CGPSE Prelims Paper 1 Mock Test - 6 - CGPSC (Chhattisgarh) MCQ

Greeks who came through the northwest about 2500 years ago and were familiar with the Indus, called it the Hindos or the Indos, and the land to the east of the river was called India. The name Bharata was used for a group of people who lived in the northwest, and who are mentioned in the Rigveda.

The ‘Lon Varratu’ campaign, meaning ‘Come back home’, was initiated to encourage Naxalites wishing to abandon violence and reintegrate into society. This initiative has seen a significant number of individuals opting for peace and mainstream living, highlighting a shift in their approach to conflict.

The Koya tribe is experiencing a cultural crisis as their traditions surrounding Mahua liquor consumption are threatened by enforcement actions. Mahua holds significant cultural and economic importance for the Koya community, reflecting their heritage and livelihood.

The Jaitkham, or Victory Pillar, serves as a vital religious symbol for the Satnami community, representing their spiritual heritage and cultural identity. It is a focal point for gatherings, embodying their history and beliefs, which is why its desecration sparked protests.

The GPS tracking system is designed to enhance the efficiency of medicine delivery within Chhattisgarh, allowing for real-time tracking and improved management of supply chains for medical supplies, ensuring that essential medicines reach health facilities on time.

NITI Aayog focuses on a 'Bottom-Up' approach to governance, aiming to involve local levels in decision-making processes. This approach encourages participation and ensures that policies are responsive to the needs of the community.

Iron ore is one of the key mineral resources mentioned in the vision for a ‘Viksit Chhattisgarh’. The state has abundant mineral resources, which can significantly contribute to its economic development if managed sustainably.

The Koya tribe primarily inhabits the eastern regions of India, particularly around the Godavari River, across states like Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Chhattisgarh, and Odisha. This geographical area influences their cultural practices and economic activities.

The Mahua tree is crucial for the Koya community as it is integral to their cultural ceremonies and serves as a key economic resource. The blossoms are used to make liquor, and the nuts are processed into cooking oil, highlighting its multifaceted importance.

The protests were ignited by the desecration of the Jaitkham, a significant religious site for the Satnami community. This act was perceived as an affront to their beliefs, leading to widespread anger and demonstrations against local authorities.

The Team India Hub functions as an interface between the states and the central government, facilitating coordination and collaboration on various developmental initiatives and ensuring that state-specific needs are addressed in national policies.

The KondalaKolupu festival is specifically celebrated by the Koya tribe to appease Hill deities. This festival reflects their deep spiritual beliefs and connection to nature, and it often includes vibrant cultural performances.

The ‘Viksit Bharat’ initiative aims to develop India comprehensively by 2047, focusing on sustainable growth across various sectors, including economy, health, education, and infrastructure, ensuring a better quality of life for all citizens.

The GPS system operates through satellite-transmitted radio signals, allowing precise location tracking of vehicles used for medicine delivery. This technology ensures accurate monitoring of shipments and enhances the efficiency of the supply chain.

Cholas were Samantas or Subordinates to Pallavas who ruled in Tamilnadu.

Statement 1 is correct. Cholas and Muttaraiyar both were subordinates to Pallava king. The rise of Cholas started during the middle of the 9th century when Vijayalaya from Uraiyur captured the kaveri delta from Mutharaiyar and built the town of Thanjavur.

Statement 2 is incorrect. Vijayalaya built the town of Thanjavur and Goddess Nishumbhasudini temple While Rajaraja I became king in 985 CE and was considered as the most powerful Chola ruler.

He recognized his administration and expanded his control over most of South India. His son Rajendra Chola led an expedition to the Ganga valley.

Statement 3 is correct. Rajendra I was Rajaraja’s Son who continued his Father’s policy and raided Ganga Valley, Sri Lanka as well as Southeast Asian Countries. Rajendra I also developed the Navy for these raids.

About Tanjore Paintings:

• Tanjore Painting is one of the most popular forms of classical South Indian painting. It is the native art form of Thanjavur (also known as Tanjore) city of Tamil Nadu.

