CGPSE Prelims Paper 1 Mock Test - 7 - CGPSC (Chhattisgarh) MCQ

Ramen Deka, a former Lok Sabha member from Assam, has been appointed as the new Governor of Chhattisgarh, succeeding Bishwabhushan Harichandan. This change reflects the ongoing adjustments in gubernatorial appointments, which are part of the President’s prerogative in India regarding state governance.

Mining activities in the Hasdeo Arand forests are expected to lead to the deforestation of around 273,000 additional trees. This deforestation poses severe risks to biodiversity and the ecological balance in one of India’s largest contiguous forest areas, which is home to various wildlife species.

Article 153 of the Indian Constitution states that there shall be a Governor for each state. This provision establishes the framework for the gubernatorial system in India, allowing one individual to serve as a Governor for multiple states if necessary.

The SAMADHAN doctrine is specifically designed as a strategic approach to address the Naxalite problem in Chhattisgarh. It incorporates various elements such as smart leadership and actionable intelligence to effectively combat insurgency and improve security in affected areas.

Chhattisgarh’s first digital planetarium is being established in the Dantewada district. This initiative aims to enhance educational opportunities and inspire local youth to pursue careers in space science, ultimately contributing to the region's cultural and scientific advancement.

The Lemru elephant reserve aims to reduce human-animal conflict by providing a permanent habitat for elephants. This initiative is crucial for the conservation of biodiversity and the protection of both wildlife and local communities in the region.

According to reports, 94,460 trees have been cut down in the Parsa East Kete Basan Mine. This significant deforestation highlights the environmental impact of mining activities in the Hasdeo Arand region, raising concerns about ecological sustainability.

Operation Prahar is an ongoing counterinsurgency operation focused on targeting and neutralizing key Maoist leaders who influence local youth. The operation is designed to address the security challenges posed by Maoist insurgency in Chhattisgarh.

The malaria positivity rate in Chhattisgarh has decreased from 4.60% to 0.51% as a result of ongoing malaria eradication campaigns. This significant reduction illustrates the effectiveness of public health initiatives in combating malaria, a life-threatening disease primarily spread by Anopheles mosquitoes.

The public consultation aims to enhance community engagement in environmental decisions related to the Parsa and Kete Extension coal block projects. Such consultations are crucial for balancing economic development with environmental protection and community interests.

The Chhattisgarh budget allocates Rs. 3 lakh crore for schemes benefiting women and girls. This significant investment aims to promote economic independence and social security, reflecting the government’s commitment to gender equality and empowerment.

The Hasdeo Arand forest spans an area of 170,000 hectares, making it one of the largest un-fragmented forests in Central India. Its vast size and biodiversity are critical for ecological balance and provide habitat for numerous species, including elephants.

A budget of Rs. 7.95 crore has been approved for the construction of the digital planetarium in Dantewada. This funding will support the development of educational resources and promote scientific awareness in the region.

The five Naxalites surrendered due to their disillusionment with the atrocities committed by senior leaders and the inhuman nature of the Maoist ideology. Their surrender reflects a growing sentiment among some insurgents who seek alternatives to violent extremism.

• Statement 1 is incorrect: Temple premises in Nagara style generally does not have elaborate walls and gateways. In contrast, Dravida style has elaborate walls and gateways around temple premises.

• Statement 2 is correct: Images of river goddess Ganga and Yamuna were placed outside the garbhagriha.

• Statement 3 is correct: In Nagara style, Temple premises do not have water tank or reservoir inside the temple premises. Whereas in Dravida style, water tanks or reservoirs are present in the temple premises.

About Nagara style of Temple Architecture:

• Nagara is the style of temple architecture which became popular in Northern India.

• It is common here to build an entire temple on a stone platform with steps leading up to it.

• Unlike in south India, it doesn’t usually have elaborate boundary walls or gateways.

• Earliest temples had only one shikhara (tower), but in the later periods multiple shikharas came.

• The garbhagriha is always located directly under the tallest tower.

Both the statements are correct.

As the rulers of the Mahajanapadas were (a) building huge forts (b) maintaining big armies, they needed more resources. And they needed officials to collect these. So, instead of depending on occasional gifts brought by people, as in the case of the raja of the janapadas, they started collecting regular taxes.

Following taxes were imposed -

• Taxes on crops were the most important. This was because most people were farmers. Usually, the tax was fixed at 1/6th of what was produced. This was known as bhaga or a share.

• There were taxes on crafts persons as well. These could have been in the form of labour. For example, a weaver or a smith may have had to work for a day every month for the king.

• Herders were also expected to pay taxes in the form of animals and animal produce.

