Bihar PRT Mock Test - 3 - Bihar PGT/TGT/PRT MCQ

निर्देशः नीचे दिए गए अपठित गद्यांश को ध्यानपूर्वक पढ़ें एवं उस पर आधारित प्रश्न के उत्तर दें।
चुनाव पूर्व सर्वेक्षण एवं एक्जिट पोल का लोकतन्त्र में क्या महत्त्व है? यह प्रश्न विचारणीय है। लोकतन्त्र रूपी वृक्ष जनता द्वारा रोपा और सींचा जाता है, इसके पल्लवन एवं पुष्पन में मीडिया की विशेष भूमिका होती है। भारत एक लोकतान्त्रिक राष्ट्र है। लोकतान्त्रिक राष्ट्र में नागरिकों को विशिष्ट अधिकार और स्वतन्त्रताएँ प्राप्त होती हैं। भारतीय संविधान ने भी अनुच्छेद 19 (i) के अन्तर्गत नागरिकों को अभिव्यक्ति की स्वतन्त्रता प्रदान की है, लेकिन जनता के व्यापक हित पर प्रतिकूल प्रभाव डालने वाली स्वतन्त्रता बाधित भी की जानी चाहिए। भारत जैसे अल्पशिक्षित देश में इस प्रकार के सर्वेंक्षण अनुचित हैं। देश की आम जनता पर मीडिया द्वारा किए जाने वाले चुनाव पूर्व सर्वेक्षण और चुनाव के तुरन्त पश्चात् किए जाने वाले एक्जिट पोल का भ्रामक प्रभाव पड़ता है। वह विजयी होती पार्टी की ओर झ़ुक जाती है। आज भी सामान्य लोगों के बीच ये आम धारणा है कि हम अपना वोट खराब नहीं करेंगे, जीतने वाले प्रत्याशी को ही वोट देंगे। वर्तमान में बाजारवाद अपने उत्कर्ष पर है और मीडिया इसके दुष्प्रभाव से अनछुआ नहीं है। यह कहना अतिशयोक्ति न होगी कि आज मीडिया भी अधिकाधिक संख्या में प्रसार और धन पाने को बुभुक्षित है। मीडिया सत्ताधारी और मजबूत राजनीतिक दलों के प्रभाव में भी रहता है। ये दल धन के. बल पर लोक रुझान को अपने पक्ष में दिखाने में सफल हो जाते हैं और सम्पूर्ण चुनाव प्रक्रिया को ही धता बता देते हैं। इस प्रकार सत्ता एवं धन इन सर्वेक्षणों को प्रभावित करते हैं। इन्हें दूध का धुला नहीं कहा जा सकता। भारत जैसे लोकतान्त्रिक राष्ट्र में जहाँ जनता निर्वाचन प्रक्रिया के माध्यम से अपना मत अभिव्यक्त करती है, वहाँ इन सर्वेक्षणों के औचित्य-अनौचित्य पर विचार किया जाना चाहिए। न्यायालय को यदि संविधान के अनुसार चलने की बाध्यता है, तो संसद को संविधान में संशोधन करने की शक्ति प्राप्त है। वह अपने अधिकारों का प्रयोग करके कोई सार्थक प्रयास कर सकती है।