• Tanjore Painting of India originated during the 16th century, under the reign of the Cholas. Maratha princes, Nayakas, Rajus communities of Tanjore and Trichy and Naidus of Madurai also patronized Indian Thanjavur Paintings from 16th to 18th century

• The dense composition, surface richness and vibrant colors of Indian Thanjavur Paintings distinguish them from the other types of paintings. There are embellishments of semi-precious stones, pearls and glass pieces that further add to their appeal.

• The relief work gives them a three dimensional effect.

• Most of these paintings revolve around the theme of Hindu Gods and Goddesses, along with saints.

• The main figure is always painted at the center of the painting:

  • Mysore Painting: Mysore Painting is a form of classical South Indian painting, which evolved in the Mysore city of Karnataka. During that time, Mysore was under the reign of the Wodeyars and it was under their patronage that this school of painting reached its zenith. Quite similar to the Tanjore Paintings, Mysore Paintings of India make use of thinner gold leaves and require much more hard work. The most popular themes of these paintings include Hindu Gods and Goddesses and scenes from Hindu mythology. The grace, beauty and intricacy of Indian Mysore Paintings leave the onlookers mesmerized.

  • Company Painting: Company painting, also called Patna painting, style of miniature painting that developed in India in the second half of the 18th century in response to the tastes of the British serving with the East India Company. The style first emerged in Murshidabad, West Bengal, and then spread to other centres of British trade: Benares (Varanasi), Delhi, Lucknow, and Patna. Basohli painting, school of Pahari miniature painting that flourished in the Indian hill states during the late 17th and 18th centuries, known for its bold vitality of colour and line. Though the school takes its name from the small independent state of Basohli, the principal centre of the style, examples are found throughout the region.

• The Mauryan Empire covered vast areas of the Indian subcontinent. It extended from the present-day North West Frontier Provinces of Pakistan to Andhra Pradesh, Odisha and Uttaranchal in India.
• The Ashokan inscriptions mention five major political centres in the empire – the capital Pataliputra and the provincial centres of Taxila, Ujjayini, Tosali and Suvarnagiri. The administrative control of the empire was strongest in areas around the capital and the provincial centres.
• The provincial centres were carefully chosen, both Taxila and Ujjayini were situated on important long- distance trade routes, while Suvarnagiri (literally, the golden mountain) was possibly important for tapping the gold mines of Karnataka.
• The city of Manyakhet in Karnataka was the capital of the Rashtrakuta Empire which arose during the 8^th century AD. Thus Manyakhet was not a major political centre of Mauryas.
• Hence option (c) is the correct answer.
   

• The decorative forms of Indo-Islamic architecture included designing on plaster through incision or stucco. The designs were either left plain or covered with colors.
  • Motifs were also painted on or carved in stone. These motifs included varieties of flowers, both from the sub-continent and places outside, particularly Iran,
  • The lotus bud fringe was used to great advantage in the inner curves of the arches.
  • Walls were also decorated with cypress, chinar, and other trees as also with flower vases,
  • Many complex designs of flower motifs decorating the ceilings were also to be found on textiles and carpets.
  • In the fourteenth, fifteenth, and sixteenth centuries tiles were also used to surface the walls and the domes.
• Popular colors were blue, turquoise, green, and yellow.
• Subsequently, the techniques of tessellation (mosaic designs) and pietra dura were made use of for surface decoration, particularly in the dado panels of the walls.
• At times lapis lazuli was used in the interior walls or on canopies.
  • Other decorations included arabesque, calligraphy and high and low relief carving, and profuse use of jalis. The high-relief carving has a three-dimensional look. The arches were plain and squat and sometimes high and pointed.
• From the sixteenth century onwards arches were designed with trefoil or multiple foliations.
• Spandrels of the arches were decorated with medallions or bosses.
  • The roof was a mix of the central dome and other smaller domes, chhatris, and tiny minarets. The central dome was topped with an inverted lotus flower motif and a metal or stone pinnacle.
• Hence option (d) is the correct answer.

Karanthai copper plates are the biggest bunch and the largest volume of copper plates in the world. They are a set of 86 plates held together by a ring fastened with a heavy circular copper seal inscribed with the royal Chola emblem. Rajendra Chola issued these plates dated 1020 C.E. The term ‘Ulgu’, a term used for customs, finds mention in Karanthai copper plates. The plates from Tiruvalangadu (in Tiruvallur district), Karanthai (in Thanjavur town) and Esalam (near Tindivanam) all use the term Ulgu. These plates indicate that Ulgu, the customs duty, was a ubiquitous tax in the Chola empire. The Kuram copper plates of Parameshwaravarman and the Velurpalayam copper plates of Nandivarman III record their achievements in the military department. So, Option (a) is correct.

