JPSC Prelims Paper 1 Mock Test - 2 - JPSC (Jharkhand) MCQ

Statement 1 is incorrect. Abu osman Minhajuddin bin Sirajuddin or Minhaj-i-siraj was a 13th century Persian Historian who came to India with Qutubuddin aibak who set up the Mamluk dynasty in Delhi. He was a chronicler who wrote in Persian. Mihaj-i-siraj was the principal historian of the Mamluk dynasty. In the 13th century Minhaj-i-siraj used the term ‘Hindustan’ by which he meant areas of Punjab, Haryana and the land between the Ganga and Yamuna.

Statement 2 is correct. He also used the term in a political perspective for areas which were part of the dominions of Delhi Sultan of Mamluk dynasty. Statement 3 is correct. In the early 16th century Babur used the term Hindustan in a similar way it was used by 14th century poet Amir khusrau, who used the word ‘Hind’ to describe the geography, the fauna and the culture of the inhabitants of the subcontinent.

Statement 1 is correct. During that time, A group of people who performed a specific work or we can say where in the same occupation, formed a Jati. These Jatis were ranked on the basis of the Importance of occupation they were involved in and how much power, influence and resources they hold.

Statement 2 is incorrect. Ranks of Jatis varied according to the power source and influence exerted by members of the Jati.

Statement 3 is correct. Every Jati framed their own rules and regulations to manage the conduct of their people and these rules were enforced by an assembly of elders of the Jati which was known as Jati Panchayat. Statement 4 is correct. People from every Jati lived in a village and every member of each Jati had to follow the rules and regulations of the Village also which was governed by a Chieftain.

Statement 1 is Correct- Satavahana rulers were identified through metronymics (names derived from that of their mothers). This suggests that mothers were important and relatively held a higher social position than otherwise.

Statement 2 is Correct- Despite following metronymics, Satavahana’s succession to the throne was generally patrilineal.

Statement 1 is incorrect. Kitab ul-Hind was about the people, their customs and culture. It was not about Sultan Mahmud. Kitab-i-yamini written by Al-utbi contains the life history of Sultan Mahmud of Ghazni. Statement 2 is Incorrect. Kitab ul-Hind was written in Arabic and not Persian.

Statement 3 is correct. Kitab ul-Hind was an account of people who were conquered by Sultan mahmud. Sultan was keen on knowing about the culture, language etc of the people he conquered so he asked Al-Biruni to make an account of it. Generally (though not always), Al-Biruni adopted a distinctive structure in each chapter, beginning with a question, following this up with a description based on Sanskritic traditions, and concluding with a comparison with other cultures. Some present-day scholars have argued that this almost geometric structure, remarkable for its precision and predictability, owed much to his mathematical orientation. Al-Biruni, who wrote in Arabic, probably intended his work for people living along the frontiers of the subcontinent.

He was familiar with translations and adaptations of Sanskrit, Pali and Prakrit texts into Arabic – these ranged from fables to works on astronomy and medicine. However, he was also critical about the ways in which these texts were written, and clearly wanted to improve on them. Al-Biruni depended almost exclusively on the works of Brahmanas, often citing passages from the Vedas, the Puranas, the Bhagavad Gita, the works of Patanjali, the Manu smriti, etc. to provide an understanding of Indian society and the prevalent caste system. However, in real life the system was not quite as rigid.

Statement 1 is incorrect. Alauddin constructed a new garrison town named Siri for his soldiers, whereas rather than constructing a new garrison town, Muhammad Bin Tughlaq emptied the oldest of the four cities of Delhi (Dehli-i Kuhna) and soldiers were garrisoned there.

Statement 2 is correct. Alauddin’s administrative measures were quite successful and chroniclers praised his reign for its cheap prices and efficient supplies of goods in the market. He successfully withstood the threat of Mongol invasions. Muhammad Tughluq’s administrative measures were a failure. His campaign into Kashmir was a disaster. He then gave up his plans to invade Transoxiana and disbanded his large army. Meanwhile, his administrative measures created complications. The shifting of people to Daulatabad was resented. The raising of taxes and famine in the Ganga-Yamuna belt led to widespread rebellion. And finally, the “token” currency had to be recalled. However, one must remember that Allaudin’s measures were defensive in nature whereas Muhammad bin Tughlaq was the only king to go on the offensive against the Mongols.

Statement 1 is incorrect. Lapis lazuli is a blue precious stone used for decoration in panels on walls and ceilings in the Indo-Islamic architecture.

Statement 2 is incorrect. Pietra Dura called ‘Parchinkari’ in the Indian Subcontinent, is a term for the inlay technique of using cut and fitted, highly polished colored stones to create images.

It is considered a decorative art. The stonework, after the work is assembled loosely, is glued stone-by-stone to a substrate after having previously been sliced and cut in different shapes sections; and then assembled together so precisely that the contact between each section was practically invisible. From the 16th century onwards arches were designed with trefoil or multiple foliations. Trefoil is a pattern consisting of 3 leaves and foliation is in the form of a leaf.

Statement 2 is correct. Bacha Khan's goal came to be the formulation of a united, independent, secular India. To achieve this end, he founded the Khudai Khidmatgar ("Servants of God"), commonly known as the "Red Shirts" (Surkh Pōsh), during the 1920s. The Khudai Khidmatgar was founded on a belief in the power of Gandhi's notion of Satyagraha, a form of active non-violence as captured in an oath.

