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Test: Microbes in Human Welfare - 1 - NEET MCQ


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25 Questions MCQ Test - Test: Microbes in Human Welfare - 1

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Test: Microbes in Human Welfare - 1 - Question 1

Micro-organisms that grow in milk and convert it to curd are commonly called _________.

Detailed Solution for Test: Microbes in Human Welfare - 1 - Question 1

Microbes such as Lactobacillus and others commonly called lactic acid bacteria (LAB) grow in milk and convert it into curd.

Hence, the correct option is C.
NCERT Reference: Topic- " MICROBES IN HOUSEHOLD PRODUCTS” of chapter "Microbes in Human Welfare" of NCERT 

Topic in NCERT: MICROBES IN HOUSEHOLD PRODUCTS

Line in NCERT: "Micro-organisms such as Lactobacillus and others commonly called lactic acid bacteria (LAB) grow in milk and convert it to curd."

Test: Microbes in Human Welfare - 1 - Question 2

Ethanol is commercially produced through a particular species of _________.

Detailed Solution for Test: Microbes in Human Welfare - 1 - Question 2

Saccharomyces is a yeast that is used to ferment sugar to produce ethanol in absence of oxygen or by anaerobic respiration.

Hence, the correct option is B.
NCERT Reference: Topic Fermented Beverages” of chapter "Microbes in Human Welfare" of NCERT.  

Topic in NCERT: Fermented Beverages

Line in NCERT: "Yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) is used for commercial production of ethanol."

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Test: Microbes in Human Welfare - 1 - Question 3

The puffed-up appearance of dough is due to production of? 

Detailed Solution for Test: Microbes in Human Welfare - 1 - Question 3

  • The puffed-up appearance of dough is due to the production of CO2 gas.
  • Baking soda (sodium hydrogen carbonate) on heating releases carbon dioxide gas along with sodium carbonate.

Hence, the correct option is B.
NCERT Reference: Topic- MICROBES IN HOUSEHOLD PRODUCTS of chapter "Microbes in Human Welfare" of NCERT.  

Topic in NCERT: MICROBES IN PRODUCTION OF BIOGAS

Line in NCERT: "The puffed-up appearance of dough is due to the production of CO2 gas."

Test: Microbes in Human Welfare - 1 - Question 4

Which of the following bacterium produces butyric acid?

Detailed Solution for Test: Microbes in Human Welfare - 1 - Question 4

  • Clostridium butylicum is used to produce butyric acid.
  • Butyric acid is an important industrial chemical used to process food items.

Hence, the correct option is A.
NCERT Reference: Topic-  Chemicals, Enzymes and other Bioactive Molecules” of chapter "Microbes in Human Welfare" of NCERT.  

Topic in NCERT: Chemicals, Enzymes and other Bioactive Molecules

Line in NCERT: "Examples of acid producers are Aspergillus niger (a fungus) of citric acid, Acetobacter aceti (a bacterium) of acetic acid; Clostridium butylicum (a bacterium) of butyric acid and Lactobacillus (a bacterium) of lactic acid."

Test: Microbes in Human Welfare - 1 - Question 5

The most common fungal partners of mycorrhiza are _________ species.

Detailed Solution for Test: Microbes in Human Welfare - 1 - Question 5

  • Mycorrhiza is a symbiotic association between fungus and angiosperms.
  • The most common fungal partners of mycorrhiza are the Glomus species.

Hence, the correct option is D.
NCERT Reference: Topic- MICROBES AS BIOFERTILISERS” of chapter "Microbes in Human Welfare" of NCERT.  

Topic in NCERT: MICROBES AS BIOFERTILISERS

Line in NCERT: "Many members of the genus Glomus form mycorrhiza."

Test: Microbes in Human Welfare - 1 - Question 6

Yeast is used in the production of:

Detailed Solution for Test: Microbes in Human Welfare - 1 - Question 6

  • Yeast is used in the production of alcohol, wine-making and in baking bread.
  • Saccharomyces cerevisiae is known as baker's yeast and Saccharomyces ellipsoidens is called wine yeast. 

Hence, the correct  option is D.
NCERT Reference: Topic- Fermented Beverages” of chapter "Microbes in Human Welfare" of NCERT.  

Topic in NCERT: Fermented Beverages

Line in NCERT: "Microbes especially yeasts have been used from time immemorial for the production of beverages like wine, beer, whisky, brandy or rum."

Test: Microbes in Human Welfare - 1 - Question 7

What do we collectively call the biogas producing bacteria?