• Maharaja Sawai Jai Singh II (1686-1743) was the ruler of the Rajput State of Amber in India. A feudatory of the Mughals, he received the title of 'Sawai' (one and a quarter) from Emperor Aurangzeb, who declared him a quarter superior to his famous forebearer Mirza Raja Jai Singh (d. 1667) after he captured the Fort of Vishalgarh from the Marathas in 1701.
• After bringing to the Emperor's notice some astronomic discrepancies that possibly affected the timings of Hindu and Muslim holy events and expressing his desire to correct these, Jai Singh also received Imperial backing for building his Astronomy Observatories at Delhi, Jaipur, Varanasi, Ujjain, and Mathura.
  • All except the observatory at Mathura are in existence today.
• Sawai Jai Singh's ingenuity led to the invention of several outsize masonry instruments, the majority of which were used to determine the coordinates of celestial objects with reference to the local horizon.
  • During Jai Singh’s lifetime, the observatories were used to make observations in order to update existing ephemerides such as the Zīj-i Ulugh Begī.
  • Jai Singh established communications with European astronomers through a number of Jesuits living and working in India. In addition to dispatching ambassadorial parties to Portugal, he invited French and Bavarian Jesuits to visit and make use of the observatories
• Jai Singh wrote the astronomical work 'Zij-e-Muhammad-Shahi' (Muhammad Shah's astronomical tables) in 1728. That same year he also built his new, magnificently designed capital Jaipur, about 200 km southwest of Delhi and constructed by combining the aspects of the ancient Hindu treatise on architecture, the Shilpa Shastra, and plans of many European cities of the period with Jai Singh's own ideas.
• The European travelers of the time, like the Frenchman Louis Rousselet, and the English bishop, Heber, were greatly impressed by Jai Singh's unparalleled excellence in city planning.
• Hence option (d) is the correct answer.

1. Kumbhandas

2. Surdas

3. Krishnadas (Shudra by caste)

4. Parmanand Das

5. Govindswami

6. Cheetswami

7. Nand Das

8. Chaturbhuj Das

Statement 1 is incorrect. Mughal court chronicles were written in Persian though Turkish was their mother tongue. Under the Sultans of Delhi it flourished as a language of the court and of literary writings, alongside other north Indian languages, especially Hindavi(near Delhi) and its regional variants.

Statement 2 is correct. Mughals were Chaghtai Turks by origin, Turkish was their mother tongue. Their first ruler Babur wrote poetry and his memoirs in the Turkish language. KB) Chagatai Turks were descendants of Chagtai Khan the second son of Genghis Khan.

• British Government passed the Limitation Law in 1859, to control the debts mounting on ryots in Deccan. In 1832, a large area of land was demarcated as Damin-i-Koh, on the slopes of Rajmahal hills and was given to the Santhals. But with time they found that their land was slipping away from their hands as state was levying heavy taxes and moneylenders were charging high rates of interest on them. Hence, Santhal Rebellion happened in 1855-56.

• Deccan Riot Commission was assigned to make a report on the revolt by ryots in Deccan. The report was presented in British Parliament in 1878.

• The first revenue settlement system in Bombay, Deccan was made in the 1820s. It was known as ‘Ryotwari settlement, where the revenue was directly settled with the ‘ryots’ (peasants).

• Statement 1 is correct: All restrictions on European immigration and acquisition of property in India were lifted. It opened the way for wholesale colonisation of India.

• Statement 2 is correct: A law member was added to the governor-general’s council. It was added for professional advice on law making. Later, the law member was made the full member of the governor-general’s executive council by the Charter Act of 1853.

• Statement 3 is correct: The administration was urged to take steps to improve the conditions of the slaves and to abolish slavery. Slavery was abolished in 1843.

Lord Linlithgow Viceroy of India announced the August Offer (August 1940) which proposed:

• Dominion status as the objective for India. Hence, statement 1 is correct.