Statement 3 is correct. Bacha Khan strongly opposed the proposal for the partition of India, siding with the Indian National Congress. When the Indian National Congress declared its acceptance of the partition plan without consulting the Khudai Khidmatgar leaders, he felt deeply betrayed and hurt by this, telling the Congress, "you have thrown us to the wolves." In June 1947, Khan and other Khudai Khidmatgars declared the Bannu Resolution, demanding that the Pashtuns be given a choice to have an independent state of Pashtunistan, composing all Pashtun territories of British India, instead of being made to join Pakistan. However, the British Raj refused to comply with the demand of this resolution.

The Government of India Act, 1935:

● The Act provided for the establishment of an All India Federation and a new system of government for the provinces on the basis of provincial autonomy.

● The federation was to be based on the union of the provinces of British India and the Princely States (States).

● There was to be a bicameral federal legislature in which the States were given disproportionate weightage.

● The representatives of the States were not to be elected by the people, but Appointed directly by the rulers.

● Only 14 percent of the total population in British India was given the right to vote.

● The Governor-General and the Governors were to be appointed by the British Government and were to be responsible to it.

The Act could not satisfy the nationalist aspiration for both political and economic power to continue to be concentrated in the hands of the British Government, foreign rule was to continue as before, only a few popularly elected ministers were to be added to the structure of British administration in India. The Congress condemned the Act as “totally disappointing,”

Many other nationalists such as Abul Kalam Azad had also been kept behind bars. The Government now decided to arm itself with more far-reaching powers, which went against the accepted principles of rule of law, to be able to suppress those nationalists who would refuse to be satisfied with the official reforms. For this reason, in March 1919, the Government passed the Rowlatt Act even though every single Indian member of the Central Legislative Council opposed it.

Three of them, Mohammed Ali Jinnah, Madan Mohan Malaviya and Mazhar-ul-Huq resigned from their membership of the Council. This Act authorised the Government to imprison any person without trial and conviction in a court of law. The Act would thus also enable the Government to suspend the right of Habeas Corpus which had been the foundation of civil liberties in Britain.

• Non-conventional energy sources are sustainable energy sources that are continuously replenished by natural processes.

• These cannot be exhausted easily and can be generated constantly so that they can be used again and again.

• These energy sources are more equitably distributed and environmentally friendly.

• Natural gas is a conventional source of energy as it is not renewable. It is a fossil energy source formed beneath the earth's surface. Hence option 1 is not correct.

• It is called natural gas because it is formed naturally however, it is available in limited amounts.

• Bio-energy refers to energy derived from biological products which include agricultural residues, municipal, industrial, and other wastes. It is a non-conventional source of energy. Hence option 2 is correct.

• Bioenergy is a potential source of energy conversion. It can be converted into electrical energy, heat energy, or gas for cooking.

• It will also process the waste and garbage and produce energy.

• Ocean currents are the storehouse of infinite energy. Tides and Waves are important sources of non- conventional source of energy in the form of Tidal and Wave energy. Hence option 3 is correct.

• India has great potential for tidal and waves energy however, it is not utilized fully yet.

• Firewood is the wood that is burned and used as fuel. Since the green cover is also limited and not replenished naturally, therefore, it is a conventional source of energy. Hence option 4 is not correct.

• Secondary activities are those activities that involve the manufacturing of finished goods by processing the raw materials that are found in nature.

• Secondary activities add value to natural resources by transforming raw materials into valuable products. Secondary activities are concerned with manufacturing, processing, and construction (infrastructure) industries.

• Cotton in the boll has limited use but after it is transformed into yarn, becomes more valuable and can be used for making clothes. The cotton textile industry involves spinning, weaving, and finishing fabrics.

• Iron ore, cannot be used; directly from the mines, but after being converted into steel it gets its value and can be used for making many valuable machines, tools, etc. Iron is extracted from iron ore by smelting in a blast furnace with carbon (coke) and limestone.

• Agro-processing (food processing) involves the processing of raw materials from the field and the farm into finished products for rural and urban markets. Majoragro-processing industries are food processing, sugar, pickles, fruit juices, beverages (tea, coffee, and cocoa), spices and oils fats and textiles (cotton, jute, silk), rubber, etc.

• The mining of Iron ore is a primary activity. Primary activities are directly dependent on the environment as these refer to the utilization of the earth's resources such as land, water, vegetation, building materials, and minerals.

Hence, option (a) is the correct answer.

• India is endowed with fairly abundant resources of iron ore. It has the largest reserve of iron ore in Asia. Haematite and magnetite two types of ores found in India. About 95 percent of the total reserves of iron ore are located in the States of Odisha, Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh, Karnataka, Goa, Telangana, Andhra Pradesh, and Tamil Nadu.

• The districts of Chandrapur, Bhandara, and Ratnagiri in Maharashtra produce iron ore.

• Durg is an important mine in Chhattisgarh. It forms the Durg-Bastar-Chandrapur belt of iron ore- producing areas. This belt is in Maharashtra and Madhya Pradesh.

• Jharkhand has some of the oldest iron ore mines and most of the iron and steel plants are located around them. Most of the important mines such as Noamundi and Gua are located in Poorbi and Pashchimi Singhbhum districts.

• In Odisha, iron ore occurs in a series of hill ranges in Sundergarh, Mayurbhanj, and Jhar. The important mines are Gurumahisani, Sulaipet, Badampahar (Mayurbhaj), Kiruburu (Kendujhar) and Bonai (Sundergarh).

Hence option (b) is the correct answer.