Q. लेखक ने 'दूध का धुला न होना' किसे कहा है?-सा है?

निर्देशः नीचे दिए गए अपठित गद्यांश को ध्यानपूर्वक पढ़ें एवं उस पर आधारित प्रश्न के उत्तर दें।
चुनाव पूर्व सर्वेक्षण एवं एक्जिट पोल का लोकतन्त्र में क्या महत्त्व है? यह प्रश्न विचारणीय है। लोकतन्त्र रूपी वृक्ष जनता द्वारा रोपा और सींचा जाता है, इसके पल्लवन एवं पुष्पन में मीडिया की विशेष भूमिका होती है। भारत एक लोकतान्त्रिक राष्ट्र है। लोकतान्त्रिक राष्ट्र में नागरिकों को विशिष्ट अधिकार और स्वतन्त्रताएँ प्राप्त होती हैं। भारतीय संविधान ने भी अनुच्छेद 19 (i) के अन्तर्गत नागरिकों को अभिव्यक्ति की स्वतन्त्रता प्रदान की है, लेकिन जनता के व्यापक हित पर प्रतिकूल प्रभाव डालने वाली स्वतन्त्रता बाधित भी की जानी चाहिए। भारत जैसे अल्पशिक्षित देश में इस प्रकार के सर्वेंक्षण अनुचित हैं। देश की आम जनता पर मीडिया द्वारा किए जाने वाले चुनाव पूर्व सर्वेक्षण और चुनाव के तुरन्त पश्चात् किए जाने वाले एक्जिट पोल का भ्रामक प्रभाव पड़ता है। वह विजयी होती पार्टी की ओर झ़ुक जाती है। आज भी सामान्य लोगों के बीच ये आम धारणा है कि हम अपना वोट खराब नहीं करेंगे, जीतने वाले प्रत्याशी को ही वोट देंगे। वर्तमान में बाजारवाद अपने उत्कर्ष पर है और मीडिया इसके दुष्प्रभाव से अनछुआ नहीं है। यह कहना अतिशयोक्ति न होगी कि आज मीडिया भी अधिकाधिक संख्या में प्रसार और धन पाने को बुभुक्षित है। मीडिया सत्ताधारी और मजबूत राजनीतिक दलों के प्रभाव में भी रहता है। ये दल धन के. बल पर लोक रुझान को अपने पक्ष में दिखाने में सफल हो जाते हैं और सम्पूर्ण चुनाव प्रक्रिया को ही धता बता देते हैं। इस प्रकार सत्ता एवं धन इन सर्वेक्षणों को प्रभावित करते हैं। इन्हें दूध का धुला नहीं कहा जा सकता। भारत जैसे लोकतान्त्रिक राष्ट्र में जहाँ जनता निर्वाचन प्रक्रिया के माध्यम से अपना मत अभिव्यक्त करती है, वहाँ इन सर्वेक्षणों के औचित्य-अनौचित्य पर विचार किया जाना चाहिए। न्यायालय को यदि संविधान के अनुसार चलने की बाध्यता है, तो संसद को संविधान में संशोधन करने की शक्ति प्राप्त है। वह अपने अधिकारों का प्रयोग करके कोई सार्थक प्रयास कर सकती है।

Q. गद्यांश से निष्कर्ष निकलता है कि:

इनमें से क्रियाविशेषण का कौन सा भेद है?

निर्देश: निम्नलिखित शब्द के लिए उसके नीचे दिए गए विकल्पों में से सही पर्यायवाची शब्द चुनकर उत्तर दीजिए। 
खर

'मतैक्य' में कौन सी संधि है?

निर्देश: नीचे दिए गए शब्द के विलोम स्वरूप चार विकल्प दिए गए हैं। दिए गए विकल्पों में से सही विकल्प चुनिए।
सन्धि

'अवनत' शब्द में प्रयुक्त उपसर्ग है:

सर्वनाम कितनें प्रकार के होते हैं?

दिये गए विकल्पों में से तत्सम शब्द चुनें-

गलत विलोम युग्म छाँटिए:

निम्नलिखित शब्दों में से कौन-सा शब्द संज्ञा है?

कौन सा शब्द चाँदनी का पर्यायवाची शब्द नहीं है?

Direction: Read the following passages carefully and answer the question that follows.
The ancient Harappan Civilization emerged, flourished and collapsed under a steadily weakening monsoon, according to new research findings, that scientists say, provide the strongest evidence yet to link its risk and fall to changing climate. A team of scientists has combined multiple sets of date to show that weakening monsoon and reduced river water initially stimulated intensive agriculture and urbanisation, but later precipitated the decline and collapse of the subcontinent's earliest cities. The scientist said their research also suggests that a larger river, summed to be the mythical Saraswati, which once watered the Harappan Civilization's heartland between the suggests it was a glacier fed river with origins in the Himalyas. The findings appear today in the US Journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Science