• Expansion of Viceroy’s executive council which would have a majority of Indians (who would be drawn from major political parties). Hence, statement 3 is correct.

• Setting up of a constituent assembly after the war where Indians would decide the Constitution according to their social, economic, and political conceptions, subject to fulfilment of the obligation of the government regarding defence, minority rights, treaties with States, all Indian services. No future constitution to be adopted without the consent of minorities. Hence, statement 2 is correct.

• Satyagraha was to be launched on April 6, 1919, but before it could be launched, there were large-scale violent, anti-British demonstrations in Calcutta, Bombay, Delhi, Ahmedabad, etc. Especially in Punjab, the situation became so very explosive due to wartime repression, forcible recruitments, and ravages of disease that the Army had to be called in. April 1919 saw the biggest and the most violent anti-British upsurge since 1857. So, Statement 1 is not correct.
• The entire agitation against the Rowlatt act proved its unorganized nature whereby the Satyagraha Sabha of Mahatma Gandhi concentrated mainly on publishing propaganda literature and collecting signatures on the Satyagraha pledge. So, Statement 2 is correct.
• Mahatma Gandhi left Bombay on April 8 to promote the Satyagraha agitation in Delhi and Punjab. But, as his entry into Punjab was considered dangerous by the government, Gandhi was removed from the train he was traveling at Palwal near Delhi and taken back to Bombay. The news of Gandhi’s arrest precipitated the crisis. The situation became tense in Bombay, and violence broke out in Ahmedabad and Virangam. In Ahmedabad, the government enforced martial law. In particular, the Punjab region and Amritsar witnessed the worst scenes of violence. So, Statement 3 is correct.
   

• The Treaty of Amritsar (1809) was signed on April 25, 1809, between Maharaja Ranjit Singh ( (1780 – 1839) and the British East India Company. It was a pact between Charles T. Metcalfe and Maharaja Ranjit Singh. Maharaja Ranjit Singh was the founder of the Sikh Empire. He was the son of Mahan Singh, the leader of the Sukarchakiya misl. Ranjit Singh brought under control the area extending from the Sutlej to the Jhelum. He conquered Lahore in 1799 and Amritsar in 1802. Ranjit Singh proved to be an efficient administrator. He greatly modernised his army with the help of Europeans. Hence statement 1 is correct.
• Ranjit Singh died in 1839. His successors could not keep the state intact and, soon enough, the British took control over it. Maharaja Daleep Singh was the son and successor of Maharaja Ranjit Singh who came to the throne in 1843. 
• As per the provisions of the Treaty of Amritsar (1809), the river Sutlej was the boundary between the British and the state of Punjab. The treaty settled Indo-Sikh relations for a generation. The immediate occasion was the French threat to northwestern India, following Napoleon’s Treaty of Tilsit with Russia (1807) and Ranjit’s attempt to bring the area around Sutlej states under his control. Hence statement 2 is correct. 
• The treaty of Amritsar did not have any provision regarding the British resident at the royal court of Punjab. The treaty of Lahore (1846) signed after the first Anglo- Sikh War (1845-46), provided for the stationing of a British resident at Lahore. The state of Punjab was annexed by Lord Dalhousie in 1849 after the Second Anglo- Sikh War (1848-49) and the eleven-year-old Maharaja, Daleep Singh was pensioned off to England. Hence statement 3 is not correct.

• The education imparted in 18th-century India was still traditional which could not match with the rapid developments in the West. The knowledge was confined to literature, law, religion, philosophy, and logic and excluded the study of physical and natural sciences, technology and geography.
• Elementary education among the Hindus and the Muslims was quite widespread. The Hindu and Muslim elementary schools were called pathshalas and maktabs respectively. The education was confined to reading, writing, and arithmetic. Children from the lower caste sometimes attended the schools, but female presence was rare.
• Chatuspathis or Tols, as they were called in Bihar and Bengal, were the centres of higher education. Some of the famous centres for Sanskrit education were Kasi (Varanasi), Tirhut (Mithila), Nadia and Utkala. Hence option (b) is the correct answer.
• Madrasahs were the institutions of higher learning for Persian and Arabic, Persian being the court language and learnt by the Muslims as well as the Hindus. Azimabad (Patna) was a famous centre for Persian education.