Detailed Solution for Test: Microbes in Human Welfare - 1 - Question 7

  • The biogas-producing bacteria are collectively known as methanogens and one such common bacterium is Methanobacterium.
  • These bacteria are commonly found in the anaerobic sludge during sewage treatment and also in the rumen of cattle.

Hence, the correct option is D.

Topic in NCERT: MICROBES IN PRODUCTION OF BIOGAS

Line in NCERT: "These bacteria are collectively called methanogens, and one such common bacterium is Methanobacterium."

Test: Microbes in Human Welfare - 1 - Question 8

On which of the following factors does the type of gas produced depend?

Detailed Solution for Test: Microbes in Human Welfare - 1 - Question 8

  • The type of gas produced depends upon the microbes and the organic substrates they utilise.
  • Example: In the fermentation of dough, cheese making and production of beverages, the main gas produced is CO2.

Hence, the correct option is C.
NCERT Reference: Topic- MICROBES IN PRODUCTION OF BIOGAS” of chapter "Microbes in Human Welfare" of NCERT.  

Topic in NCERT: MICROBES IN PRODUCTION OF BIOGAS

Line in NCERT: "The type of the gas produced depends upon the microbes and the organic substrates they utilise."

Test: Microbes in Human Welfare - 1 - Question 9

First organic acid produced by microbial fermentation is _________.

Detailed Solution for Test: Microbes in Human Welfare - 1 - Question 9

  • The first organic acid produced by microbial fermentation was lactic acid.
  • Lactic acid is produced by the anaerobic respiration of glucose.

Hence, the correct option is C.
NCERT Reference: Topic- Chemicals, Enzymes and other Bioactive Molecules” of chapter "Microbes in Human Welfare" of NCERT.  

Topic in NCERT: MICROBES IN INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTS

Line in NCERT: "Lactobacillus (a bacterium) of lactic acid."

Test: Microbes in Human Welfare - 1 - Question 10

Treatment of wastewater is done by:

Detailed Solution for Test: Microbes in Human Welfare - 1 - Question 10

  • Treatment of wastewater is done by the heterotrophic microbes naturally present in the sewage.
  • This treatment is carried out in two stages:
    (i) Primary Treatment  
    (ii) Secondary Treatment

Hence, the correct option is B.
NCERT Reference: Topic- MICROBES IN SEWAGE TREATMENT” of chapter "Microbes in Human Welfare" of NCERT.  

Topic in NCERT: TREATMENT OF WASTE WATER

Line in NCERT: "Treatment of waste water is done by the heterotrophic microbes naturally present in the sewage."

Test: Microbes in Human Welfare - 1 - Question 11

Which of the following crops has been developed by genetic engineering in India?

Detailed Solution for Test: Microbes in Human Welfare - 1 - Question 11

  • Due to the development of various methods of genetic engineering, in the last decade or so, scientists have introduced Bacillus thuringiensis toxin genes into the plants. Such plants are resistant to attack by insect pests.
  • These are available in sachets as dried spores which are mixed with water and sprayed onto vulnerable plants such as brassicas and fruit trees, where these are eaten by the insect larvae. In the gut of the larvae, the toxin is released and the larvae get killed. The bacterial disease will kill the caterpillars, but leave other insects unharmed.
  • Bt-cotton is one such example, which is being cultivated in some states of our country.

Hence, the correct option is A.
NCERT Reference: Topic- MICROBES AS BIOCONTROL AGENTS” of chapter "Microbes in Human Welfare" of NCERT.  

Topic in NCERT: MICROBES AS BIOCONTROL AGENTS

Line in NCERT: "Bt-cotton is one such example, which is being cultivated in some states of our country."

Test: Microbes in Human Welfare - 1 - Question 12

Which of the following is mainly produced by the activity of anaerobic bacteria on sewage?

Detailed Solution for Test: Microbes in Human Welfare - 1 - Question 12

  • Methane is also called marsh gas because it is produced by the anaerobic bacterial decomposition of vegetable matter underwater or in a marshy area. 
  • The decomposition of sludge by anaerobic bacteria in sewage-treatment processes also produces a gas rich in methane. This gas has a pungent smell and is highly flammable.

Hence, the correct option is D.
NCERT Reference: Topic- MICROBES IN SEWAGE TREATMENT” of chapter "Microbes in Human Welfare" of NCERT.  

Topic in NCERT: MICROBES IN PRODUCTION OF BIOGAS

Line in NCERT: "These bacteria are commonly found in the anaerobic sludge during sewage treatment."

Test: Microbes in Human Welfare - 1 - Question 13

Secondary treatment of sewage is also called _________.

Detailed Solution for Test: Microbes in Human Welfare - 1 - Question 13

Secondary treatment of sewage is also called biological treatment because in this treatment aeration of sewage water is done that increases the microbes that decompose the organic materials in sewage water.