Q. What task the team of scientists was assigned to?

Direction: Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions that follow each passage. Your answer to these questions should be based on the passage only.
Every successful man fails at some time. Failure tells you about your weaknesses, shortcomings, lack of preparations, lack of efforts. So if you can manage to learn from it contributes to lasting success. Extract the lesson to learn from failure and try again with redoubled vigor. Facing failure makes one strong, more wise and more resolute, spurs them on to greatest efforts. There is not failure in truth, save from within; unless we are beaten there, We are bound to succeed. Failures not only tell us that we couldn't prepare ourselves up to the level of success and with more hard work. Failures are the stepping stones of success. Every successful man has failed, not once but several times, in their life, but they analyzed the things in real perspective and tried again with more vigor and zeal and achieved success.

Q. What does failure teach, besides letting us know our shortcomings?
1. We couldn't prepare ourselves up to the level of success
2. It tells us that we still need to learn
3. We learn from mistakes
Which of the above statements is/are correct?

Direction: Read the following passages carefully and answer the question that follows.
The ancient Harappan Civilization emerged, flourished and collapsed under a steadily weakening monsoon, according to new research findings, that scientists say, provide the strongest evidence yet to link its risk and fall to changing climate. A team of scientists has combined multiple sets of date to show that weakening monsoon and reduced river water initially stimulated intensive agriculture and urbanisation, but later precipitated the decline and collapse of the subcontinent's earliest cities. The scientist said their research also suggests that a larger river, summed to be the mythical Saraswati, which once watered the Harappan Civilization's heartland between the suggests it was a glacier fed river with origins in the Himalyas. The findings appear today in the US Journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Science

Q. What was the controversy in the passage?

Direction: Read the following passages carefully and answer the question that follows.
In presents scenario of increasing demand for cut flowers, protected cultivation in green house is the best alternatives for using land and other resources more efficiently. In protected environment, suitable environmental conditions for optimum plant growth are provided ultimately quality with products. Greenhouse is made up of glass or plastic film, which allows the solar radiations to pass through but traps the thermal radiations emitted by plants inside and, thereby, provide inside, On the basis of material used, building cost and technology used, green house can be of three types: low-cost greenhouse, medium-cost greenhouse and hi-tech greenhouse.

Q. How is the production increased?

Direction: In the following questions, you have two passages with 5 questions in each passage. Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each question out of the four alternatives.
PASSAGE
A dolphin is an aquatic mammal. Dolphins are extremely intelligent and sociable animals and have their own way to communicate with each other using special sounds. Although they are often mistaken for fish, dolphins are actually mammals. They are members of the Cetacea (pronounced set-ay-shia) family, which also contains whales and porpoises. One way of telling the difference between a cetacean and a fish is by looking at their tails. You can tell a cetacean because their tail fins (called flukes) are horizontal and move up and down. Fish have vertical tails which move from side to side. A dolphin’s body is designed to help them move quickly and easily through water. The dolphin’s fluke propels it through the water. On its back is a curved dorsal fin and on each side of the dolphin is a pectoral fin. The bump on a dolphins head is known as the melon. They trap their prey by using their teeth. Dolphins use a type of sonar to detect where objects are around them. This is called echolocation. Echolocation works when a dolphin bounces a high pitched sound off an object and then listens for the echo to come back. It is a very useful way for dolphins to find food and navigate. Dolphins communicate with each other through clicks, squeaks and whistles. They use these special sounds to greet each other and to indicate if they are in distress. Dolphins live in the sea, but they can’t breathe under water! They breathe through a blowhole and have to come up for air every 15 minutes.

Dolphins use echolocation to

Direction: Read the following passages carefully and answer the question that follows.
For fourteen and a half months I lived in my little cell or room in the Dehradun jail, and I began to feel as if I was almost a part of it. I was familiar with every bit of it, I knew every mark and dent on the whitewashed walls and on the uneven floor and the ceiling with its moth-eaten rafters. In the little yards outside I greeted little tufts of grass and odd bits of stone as old friends. I was not alone in my cell, for several colonies of wasp and hornets lived there, and many lizards founds a home behind the rafters, emerging in the evening in search of prey.

