaining positive momentum over the last decade. As Bangladesh celebrates its 50 years of independence (March 26, 1971), India continues to be one of its most important neighbours and strategic partners. As the larger country, the onus is on India to be generous enough to let the water flow as this issue is constraining positive relations between the two neighbours. These small but important steps can remove long-standing snags in a relationship which otherwise is gradually coming of age in 50 years. To make the recent gains irreversible, both countries need to continue working on the three C's — cooperation, collaboration, and consolidation.

[Extracted, with edits, from an Opinion by Syed Munir Khasru, published in The Hindu, dated March 25, 2021]

Q. What played a significant role in Bangladesh's fight for independence according to the passage?

Detailed Solution for Test: CLAT Mock Test - 11 - Question 16

The passage states that India's political, diplomatic, military, and humanitarian support during Bangladesh's Liberation War played a crucial role in helping Bangladesh achieve its independence. This support was instrumental in the struggle for liberation, making option c) the correct answer.

Test: CLAT Mock Test - 11 - Question 17

Directions: Read the passage and answer the question that follows.

The friendship between India and Bangladesh is historic, evolving over the last 50 years. India's political, diplomatic, military and humanitarian support during Bangladesh's Liberation War played an important role towards Bangladesh's independence.
Post-Independence, the India-Bangladesh relationship has oscillated as Bangladesh passed through different regimes. The relationship remained cordial until the assassination of Bangladesh's founding President Sheikh Mujibur Rahman in August 15, 1975, followed by a period of military rule and the rise of General Ziaur Rahman who became President and also assassinated in 1981. It thawed again between 1982-1991 when a military-led government by General H.M. Ershad ruled the country. Since Bangladesh's return to parliamentary democracy in 1991, relations have gone through highs and lows. However, in the last decade, India-Bangladesh relations have warmed up, entering a new era of cooperation, and moving beyond historical and cultural ties to become more assimilated in the areas of trade, connectivity, energy, and defence.
Bangladesh and India have achieved the rare feat of solving their border issues peacefully by ratifying the historic Land Boundary Agreement in 2015, where enclaves were swapped allowing inhabitants to choose their country of residence and become citizens of either India or Bangladesh. The Bangladesh government led by Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina has uprooted anti-India insurgency elements from its borders, making the India-Bangladesh border one of the region's most peaceful, and allowing India to make a massive redeployment of resources to its more contentious borders elsewhere.
Bangladesh today is India's biggest trading partner in South Asia with exports to Bangladesh in FY 2018-19 at $9.21 billion and imports at $1.04 billion. Trade could be more balanced if non-tariff barriers from the Indian side could be removed. Bangladeshis make up a large portion of tourists in India, outnumbering all tourists arriving from Western Europe in 2017, with one in every five tourists being a Bangladeshi. Bangladesh accounts for more than 35% of India's international medical patients and contributes more than 50% of India's revenue from medical tourism.
India-Bangladesh relations have been gaining positive momentum over the last decade. As Bangladesh celebrates its 50 years of independence (March 26, 1971), India continues to be one of its most important neighbours and strategic partners. As the larger country, the onus is on India to be generous enough to let the water flow as this issue is constraining positive relations between the two neighbours. These small but important steps can remove long-standing snags in a relationship which otherwise is gradually coming of age in 50 years. To make the recent gains irreversible, both countries need to continue working on the three C's — cooperation, collaboration, and consolidation.

[Extracted, with edits, from an Opinion by Syed Munir Khasru, published in The Hindu, dated March 25, 2021]

Q. What is the primary focus of the passage?

Detailed Solution for Test: CLAT Mock Test - 11 - Question 17

The section gives a summary of the bilateral ties between Bangladesh and India. The author discusses changes in India-Bangladesh relations, border disputes, and trade interactions since the country's independence. As a result, option 2 accurately captures the passage's major idea.

Test: CLAT Mock Test - 11 - Question 18

Directions: Read the passage and answer the question that follows.