• There were also taxes on goods that were bought and sold, through trade.

• The hunters and gatherers also had to provide forest produce to the raja.

• The Chera kingdom of Mahodayapuram was established in the ninth century in the south-western part of the peninsula, part of present-day Kerala. Hence, statement 1 is incorrect.
• It is likely that Malayalam was spoken in this area.
• The rulers introduced the Malayalam language and script in their inscriptions.
• In fact, this is one of the earliest examples of the use of a regional language in official records in the subcontinent.

Tulsidas, also known as Goswami Tulsidas, was a Ramanandi Vaishnava Hindu saint and poet, renowned for his devotion to the deity Rama. He wrote several popular works in Sanskrit and Awadhi, but is best known as the author of the Hanuman Chalisa and of the epic Ramcharitmanas, a retelling of the Sanskrit Ramayana based on Rama's life in the vernacular Awadhi.
The five major works of Tulsidas apart from Ramcharitmanas include:
Dohavali literally Collection of Dohas, is a work consisting of 573 miscellaneous Doha

1. and Sortha verses mainly in Braja with some verses in Awadhi. The verses are aphorisms on topics related to tact, political wisdom, righteousness and the purpose of life. 85 Dohas from this work are also found in the Ramcharitmanas, 35 in Ramagya Prashna, two in Vairagya Sandipani and some in Rama Satsai, another work of 700 Dohas attributed to Tulsidas. Sahitya Ratna or ratna Ramayan (1608–1614), literally Collection of Kavittas, is a Braja
2. rendering of the Ramayana, composed entirely in metres of the Kavitta family – Kavitta, Savaiya, Ghanakshari and Chhappaya. It consists of 325 verses including 183 verses in the Uttarkand. Like the Ramcharitmanas, it is divided into seven Kands or books and many episodes in this work are different from the Ramcharitmanas. Gitavali literally Collection of Songs, is a Braja rendering of the Ramayana in songs. All
3. the verses are set to Ragas of Hindustani classical music and are suitable for singing. It consists of 328 songs divided into seven Kands or books. Many episodes of the Ramayana are elaborated while many others are abridged. Krishna Gitavali or Krishnavali literally Collection of Songs to Krishna, is a collection of 61
4. songs in honour of Krishna in Braja. There are 32 songs devoted to the childhood sports (Balalila) and Rasa Lila of Krishna, 27 songs form the dialogue between Krishna and Uddhava, and two songs describe the episode of disrobing of Draupadi. Vinaya Patrika literally Petition of Humility, is a Braja work consisting of 279 stanzas or
5. hymns. The stanzas form a petition in the court of Rama asking for Bhakti. It is considered to be the second best work of Tulsidas after the Ramcharitmanas, and is regarded as important from the viewpoints of philosophy, erudition, and eulogistic and poetic style of Tulsidas. The first 43 hymns are addressed to various deities and Rama's courtiers and attendants, and remaining are addressed to Rama.

Battle of Khanwa (1527)

• Babur, the Mughal emperor, decided to take on Rana Sanga of Chittor, the Rajput ruler of Mewar. The Rana had a strong influence over Rajasthan and Malwa.
• The ferocious march of Rana Sanga, with force strengthened by Afghan Muslims, Mahmud Lodi, brother of Ibrahim Lodi, and Hasan Khan Mewati, ruler of Mewat, confronted the forces of Babur. With strategic positioning of forces and effective use of artillery, Babur defeated Rana Sanga’s forces. The capture of forts at Gwalior and Dholpur followed this victory.

Battle of Ghagra (1529)

• The battle was the last battle Babar fought against the Afghans. Mahmud Lodi and Sultan Nusrat Shah, son-in-law of Ibrahim Lodi, conspired against Babur.
• Realizing the danger, Babar marched against them. In the battle that ensued along the banks of Ghagra, a tributary of the Ganges, Babur defeated the Afghans. But he died on his way from Agra to Lahore in 1530.

Battle of Talikota (1565)

• The battle was fought at Talikota or Rakshasi-Tangadi in January 1565, in which Ramaraya (a great warrior and strategist), despite his old age, personally commanded the forces along with his cousins and brothers. In the final stages, the battle was lost. Rama Raya was imprisoned and executed immediately.
• The victorious Bahmani armies entered the Vijayanagar city for the first time in their History and ransacked it for several months laying it to waste. This battle is generally considered a signal for the beginning of the disintegration of the Vijayanagar Empire as the Nayakas became more independent of central authority.