Hence, the correct option is A.
NCERT Reference: Topic- MICROBES IN SEWAGE TREATMENT” of chapter "Microbes in Human Welfare" of NCERT.  

Topic in NCERT: Secondary treatment or Biological treatment

Line in NCERT: "Secondary treatment or Biological treatment: The primary effluent is passed into large aeration tanks where it is constantly agitated mechanically and air is pumped into it."

Test: Microbes in Human Welfare - 1 - Question 14

High value of BOD shows?

Detailed Solution for Test: Microbes in Human Welfare - 1 - Question 14

  • Biological oxygen demand is the amount of oxygen required to completely decompose the organic waste present in one litre of water by bacteria.
  • A high value of BOD shows that water is highly polluted.

Hence, the correct option is A.
NCERT Reference: Topic- MICROBES IN SEWAGE TREATMENT” of chapter "Microbes in Human Welfare" of NCERT.  

Topic in NCERT: BOD and its Impact on Water Pollution

Line in NCERT: "The greater the BOD of waste water, more is its polluting potential."

Test: Microbes in Human Welfare - 1 - Question 15

Which of the following is an aerobic nitrogen-fixing bacterium?

Detailed Solution for Test: Microbes in Human Welfare - 1 - Question 15
  • Some of the aerobic nitrogen-fixing bacteria are Azotobacter and Beijerinckia.
  • Some of the anaerobic nitrogen-fixing bacteria are Clostridium, Rhodospirillum and Rhodopseudomonas.
  • Soil is enriched through exudation and the formation of nitrates after their death and decay.

Hence, the correct option is A.
NCERT Reference: Topic- MICROBES AS BIOFERTILISERS” of chapter "Microbes in Human Welfare" of NCERT.  

Test: Microbes in Human Welfare - 1 - Question 16

The common nitrogen-fixer in paddy fields is _________.

Detailed Solution for Test: Microbes in Human Welfare - 1 - Question 16


 

  • Atmospheric nitrogen is not available to plants. There are certain nitrogen-fixing bacteria that convert atmospheric nitrogen into ammonium compounds and make them available to the plants.Examples: Azotobacter, Frankia, Rhizobium, Azospirillum.
  • Out of these, Azospirillum is widely used as a nitrogen fixer organism in paddy fields. It is used as a biofertilizer in rice fields. It promotes plant growth.

Hence, the correct option is D.
NCERT Reference: Topic- MICROBES AS BIOFERTILIZERS” of chapter "Microbes in Human Welfare" of NCERT.  

Test: Microbes in Human Welfare - 1 - Question 17

The most important of the symbiotic nitrogen-fixing bacteria which forms nodules on the roots of legume plants is _________.

Detailed Solution for Test: Microbes in Human Welfare - 1 - Question 17

  • Rhizobium is a nitrogen-fixing bacteria found in the nodule of a leguminous plant's root.
  • These bacteria fix atmospheric nitrogen into organic forms, which is used by the plant as nutrient.
  • It increases the fertility of the soil.

Hence, the correct option is D.
NCERT Reference: Topic: MICROBES AS BIOFERTILIZERS” of chapter "Microbes in Human Welfare" of NCERT.  

Topic in NCERT: MICROBES AS BIOFERTILISERS

Line in NCERT: "You have studied about the nodules on the roots of leguminous plants formed by the symbiotic association of Rhizobium."

Test: Microbes in Human Welfare - 1 - Question 18

Baculoviruses are pathogens that:

Detailed Solution for Test: Microbes in Human Welfare - 1 - Question 18

  • Baculoviruses are pathogens that attack insects and other arthropods.
  • The majority of baculoviruses used as biological control agents fall under the genus Nucleopolyhedrovirus.

Hence, the correct option is C.
NCERT Reference: Topic- MICROBES AS BIOCONTROL AGENTS” of chapter "Microbes in Human Welfare" of NCERT.  

Topic in NCERT: BACULOVIRUSES AS BIOLOGICAL CONTROL AGENTS

Line in NCERT: "Baculoviruses are pathogens that attack insects and other arthropods."

Test: Microbes in Human Welfare - 1 - Question 19

Assertion: Biofertilizers are organisms that enrich the nutrient quality of the soil.
Reason: Organic farming is the farming technique in which no chemical is used as fertilizers or insecticides.