The friendship between India and Bangladesh is historic, evolving over the last 50 years. India's political, diplomatic, military and humanitarian support during Bangladesh's Liberation War played an important role towards Bangladesh's independence.
Post-Independence, the India-Bangladesh relationship has oscillated as Bangladesh passed through different regimes. The relationship remained cordial until the assassination of Bangladesh's founding President Sheikh Mujibur Rahman in August 15, 1975, followed by a period of military rule and the rise of General Ziaur Rahman who became President and also assassinated in 1981. It thawed again between 1982-1991 when a military-led government by General H.M. Ershad ruled the country. Since Bangladesh's return to parliamentary democracy in 1991, relations have gone through highs and lows. However, in the last decade, India-Bangladesh relations have warmed up, entering a new era of cooperation, and moving beyond historical and cultural ties to become more assimilated in the areas of trade, connectivity, energy, and defence.
Bangladesh and India have achieved the rare feat of solving their border issues peacefully by ratifying the historic Land Boundary Agreement in 2015, where enclaves were swapped allowing inhabitants to choose their country of residence and become citizens of either India or Bangladesh. The Bangladesh government led by Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina has uprooted anti-India insurgency elements from its borders, making the India-Bangladesh border one of the region's most peaceful, and allowing India to make a massive redeployment of resources to its more contentious borders elsewhere.
Bangladesh today is India's biggest trading partner in South Asia with exports to Bangladesh in FY 2018-19 at $9.21 billion and imports at $1.04 billion. Trade could be more balanced if non-tariff barriers from the Indian side could be removed. Bangladeshis make up a large portion of tourists in India, outnumbering all tourists arriving from Western Europe in 2017, with one in every five tourists being a Bangladeshi. Bangladesh accounts for more than 35% of India's international medical patients and contributes more than 50% of India's revenue from medical tourism.
India-Bangladesh relations have been gaining positive momentum over the last decade. As Bangladesh celebrates its 50 years of independence (March 26, 1971), India continues to be one of its most important neighbours and strategic partners. As the larger country, the onus is on India to be generous enough to let the water flow as this issue is constraining positive relations between the two neighbours. These small but important steps can remove long-standing snags in a relationship which otherwise is gradually coming of age in 50 years. To make the recent gains irreversible, both countries need to continue working on the three C's — cooperation, collaboration, and consolidation.

[Extracted, with edits, from an Opinion by Syed Munir Khasru, published in The Hindu, dated March 25, 2021]

Q. What does the term 'oscillated' mean in the context of the passage?

Detailed Solution for Test: CLAT Mock Test - 11 - Question 18

The second paragraph of the passage has the hint. It describes the ups and downs that Bangladesh and India have experienced. There are several times when the relationships were stronger and weaker mentioned. Inferring that "oscillated" implies "fluctuated," therefore.

Test: CLAT Mock Test - 11 - Question 19

Directions: Read the passage and answer the question that follows.

The friendship between India and Bangladesh is historic, evolving over the last 50 years. India's political, diplomatic, military and humanitarian support during Bangladesh's Liberation War played an important role towards Bangladesh's independence.
Post-Independence, the India-Bangladesh relationship has oscillated as Bangladesh passed through different regimes. The relationship remained cordial until the assassination of Bangladesh's founding President Sheikh Mujibur Rahman in August 15, 1975, followed by a period of military rule and the rise of General Ziaur Rahman who became President and also assassinated in 1981. It thawed again between 1982-1991 when a military-led government by General H.M. Ershad ruled the country. Since Bangladesh's return to parliamentary democracy in 1991, relations have gone through highs and lows. However, in the last decade, India-Bangladesh relations have warmed up, entering a new era of cooperation, and moving beyond historical and cultural ties to become more assimilated in the areas of trade, connectivity, energy, and defence.
Bangladesh and India have achieved the rare feat of solving their border issues peacefully by ratifying the historic Land Boundary Agreement in 2015, where enclaves were swapped allowing inhabitants to choose their country of residence and become citizens of either India or Bangladesh. The Bangladesh government led by Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina has uprooted anti-India insurgency elements from its borders, making the India-Bangladesh border one of the region's most peaceful, and allowing India to make a massive redeployment of resources to its more contentious borders elsewhere.
Bangladesh today is India's biggest trading partner in South Asia with exports to Bangladesh in FY 2018-19 at $9.21 billion and imports at $1.04 billion. Trade could be more balanced if non-tariff barriers from the Indian side could be removed. Bangladeshis make up a large portion of tourists in India, outnumbering all tourists arriving from Western Europe in 2017, with one in every five tourists being a Bangladeshi. Bangladesh accounts for more than 35% of India's international medical patients and contributes more than 50% of India's revenue from medical tourism.
India-Bangladesh relations have been gaining positive momentum over the last decade. As Bangladesh celebrates its 50 years of independence (March 26, 1971), India continues to be one of its most important neighbours and strategic partners. As the larger country, the onus is on India to be generous enough to let the water flow as this issue is constraining positive relations between the two neighbours. These small but important steps can remove long-standing snags in a relationship which otherwise is gradually coming of age in 50 years. To make the recent gains irreversible, both countries need to continue working on the three C's — cooperation, collaboration, and consolidation.