Q. The passage attempts to describe ?

Direction: Read the following passages carefully and answer the question that follows.
Why is it impossible to sink in the Dead Sea ? The reason is that, not only is the water in the Dead Sea heavier than ocean water and much heavier than fresh water. but it is also heavier than a person's body, when equal parts are measured. You can't sink in something that is heavier than you are. The reason for the heaviness is extreme saltiness. Are there materials that would sink in the Dead Sea ? Yes and I'II bet that you can think of some.

Q. This passage is mainly about?

Direction: Once a conflict gets over, aid agencies sanctioned by the world Bank send study groups instead of requisite personnel. There is a gap of several years before moving from humanitarian relief to economic development and hence political stability. By the time such help arrives the war has restarted. It is possible to restart economic development through targeted "quick impact" initiatives. Most economies in post-conflict countries are based on agriculture. Providing free packages of seeds, fertilizers and low-cost agricultural tools will ensure that former soldiers will return to their farms and establish their livelihood. But the window of opportunity closes quickly and one has to implement these measures almost immediately.

Q. According to the passage, how can political stability be achieved?

Direction: Read the following passages carefully and answer the question that follows.
Why is it impossible to sink in the Dead Sea ? The reason is that, not only is the water in the Dead Sea heavier than ocean water and much heavier than fresh water. but it is also heavier than a person's body, when equal parts are measured. You can't sink in something that is heavier than you are. The reason for the heaviness is extreme saltiness. Are there materials that would sink in the Dead Sea ? Yes and I'II bet that you can think of some.

Q. Water in the Dead sea is heavier than ?

A new menace is cars-and worse, luxury Sedans and Sport Utility Vehicles(SUVs) which run on highly polluting diesel, and which now account for fully one-half of total car sales, up from under 30 percent a year ago. Although, growth of passenger vehicle sales has slowed down over the past year, the 20 year long trend of furious privatization of urban transport continue unabated. Private vehicles are choking roads, slowing down traffic-in particular public buses-and creating terrible jams and snarl ups in city after city. The introduction and rapid expansion of super expensive metro rail systems, which the poor cannot afford, have failed to slow down the runaway growth of private transport. There is little systematic effort except in a handful of cities to harvest rainwater and none at all at recycling water or curtailing its abuse by the rich through the flushing of wasteful toilets designed a century ago in Europe-even though water scarcity is acute and growing.

Q. What did metro rail system fail to do ? Find out the false statement out of the given options.?

Direction: Read the following passages carefully and answer the question that follows.
Why doesn't the air remain still ? The reason is that air, when it becomes heated, becomes lighter, and it rises. When it rises, other air moves in to take its place. The temperature of air becomes like the surface of the earth over which it travels. Over dry land, the air can become very hot. Then, when the sun goes down, it cools off quickly. Over the water air heats up more slowly and cools off more slowly. These changes cause the movement of air,which we call wind.

Q. As air heats up, it?

A new menace is cars-and worse, luxury Sedans and Sport Utility Vehicles(SUVs) which run on highly polluting diesel, and which now account for fully one-half of total car sales, up from under 30 percent a year ago. Although, growth of passenger vehicle sales has slowed down over the past year, the 20 year long trend of furious privatization of urban transport continue unabated. Private vehicles are choking roads, slowing down traffic-in particular public buses-and creating terrible jams and snarl ups in city after city. The introduction and rapid expansion of super expensive metro rail systems, which the poor cannot afford, have failed to slow down the runaway growth of private transport. There is little systematic effort except in a handful of cities to harvest rainwater and none at all at recycling water or curtailing its abuse by the rich through the flushing of wasteful toilets designed a century ago in Europe-even though water scarcity is acute and growing.