Detailed Solution for Test: Microbes in Human Welfare - 1 - Question 19

Explanation of Assertion: Biofertilizers are living microorganisms that, when applied to seeds, plant surfaces, or soil, colonize the rhizosphere or the interior of the plant and promote growth by increasing the supply or availability of primary nutrients to the host plant. They are a natural and environmentally friendly way to provide essential nutrients to plants, which in turn boosts soil fertility and productivity.

Explanation of Reason: Organic farming is an agricultural system that seeks to provide the consumer with fresh, tasty, and authentic food while respecting natural life-cycle systems. It involves the use of natural fertilizers, such as compost, manure, and green manure, instead of synthetic fertilizers. It also relies on natural pest control methods, such as biological control, crop rotation, and the use of resistant plant varieties, instead of chemical pesticides.

While both the assertion and reason are correct statements, the reason does not directly explain the assertion. The assertion is about the role of biofertilizers in enriching soil nutrients, while the reason is about the principles of organic farming, which is a broader concept that encompasses not only the use of biofertilizers but also other natural and sustainable practices.

Topic in NCERT: MICROBES AS BIOFERTILISERS

Line in NCERT: "Biofertilisers are organisms that enrich the nutrient quality of the soil."

Test: Microbes in Human Welfare - 1 - Question 20

BOD of waste water is estimated by measuring the amount of:

Detailed Solution for Test: Microbes in Human Welfare - 1 - Question 20

BOD refers to the amount of the oxygen that would be consumed if all the organic matter in one liter of water were oxidised by bacteria.

Topic in NCERT: Biological treatment of sewage

Line in NCERT: "The BOD test measures the rate of uptake of oxygen by micro-organisms in a sample of water and thus, indirectly, BOD is a measure of the organic matter present in the water."

Test: Microbes in Human Welfare - 1 - Question 21

The main source of bio-fertilizers is/are:

Detailed Solution for Test: Microbes in Human Welfare - 1 - Question 21

Bio-fertilizer enriches the nutrient in the soil. The main sources of bio-fertilizers are bacteria, fungi and cyanobacteria.

Hence, the correct option is D.
NCERT Reference: Topic- MICROBES AS BIOFERTILISERS” of chapter "Microbes in Human Welfare" of NCERT.  

Topic in NCERT: MICROBES AS BIOFERTILISERS

Line in NCERT: "The main sources of biofertilisers are bacteria, fungi and cyanobacteria."

Test: Microbes in Human Welfare - 1 - Question 22

Select the correct statement from the following

Detailed Solution for Test: Microbes in Human Welfare - 1 - Question 22
  • This allows vigorous growth of useful aerobic microbes into flocs (masses of bacteria associated with fungal filaments to form mesh like structures).
  • Once the BOD of sewage or waste water is reduced significantly, the effluent is then passed into a settling tank where the bacterial ‘flocs’ are allowed to sediment.
  • This sediment is called activated sludge.
Test: Microbes in Human Welfare - 1 - Question 23

In which of the following microbes are not used extensively?
I. Converting milk into curd.
II. Making cheese of different flavour and taste.
III. Production of anti-viral drugs.
IV. Production of antibiotics.
V. As bio-fertilizers.
VI. Production of inorganic fertilizers.

Detailed Solution for Test: Microbes in Human Welfare - 1 - Question 23
  • Microbes are not used in the production of antiviral drugs and the production of inorganic fertilizers.
  • Although, microbes are used in converting milk into curd, antibiotic production, sewage treatment, bread and cheese industry etc.

Hence, the correct option is C.
NCERT Reference: Topic- MICROBES IN SEWAGE TREATMENT” and  MICROBES IN INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTS” of chapter "Microbes in Human Welfare" of NCERT.  

Test: Microbes in Human Welfare - 1 - Question 24

The free-living fungus Trichoderma can be used for:

Detailed Solution for Test: Microbes in Human Welfare - 1 - Question 24

A biological control being developed for use in the treatment of plant disease is the fungus Trichoderma. Trichoderma species are free-living fungi that are very common in the root ecosystems. They are effective biocontrol agents of several plant pathogens.

Topic in NCERT: MICROBES AS BIOCONTROL AGENTS

Line in NCERT: "A biological control being developed for use in the treatment of plant disease is the fungus Trichoderma. Trichoderma species are free-living fungi that are very common in the root ecosystems. They are effective biocontrol agents of several plant pathogens."

Test: Microbes in Human Welfare - 1 - Question 25

Select the correct statement

Detailed Solution for Test: Microbes in Human Welfare - 1 - Question 25
  • Alexander Fleming while working on Staphylococci bacteria, once observed a mould growing in one of his unwashed culture plates around which Staphylococci could not grow.
  • He found out that it was due to a chemical produced by the mould and he named it Penicillin after the mould Penicillium notatum.
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