[Extracted, with edits, from an Opinion by Syed Munir Khasru, published in The Hindu, dated March 25, 2021]

Q. According to the information presented in the passage, what is a point of disagreement between India and Bangladesh?

Detailed Solution for Test: CLAT Mock Test - 11 - Question 19

Refer to the line 'As the larger country, the onus is on India to be generous enough to let the water flow as this issue is constraining positive relations between the two neighbours.' Thus, option 1 is correct.

Test: CLAT Mock Test - 11 - Question 20

Directions: Read the passage and answer the question that follows.

The friendship between India and Bangladesh is historic, evolving over the last 50 years. India's political, diplomatic, military and humanitarian support during Bangladesh's Liberation War played an important role towards Bangladesh's independence.
Post-Independence, the India-Bangladesh relationship has oscillated as Bangladesh passed through different regimes. The relationship remained cordial until the assassination of Bangladesh's founding President Sheikh Mujibur Rahman in August 15, 1975, followed by a period of military rule and the rise of General Ziaur Rahman who became President and also assassinated in 1981. It thawed again between 1982-1991 when a military-led government by General H.M. Ershad ruled the country. Since Bangladesh's return to parliamentary democracy in 1991, relations have gone through highs and lows. However, in the last decade, India-Bangladesh relations have warmed up, entering a new era of cooperation, and moving beyond historical and cultural ties to become more assimilated in the areas of trade, connectivity, energy, and defence.
Bangladesh and India have achieved the rare feat of solving their border issues peacefully by ratifying the historic Land Boundary Agreement in 2015, where enclaves were swapped allowing inhabitants to choose their country of residence and become citizens of either India or Bangladesh. The Bangladesh government led by Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina has uprooted anti-India insurgency elements from its borders, making the India-Bangladesh border one of the region's most peaceful, and allowing India to make a massive redeployment of resources to its more contentious borders elsewhere.
Bangladesh today is India's biggest trading partner in South Asia with exports to Bangladesh in FY 2018-19 at $9.21 billion and imports at $1.04 billion. Trade could be more balanced if non-tariff barriers from the Indian side could be removed. Bangladeshis make up a large portion of tourists in India, outnumbering all tourists arriving from Western Europe in 2017, with one in every five tourists being a Bangladeshi. Bangladesh accounts for more than 35% of India's international medical patients and contributes more than 50% of India's revenue from medical tourism.
India-Bangladesh relations have been gaining positive momentum over the last decade. As Bangladesh celebrates its 50 years of independence (March 26, 1971), India continues to be one of its most important neighbours and strategic partners. As the larger country, the onus is on India to be generous enough to let the water flow as this issue is constraining positive relations between the two neighbours. These small but important steps can remove long-standing snags in a relationship which otherwise is gradually coming of age in 50 years. To make the recent gains irreversible, both countries need to continue working on the three C's — cooperation, collaboration, and consolidation.

[Extracted, with edits, from an Opinion by Syed Munir Khasru, published in The Hindu, dated March 25, 2021]

Q. Which of the following measures has the author advised to close the import-export deficit between India and Bangladesh?

Detailed Solution for Test: CLAT Mock Test - 11 - Question 20

Regarding the statement, "Trade could be more balanced if non-tariff barriers from the Indian side could be removed," it supports option 3 as the correct choice. The passage does not provide backing for the other options.

Test: CLAT Mock Test - 11 - Question 21

Directions: Read the passage and answer the question that follows.