Q. What is the author bothering about in this passage?

Direction: You know slavery better than freedom, for slavery dwells within you. Working for theprofits of your oppressors, you get only that which is barely sufficient to keep you alive.You and your instruments of work are meant to help and strengthen your master'sposition, Your children and wives die of cold and starvation while your master's dogsare fat and comfortable. When you express the slightest dissatisfaction with your lot,you and your wives are put to death. Therefore, it is not proper to tolerate any kind ofoppression in the modern age, the age of liberty and freedom. You are sinful if you dothat. You must fight for equal rights, equal opportunities and equal wages for equal work.Educate your children and let them learn to live with dignity

Q. Why are your wives and children put to death?

Direction: Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions. Your answer to these questions should be based on passage only.
The news that the Indian Railways are going to incur a shortfall of Rs 1000 crore in their resources generation - and will, therefore, have to seek budgetary support to that extend - will not surprise many. That's a scenario that has been played out for years now, and the outcome, too, has been predictable - with railways budget doing is duty by doling out public money. But it's time to look at the problem differently, in view of the current concerns of the government in economizing its charity and the feeling that the railways have to stand on their own legs.
The Railways have, over the last few months, continued to experience a shortfall of Rs 85 crore per month, a feature that could add to their woes if it continue. Fall in expected goods traffic, in the rate per tonne and also a dip in passenger traffic have contributed to the shortfall. All these may not be new concerns for the Railways; the relevant point, however, is how the system and the government hope to tackle it.
Clearly, budgetary support should be considered only in the last instance, after various measures to both reduce expenditure and raise resources have been tried out. Consider subsidies on passenger traffic --- the expenditure which really digs into the government's coffers. In fact, passenger traffic subsidy accounted for nearly 90 per cent of the railways' losses in 1992/93, with freight traffic subsidies taking up the rest.
Freight traffic subsidy cuts should prove more easy if this year's budget exercise is any indication. Till now, sixteen commodities were subsidized. In 1993/94, budget subsidy on four commodities were removed. Prices did not rise, there was little protest and now the Railways ought to be emboldened to do more Reduction in passenger subsidies is more tricky given the dependence of such a large population, mostly poor, on the system and most governments have been reluctant to do much. In fact, passenger rates have been hiked very few times and that, too, only in recent years.
One area where the Railways could do a lot more pruning is in shutting uneconomic branch lines. For instance, in 1992/93 it was found that 114 branch lines contributed a loss of Rs 121 crore.
To its credit, however, the railways have been looking around for sources of funds other than the budget.

Q. Which of the following has the same meaning as the word dip as it has been used in the passage.

Direction: Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions. Your answer to these questions should be based on passage only.
The news that the Indian Railways are going to incur a shortfall of Rs 1000 crore in their resources generation - and will, therefore, have to seek budgetary support to that extend - will not surprise many. That's a scenario that has been played out for years now, and the outcome, too, has been predictable - with railways budget doing is duty by doling out public money. But it's time to look at the problem differently, in view of the current concerns of the government in economizing its charity and the feeling that the railways have to stand on their own legs.
The Railways have, over the last few months, continued to experience a shortfall of Rs 85 crore per month, a feature that could add to their woes if it continue. Fall in expected goods traffic, in the rate per tonne and also a dip in passenger traffic have contributed to the shortfall. All these may not be new concerns for the Railways; the relevant point, however, is how the system and the government hope to tackle it.
Clearly, budgetary support should be considered only in the last instance, after various measures to both reduce expenditure and raise resources have been tried out. Consider subsidies on passenger traffic --- the expenditure which really digs into the government's coffers. In fact, passenger traffic subsidy accounted for nearly 90 per cent of the railways' losses in 1992/93, with freight traffic subsidies taking up the rest.
Freight traffic subsidy cuts should prove more easy if this year's budget exercise is any indication. Till now, sixteen commodities were subsidized. In 1993/94, budget subsidy on four commodities were removed. Prices did not rise, there was little protest and now the Railways ought to be emboldened to do more Reduction in passenger subsidies is more tricky given the dependence of such a large population, mostly poor, on the system and most governments have been reluctant to do much. In fact, passenger rates have been hiked very few times and that, too, only in recent years.
One area where the Railways could do a lot more pruning is in shutting uneconomic branch lines. For instance, in 1992/93 it was found that 114 branch lines contributed a loss of Rs 121 crore.
To its credit, however, the railways have been looking around for sources of funds other than the budget.

Q. Which of the following is true regarding the passenger fare charged by the Railways?