Battle of Haldighati (1576)

• It was the last pitched battle between the Mughal forces and Rana Pratap Singh. In Marwar (Jodhpur), the ruler Chandra Sen, son of Maldeo Rathore, resisted the Mughals till his death in 1581, though his brothers fought on the side of the Mughals.
• Udai Singh, the brother of Chandra Sen, was made the ruler of Jodhpur by Akbar.

• In Jainism, the three jewels (also referred to as ratnatraya or tri-ratna) are understood as samyagdarshana ('right faith'), samyagjnana ('right knowledge), and samyakcharitra ('right action').
• One of the three cannot exist exclusive of the others, and all are required for spiritual liberation i.e. attainment of freedom from worldly bonds.
• Right faith is the belief in the teachings and wisdom of Mahavira. Hence statement 1 is correct.
• Right Knowledge is the acceptance of the theory that there is no God and that the world has been existing without a creator and that all objects possess a soul. Hence statement 2 is not correct.
• Right conduct refers to the observance of the five great vows: - Hence statement 3 is correct.
  • not to injure life
  • not to lie
  • not to steal
  • not to acquire property o
  • not to lead immoral life

• Abul Fazl’s Akbarnamah and Ain-e- Akbari are fine piece of literature. From there we get a good deal of information about Akbar and his times.

• Minhaj-us-Siraj was a historian who was patronized by Slave Sultan Nasir- ud-din Mahmud to whom he dedicated his magnum opus Tabaqat- i-Nasiri.

As the Chola dynasty declined in the thirteenth century, the Vijayanagar dynasty captured and brought under its control the region from Hampi to Trichy.

Statements 1 and 2 are correct. In Hampi, the Virupaksha temple has paintings on the ceiling of its mandapa narrating events from dynastic history and episodes from the Ramayana and the Mahabharata. Among important panels the mural of Vidyaranya, teacher of Bukkaraya Harsha, being carried in a palanquin is very well made.

In Lepakshi, Vijaynagar paintings can be found on the walls of the Shiva temple. In keeping with the tradition the Vijayanagar painters evolved a pictorial language wherein the faces are shown in profile and figures and objects two dimensionally. Lines become still but fluid, compositions appear in rectilinear compartments. These stylistic conventions were adopted by artists in various centres in South India as can be seen in the paintings of the Nayaka period.

• In News: PM paid tributes to Gopal Krishna Gokhale on his birth anniversary.

• Gokhale founded the Servants of India Society(SIS) in Maharashtra’s Pune on June 12, 1905. The SIS launched campaigns for the promotion of education, health care and sanitation. It also made efforts to eradicate social evils such as untouchability and oppression of women. He started an English weekly newspaper, The Hitavada (The people's paper). He was a mentor to both Mahatma Gandhi and Mohammed Ali Jinnah. Gandhi Ji, in his autobiography, described Gokhale as “pure as crystal, gentle as a lamb, brave as a lion and chivalrous to a fault and the most perfect man in the political field.”

• Similarly, Jinnah was so inspired by Gokhle that his aspiration, during the early years of his political life, was to become a “Muslim Gokhle”.

● Calcutta Madrasah (1781) was established by Warren Hastings in 1781 for the study of Muslim law and related subjects.

● Foundation of the Asiatic Society of Bengal (1784): was founded by civil servant Sir William Jones in 1784 to enhance and further the cause of Oriental research

● The Sanskrit College (1791) was established by Jonathan Duncan, the resident, at Benaras in 1791 for study of Hindu law and philosophy. Censorship of the Press Act, 1799: Lord Wellesley enacted this, anticipating French invasion of India. It imposed almost wartime press restrictions including pre-censorship. These restrictions were relaxed under Lord Hastings, who had progressive views, and in 1818, pre censorship was dispensed with

• Statement 1 is correct: One of the reasons for failure of 1857 revolt that most of the Rajas and Nawabs helped the British cause. Sir Dinkar Rao of Gwalior and Salar Jung of Nizam did everything to suppress the rebellion.

• Statement 2 is incorrect: The revolt was led by old feudal lords not the enlightened middle educated class. These people had already been defeated many times.

• Statement 3 is correct: The Madras army remained completely loyal to the British and half of the company’s troops did not join the revolt and fought against Indians. The south India was not affected by this revolt. Punjab, Sindh, Rajputana, and east Bengal remain undisturbed.

• Kumbalathuparambu Ayyappan better identified as Sahodaran Ayyappan, was a social reformer, thinker, rationalist, journalist, and politician from Kerala, India. A vocal follower of Sree Narayana Guru, he was associated with a number of events related to the Kerala reformation movement and was the organizer of Misra Bojana in Cherai in 1917. He founded Sahodara Sangam, and the journal Sahodaran and was the founder-editor of the magazine Yukthivadhi.