After graduation, our 18-year-old (former) students scatter to the four winds. We teach them, we set them loose, and we hope they do well. Yet just because they are no longer in our classrooms doesn't mean we don't wonder about them—what they're up to, how they're doing. Sometimes we get the answer to these questions via social media or some other digital means. And that's great, but not the same as seeing them in person.
Fortunately, sometimes they do come back to visit. They get a job in the area and come by after work. They are home from college for a break. They come to see friends, to see teachers, to help out. It means the world to me when they come back. Here's why.
I work closely with my kids, generally for several years. And then, they are gone. And I miss them. Every year I rework my program, my department, and my life to fill holes that kids leave when they graduate. I have to find someone to do the jobs they did, for me and for the program. Who is going to be the lead technician? Who is going to be the one who welcomes in the new kids? Who is going to be the student voice when I am making decisions? Who is going to be the one who makes us laugh?
Students leave holes, and sometimes we don't have anyone to fill them, especially the kids who have served as emotional caretakers. So when former students come in to say hi and see how things are going, I get them back for a bit!
One of the things I love most about teaching high school is watching my students grow and become adults. Once they graduate, though, I stop getting to see that process. When kids come back, I get to hear about their lives and see how much they've changed.
In my program, we tell stories about former students: the time B ripped his pants on stage during a show and handled it beautifully; the time C started the year in tears because of stage fright and ended the year with two shows under her belt; the way J ran everything and knew where everything was. These kids are the heroes of the department, and when the new kids get to meet them, it continues the tradition of learning from people who have been their shoes.
As someone who gets super focused and uptight, having someone come in who is there just to be happy and enjoy themselves reminds me of the fun parts of my job and to have fun with my students.

Q. What is the primary reason the author feels delighted when former students come back to visit?

Detailed Solution for Test: CLAT Mock Test - 11 - Question 21

In the passage, the author expresses a strong emotional attachment to their former students. They mention missing their students when they graduate and how former students' visits mean the world to them. The passage also hints at the emotional support that these former students provided. While other factors, such as curiosity about the students' well-being, play a role, the primary reason for their delight is the emotional connection and support that former students offer.

Test: CLAT Mock Test - 11 - Question 22

Directions: Read the passage and answer the question that follows.

After graduation, our 18-year-old (former) students scatter to the four winds. We teach them, we set them loose, and we hope they do well. Yet just because they are no longer in our classrooms doesn't mean we don't wonder about them—what they're up to, how they're doing. Sometimes we get the answer to these questions via social media or some other digital means. And that's great, but not the same as seeing them in person.
Fortunately, sometimes they do come back to visit. They get a job in the area and come by after work. They are home from college for a break. They come to see friends, to see teachers, to help out. It means the world to me when they come back. Here's why.
I work closely with my kids, generally for several years. And then, they are gone. And I miss them. Every year I rework my program, my department, and my life to fill holes that kids leave when they graduate. I have to find someone to do the jobs they did, for me and for the program. Who is going to be the lead technician? Who is going to be the one who welcomes in the new kids? Who is going to be the student voice when I am making decisions? Who is going to be the one who makes us laugh?
Students leave holes, and sometimes we don't have anyone to fill them, especially the kids who have served as emotional caretakers. So when former students come in to say hi and see how things are going, I get them back for a bit!
One of the things I love most about teaching high school is watching my students grow and become adults. Once they graduate, though, I stop getting to see that process. When kids come back, I get to hear about their lives and see how much they've changed.
In my program, we tell stories about former students: the time B ripped his pants on stage during a show and handled it beautifully; the time C started the year in tears because of stage fright and ended the year with two shows under her belt; the way J ran everything and knew where everything was. These kids are the heroes of the department, and when the new kids get to meet them, it continues the tradition of learning from people who have been their shoes.
As someone who gets super focused and uptight, having someone come in who is there just to be happy and enjoy themselves reminds me of the fun parts of my job and to have fun with my students.

Q. What does the author appreciate most about former students coming back to visit?

Detailed Solution for Test: CLAT Mock Test - 11 - Question 22

The passage highlights the importance of former students coming back to visit in terms of sharing stories about their lives. The author mentions anecdotes about former students, such as B ripping his pants on stage, C overcoming stage fright, and J's leadership qualities. These stories about their former students' growth and experiences are cherished by the author. While emotional support and reminiscing are also mentioned in the passage, the primary focus is on the stories and experiences that former students bring with them when they visit.

Test: CLAT Mock Test - 11 - Question 23

Directions: Read the passage and answer the question that follows.

After graduation, our 18-year-old (former) students scatter to the four winds. We teach them, we set them loose, and we hope they do well. Yet just because they are no longer in our classrooms doesn't mean we don't wonder about them—what they're up to, how they're doing. Sometimes we get the answer to these questions via social media or some other digital means. And that's great, but not the same as seeing them in person.
Fortunately, sometimes they do come back to visit. They get a job in the area and come by after work. They are home from college for a break. They come to see friends, to see teachers, to help out. It means the world to me when they come back. Here's why.
I work closely with my kids, generally for several years. And then, they are gone. And I miss them. Every year I rework my program, my department, and my life to fill holes that kids leave when they graduate. I have to find someone to do the jobs they did, for me and for the program. Who is going to be the lead technician? Who is going to be the one who welcomes in the new kids? Who is going to be the student voice when I am making decisions? Who is going to be the one who makes us laugh?
Students leave holes, and sometimes we don't have anyone to fill them, especially the kids who have served as emotional caretakers. So when former students come in to say hi and see how things are going, I get them back for a bit!
One of the things I love most about teaching high school is watching my students grow and become adults. Once they graduate, though, I stop getting to see that process. When kids come back, I get to hear about their lives and see how much they've changed.
In my program, we tell stories about former students: the time B ripped his pants on stage during a show and handled it beautifully; the time C started the year in tears because of stage fright and ended the year with two shows under her belt; the way J ran everything and knew where everything was. These kids are the heroes of the department, and when the new kids get to meet them, it continues the tradition of learning from people who have been their shoes.
As someone who gets super focused and uptight, having someone come in who is there just to be happy and enjoy themselves reminds me of the fun parts of my job and to have fun with my students.

Q. Which of the following best captures the major point of the passage's author?

Detailed Solution for Test: CLAT Mock Test - 11 - Question 23

Option 3—"Students mean much more to teachers than just a person they are assigned to teach"—is the right response. This is clear throughout the entire chapter, where the author talks about how happy she is when a former student comes back to visit, how they act as teachers' emotional caregivers, and how she worries about filling the gaps left by departing pupils.

Test: CLAT Mock Test - 11 - Question 24

Directions: Read the passage and answer the question that follows.

After graduation, our 18-year-old (former) students scatter to the four winds. We teach them, we set them loose, and we hope they do well. Yet just because they are no longer in our classrooms doesn't mean we don't wonder about them—what they're up to, how they're doing. Sometimes we get the answer to these questions via social media or some other digital means. And that's great, but not the same as seeing them in person.
Fortunately, sometimes they do come back to visit. They get a job in the area and come by after work. They are home from college for a break. They come to see friends, to see teachers, to help out. It means the world to me when they come back. Here's why.
I work closely with my kids, generally for several years. And then, they are gone. And I miss them. Every year I rework my program, my department, and my life to fill holes that kids leave when they graduate. I have to find someone to do the jobs they did, for me and for the program. Who is going to be the lead technician? Who is going to be the one who welcomes in the new kids? Who is going to be the student voice when I am making decisions? Who is going to be the one who makes us laugh?
Students leave holes, and sometimes we don't have anyone to fill them, especially the kids who have served as emotional caretakers. So when former students come in to say hi and see how things are going, I get them back for a bit!
One of the things I love most about teaching high school is watching my students grow and become adults. Once they graduate, though, I stop getting to see that process. When kids come back, I get to hear about their lives and see how much they've changed.
In my program, we tell stories about former students: the time B ripped his pants on stage during a show and handled it beautifully; the time C started the year in tears because of stage fright and ended the year with two shows under her belt; the way J ran everything and knew where everything was. These kids are the heroes of the department, and when the new kids get to meet them, it continues the tradition of learning from people who have been their shoes.
As someone who gets super focused and uptight, having someone come in who is there just to be happy and enjoy themselves reminds me of the fun parts of my job and to have fun with my students.

Q. What does the passage's use of the term "uptight" mean?

Detailed Solution for Test: CLAT Mock Test - 11 - Question 24

The correct answer is option b. It is clear when the author feels tense or anxious because she says, "Having someone come in who is there just to be happy and enjoy themselves reminds me of the fun parts of my job."

Test: CLAT Mock Test - 11 - Question 25

Directions: Read the passage and answer the question that follows.