• He gave the call of “No religion, No caste and No God for mankind” against the caste system.

Hence option (d) is the correct answer.

• ‘Khudai Khidmatgars movement’ (“Servants of God”), also known as the ‘Red-Shirts’ movement is a nationalist and nonviolent one, that was established in 1929. Khan Abdul Gaffar Khan also called Badshah Khan and Frontier Gandhi had organized a volunteer brigade (a military unit), ‘Khudai Khidmatgars,’ popularly known as the ‘Red-Shirts,’ who were pledged to the freedom struggle.
• One of the fundamental ideas of the movement is to reform the social structure by preparing the people for more direct action against British rule by the use of non-violent means. So, Statements 1 and 3 are correct.
• The red Shirts movement of 1929 was initially a social reform organization focusing on a better education system through the establishment of village schools and was set to work organizing village projects to build capacity and prepare the people for more direct action against British rule. Later, only it developed into a Political movement. So, Statement 2 is correct.

Doctrine of Lapse –

• Dalhousie did not invent the Doctrine. As early as 1834, the Court of Directors had laid down that in case of failure of lineal successors the permission 'to adopt' was an indulgence that "should be the exception, not the rule, and should not be granted but as a special mark of favour and approbation." Few years later in 1841, the home authorities decided in favour of a uniform policy and directed the Governor-General "to persevere in the one clear and direct course of abandoning no just and honourable accession of territory or revenue while all existing claims of right are at the same time scrupulously respected". It was in pursuance of the policy thus laid down that Mandavi state was in 1840 and the titular dignity of the Nawab of Surat abolished in 1842.
• According to Dalhousie, there were 3 categories of Hindu states in those days in India – Those states which were not tributary, and which were not and never had been subordinate to a paramount power. Hindu princes and chieftains which were tributary and owed subordination to the British Government as their paramount power in place of the Emperor of Delhi or the Peshwa, etc. Hindu sovereignties and states which had been created or revived by the Sanads (grants) of the British Government. 
• Dalhousie recognised the right of the adopted son to succeed to the personal property of the chieftain, but drew a distinction between succession to private property and succession to the Royal Gaddi: In the latter case, he held that the sanction of the Paramount Power must be obtained. The Paramount Power could refuse 'adoption' in case of states covered by categories II and III, and declare the states having passed back or 'lapsed' to the supreme authority. 
• In such cases the 'Right of Adoption' was substituted by the Paramount Power's 'Right of Lapse'. The power that gives, it was argued, could also rightfully take it away. It may be added that the over-zealous Governor-General treated some states as 'depedent principalities' or 'subordinate states' which rightly were ‘protected allies'. Dalhousie's decision, therefore, had to be reversed by the Court of Directors in case of the old Rajput state of Karauli. Similarly, Baghat and Udaipur were returned to their respective rulers by Lord Canning. 
• The states actually annexed by the application of the Doctrine of Lapse under Lord Dalhousie were Satara (1848), Jaitpur and Sambhalpur (1849), Baghat (1850), Udaipur (1852), Jhansi (1853) and Nagpur (1854).

Prarthana Samaj was founded in 1867 by Atmaram Pandurang in Bombay. This organisation became popular in Western India after M G Ranade joined it. The Samaj was different from the Brahmo Samaj of Bengal in that it was not as radical and took a cautious approach to the reformist programmes. For this reason, it was better received by the public as well. Prarthana Samaj did not ask its members to believe their caste and discard rituals. Manav Dharma Sabha was secret social reform movement founded in Surat in 1844 by Durgaram Mehta and Dadoba Pandurang. It was one of the earliest socio-religious reform movements in Gujarat. The goals of Manav Dharma Sabha were to expose the deceitful acts present in Chritianity, Islam and Hinduism. Manav Dharma Sabha developed 7 principles which reflected its core philosophy. They are:

1. There is one God, the creator of this universe.
2. All human beings belong to one fraternity.
3. Religion is one for all men, yet, if they follow several faiths each one believings in one's own, one is only following the bent of one's mind. Men should be judged by the qualities they have, and not by their lineage or caste.
4. Men should not act with discrimination.
5. The object of all action should be to win the grace of God.
6. All should be taught the importance of path of righteousness. Paramhansa Mandali was founded by Dadoba Pandurang and Bal Shastri Jambhekar in Bombay in 1849. (After he left Manav Dharma Sabha in Surat and came to Bombay). It was secret organisation. These principles denied polytheism of popular Hinduism, the caste system and the Brahmanical monopoly of knowledge. All members were required to take a pledge that they would abandon caste restrictions and take food and drink prepared by a member of a lower caste.