After graduation, our 18-year-old (former) students scatter to the four winds. We teach them, we set them loose, and we hope they do well. Yet just because they are no longer in our classrooms doesn't mean we don't wonder about them—what they're up to, how they're doing. Sometimes we get the answer to these questions via social media or some other digital means. And that's great, but not the same as seeing them in person.
Fortunately, sometimes they do come back to visit. They get a job in the area and come by after work. They are home from college for a break. They come to see friends, to see teachers, to help out. It means the world to me when they come back. Here's why.
I work closely with my kids, generally for several years. And then, they are gone. And I miss them. Every year I rework my program, my department, and my life to fill holes that kids leave when they graduate. I have to find someone to do the jobs they did, for me and for the program. Who is going to be the lead technician? Who is going to be the one who welcomes in the new kids? Who is going to be the student voice when I am making decisions? Who is going to be the one who makes us laugh?
Students leave holes, and sometimes we don't have anyone to fill them, especially the kids who have served as emotional caretakers. So when former students come in to say hi and see how things are going, I get them back for a bit!
One of the things I love most about teaching high school is watching my students grow and become adults. Once they graduate, though, I stop getting to see that process. When kids come back, I get to hear about their lives and see how much they've changed.
In my program, we tell stories about former students: the time B ripped his pants on stage during a show and handled it beautifully; the time C started the year in tears because of stage fright and ended the year with two shows under her belt; the way J ran everything and knew where everything was. These kids are the heroes of the department, and when the new kids get to meet them, it continues the tradition of learning from people who have been their shoes.
As someone who gets super focused and uptight, having someone come in who is there just to be happy and enjoy themselves reminds me of the fun parts of my job and to have fun with my students.

Q. Which of the following could appropriately be referred to as a "hero of the department," according to the passage?

Detailed Solution for Test: CLAT Mock Test - 11 - Question 25

The correct answer is option A. According to the information in the last paragraph, the kids depicted seem to go above and beyond what was expected of them. We might deduce from this that a boy who excels in class and aids a fellow student will be regarded as a "hero of the department." possibilities 2, 3, and 4 cannot be accurate because none of the other possibilities make sense in this situation.

Test: CLAT Mock Test - 11 - Question 26

Directions: Read the passage carefully and answer the questions given beside.

The Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) will establish its first campus outside India in [1]. National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 focuses on internationalization and recommends that "High performing Indian universities will be encouraged to set up campuses in other countries”, the Ministry of External Affairs (MEA) said in a release. This historic step reflects India’s commitment to the Global South, S Jaishankar said in a tweet on Thursday.

Recognising the strategic partnership between the two countries, the relationship of educational partnership has been formalised by signing the document which provides the framework for the parties to detail the setting up of the proposed campus of [2] in [1], with plans to launch programs in Oct 2023, it added.

"This unique partnership will bring the top-ranked educational expertise of [2] to a prime destination in Africa and serve the imperative current needs of the region. The academic programs, curricula, student selection aspects, and pedagogical details will be by [2], whereas the capital and operating expenditure will be met by the government of [1]," the statement further read. [2] degrees will be awarded to the students enrolled in this campus. The setting up of the IIT Campus shall also enhance India’s reputation globally and its diplomatic relationships and expand the international footprint of [2], the MEA said.

[Extracted, with edits and revisions, from: “India to set up first IIT abroad in [1]; plans to launch programs in October 2023”, Business Today]

Q. What is the primary reason for the establishment of the Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) campus outside India?

Detailed Solution for Test: CLAT Mock Test - 11 - Question 26

The passage mentions that the establishment of the IIT campus outside India is in line with the National Education Policy (NEP) 2020, which focuses on internationalization and recommends that high-performing Indian universities, like IIT, should set up campuses in other countries. The purpose of this initiative is to cater to the educational needs of the "Global South," which refers to countries in Africa, Latin America, Asia, and Oceania that are economically and socially less developed. Therefore, the primary reason for setting up this campus is to provide quality education to students in these regions.

Test: CLAT Mock Test - 11 - Question 27

Directions: Read the passage carefully and answer the questions given beside.

The Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) will establish its first campus outside India in [1]. National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 focuses on internationalization and recommends that "High performing Indian universities will be encouraged to set up campuses in other countries”, the Ministry of External Affairs (MEA) said in a release. This historic step reflects India’s commitment to the Global South, S Jaishankar said in a tweet on Thursday.

Recognising the strategic partnership between the two countries, the relationship of educational partnership has been formalised by signing the document which provides the framework for the parties to detail the setting up of the proposed campus of [2] in [1], with plans to launch programs in Oct 2023, it added.

"This unique partnership will bring the top-ranked educational expertise of [2] to a prime destination in Africa and serve the imperative current needs of the region. The academic programs, curricula, student selection aspects, and pedagogical details will be by [2], whereas the capital and operating expenditure will be met by the government of [1]," the statement further read. [2] degrees will be awarded to the students enrolled in this campus. The setting up of the IIT Campus shall also enhance India’s reputation globally and its diplomatic relationships and expand the international footprint of [2], the MEA said.

[Extracted, with edits and revisions, from: “India to set up first IIT abroad in [1]; plans to launch programs in October 2023”, Business Today]

Q. Which of the top 150 universities in the world according to the 2024 edition of the QS World University Ranking has its greatest ranking ever come from an Indian educational institution?

Detailed Solution for Test: CLAT Mock Test - 11 - Question 27

In the 20th-anniversary edition of the 2024 rankings, the Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Bombay has achieved the top position among Indian institutions, securing the 149th rank. This marks a notable improvement compared to its 172nd position in the previous year's rankings.

Here are some key highlights:

  • IIT Delhi has secured the second position in the rankings, now at the 197th position, which is a slight increase from its previous rank of 174.
  • The Indian Institute of Science in Bangalore has seen a decline in its ranking, dropping to the 225th position from its previous rank of 155 in 2023.
  • Both the University of Delhi and Anna University have improved their rankings and are now among the top 500 universities in the world.
  • India is the seventh most represented country globally, with 45 universities making it to the rankings.
  • Globally, the top three positions are held by Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in the United States, followed by the University of Cambridge and the University of Oxford in the United Kingdom.
  • A significant achievement is that the National University of Singapore has become the first Asian university to enter the top 10 in these rankings.
Test: CLAT Mock Test - 11 - Question 28

Directions: Read the passage carefully and answer the questions given beside.

The Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) will establish its first campus outside India in [1]. National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 focuses on internationalization and recommends that "High performing Indian universities will be encouraged to set up campuses in other countries”, the Ministry of External Affairs (MEA) said in a release. This historic step reflects India’s commitment to the Global South, S Jaishankar said in a tweet on Thursday.

Recognising the strategic partnership between the two countries, the relationship of educational partnership has been formalised by signing the document which provides the framework for the parties to detail the setting up of the proposed campus of [2] in [1], with plans to launch programs in Oct 2023, it added.

"This unique partnership will bring the top-ranked educational expertise of [2] to a prime destination in Africa and serve the imperative current needs of the region. The academic programs, curricula, student selection aspects, and pedagogical details will be by [2], whereas the capital and operating expenditure will be met by the government of [1]," the statement further read. [2] degrees will be awarded to the students enrolled in this campus. The setting up of the IIT Campus shall also enhance India’s reputation globally and its diplomatic relationships and expand the international footprint of [2], the MEA said.

[Extracted, with edits and revisions, from: “India to set up first IIT abroad in [1]; plans to launch programs in October 2023”, Business Today]

Q. According to the National Institutional Ranking Framework (NIRF) 2023, which university has been named the best university?

Detailed Solution for Test: CLAT Mock Test - 11 - Question 28

The Indian Institute of Science (IISc) in Bengaluru has maintained its position as the country's top-ranked university for the eighth consecutive year.

Here are some key highlights:

  • The Indian Institute of Technology (IIT)-Madras in Chennai has consistently held the top spot in the overall rankings for the fifth consecutive time.
  • The National Institutional Ranking Framework (NIRF), which operates under the Union Ministry of Education, has unveiled the India Rankings 2023 for higher education institutions.
  • Miranda House in Delhi has been recognized as the best college, while the Indian Institute of Management (IIM) in Ahmedabad has achieved the top ranking among management institutes. The National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) in Hyderabad has been ranked number one for pharmaceutical studies.
  • The All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) in Delhi has been ranked as the best medical college, and the Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences in Chennai holds the top position among dental colleges. The National Law School of India University in Bengaluru has been ranked as the best law college in the country.
  • The Indian Agricultural Research Institute in New Delhi has secured the top position in the field of 'Agriculture and Allied Sectors.'
  • NIRF, which was approved by the Ministry of Education (formerly known as the Ministry of Human Resource Development), was launched on September 29, 2015. It represents the government's pioneering effort to rank Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) across the nation.
Test: CLAT Mock Test - 11 - Question 29

Directions: Read the passage carefully and answer the questions given beside.

The Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) will establish its first campus outside India in [1]. National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 focuses on internationalization and recommends that "High performing Indian universities will be encouraged to set up campuses in other countries”, the Ministry of External Affairs (MEA) said in a release. This historic step reflects India’s commitment to the Global South, S Jaishankar said in a tweet on Thursday.

Recognising the strategic partnership between the two countries, the relationship of educational partnership has been formalised by signing the document which provides the framework for the parties to detail the setting up of the proposed campus of [2] in [1], with plans to launch programs in Oct 2023, it added.

"This unique partnership will bring the top-ranked educational expertise of [2] to a prime destination in Africa and serve the imperative current needs of the region. The academic programs, curricula, student selection aspects, and pedagogical details will be by [2], whereas the capital and operating expenditure will be met by the government of [1]," the statement further read. [2] degrees will be awarded to the students enrolled in this campus. The setting up of the IIT Campus shall also enhance India’s reputation globally and its diplomatic relationships and expand the international footprint of [2], the MEA said.

[Extracted, with edits and revisions, from: “India to set up first IIT abroad in [1]; plans to launch programs in October 2023”, Business Today]

Q. The National Education Policy 2020 states that the higher education gross enrollment ratio must increase to 50% by-

Detailed Solution for Test: CLAT Mock Test - 11 - Question 29

As per the guidelines outlined in the National Education Policy 2020, the objective is to increase the Gross Enrolment Ratio in higher education to 50% by the year 2035.

Here are some key points to consider:

  • In July 2020, the National Education Policy 2020 received approval from the Union Cabinet, which was chaired by the Prime Minister.
  • This new policy is aimed at initiating significant reforms in both the school and higher education systems within the country. It is designed to replace the previous National Policy on Education (NPE) from 1986, which was in effect for 34 years.
  • The policy's vision includes the establishment of the National Research Foundation, which will serve as the apex institution responsible for fostering a robust research culture and enhancing research capabilities within higher education.
  • To oversee the entire higher education sector, excluding medical and legal education, the Higher Education Commission of India (HECI) will be established as a single overarching governing body.
  • HECI will be organized into four distinct verticals: the National Higher Education Regulatory Council (NHERC) for regulatory matters, the General Education Council (GEC) for standardization, the Higher Education Grants Council (HEGC) for funding, and the National Accreditation Council (NAC) for accreditation purposes.
  • The policy emphasizes uniform norms for the regulation, accreditation, and academic standards governing both public and private higher education institutions.
  • Over a span of 15 years, the affiliation of colleges will be gradually phased out, and a structured approach will be implemented to grant colleges graded autonomy.
  • The long-term goal is for every college to evolve into either an independent degree-granting institution or become a constituent college affiliated with a university.
Test: CLAT Mock Test - 11 - Question 30

Directions: Read the passage carefully and answer the questions given beside.

The Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) will establish its first campus outside India in [1]. National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 focuses on internationalization and recommends that "High performing Indian universities will be encouraged to set up campuses in other countries”, the Ministry of External Affairs (MEA) said in a release. This historic step reflects India’s commitment to the Global South, S Jaishankar said in a tweet on Thursday.

Recognising the strategic partnership between the two countries, the relationship of educational partnership has been formalised by signing the document which provides the framework for the parties to detail the setting up of the proposed campus of [2] in [1], with plans to launch programs in Oct 2023, it added.

"This unique partnership will bring the top-ranked educational expertise of [2] to a prime destination in Africa and serve the imperative current needs of the region. The academic programs, curricula, student selection aspects, and pedagogical details will be by [2], whereas the capital and operating expenditure will be met by the government of [1]," the statement further read. [2] degrees will be awarded to the students enrolled in this campus. The setting up of the IIT Campus shall also enhance India’s reputation globally and its diplomatic relationships and expand the international footprint of [2], the MEA said.

[Extracted, with edits and revisions, from: “India to set up first IIT abroad in [1]; plans to launch programs in October 2023”, Business Today]

Q. In the excerpt above, what place's name has been changed to '[1]'?

Detailed Solution for Test: CLAT Mock Test - 11 - Question 30

The location referred to as '[1]' in the passage above is indeed Zanzibar, Tanzania.

Here are some important details:

  • The Indian Institute of Technology Madras (IITM) is embarking on its inaugural venture beyond Indian borders by establishing a campus in Zanzibar, Tanzania.
  • The formalization of this initiative occurred through the signing of a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) involving the Ministry of Education (MoE) of the Government of India, IITM, and the Ministry of Education and Vocational Training (MoEVT) of Zanzibar, Tanzania.
  • Zanzibar is an Indian Ocean archipelago, and it holds a semi-autonomous status within Tanzania. This region comprises the primary island of Zanzibar (also known as Unjuga), Pemba, and several smaller nearby islands.
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