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Test: Biotechnology - 4 - UPSC MCQ


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10 Questions MCQ Test - Test: Biotechnology - 4

Test: Biotechnology - 4 for UPSC 2024 is part of UPSC preparation. The Test: Biotechnology - 4 questions and answers have been prepared according to the UPSC exam syllabus.The Test: Biotechnology - 4 MCQs are made for UPSC 2024 Exam. Find important definitions, questions, notes, meanings, examples, exercises, MCQs and online tests for Test: Biotechnology - 4 below.
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Test: Biotechnology - 4 - Question 1
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What is the term used for the process of modifying the genomes of living organisms, often with the use of recombinant DNA technology?

Detailed Solution for Test: Biotechnology - 4 - Question 1
Genetic engineering is the process of modifying the genomes of living organisms, and it is made possible by recombinant DNA technology. This technique allows for the manipulation of genes, including transplanting genes from one species to another or disabling specific genes in organisms. Genetic engineering plays a crucial role in various fields, including research, medicine, agriculture, and more.
Test: Biotechnology - 4 - Question 2
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Which term is commonly used to refer to genetically modified food crops such as pest-resistant corn and herbicide-resistant soybeans?

Detailed Solution for Test: Biotechnology - 4 - Question 2
Genetically modified food crops, such as pest-resistant corn and herbicide-resistant soybeans, are commonly referred to as GMOs, which stands for "genetically modified organisms." These crops have been genetically altered for specific traits, such as resistance to pests or herbicides, to improve their agricultural performance.
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Test: Biotechnology - 4 - Question 3
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What is the primary purpose of developing Golden rice, a genetically modified variety of rice?

Detailed Solution for Test: Biotechnology - 4 - Question 3
The primary purpose of developing Golden rice is to produce beta-carotene, which is a precursor to vitamin A. This genetically modified rice variety was created to address the issue of vitamin A deficiency, which is a significant public health problem in many parts of the world, particularly in Africa and Southeast Asia. Beta-carotene is converted into vitamin A in the human body when consumed.
Test: Biotechnology - 4 - Question 4
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Which type of organisms have been genetically modified to produce human antithrombin (ATryn) in their milk, used to treat a rare blood clotting disorder in humans?
Detailed Solution for Test: Biotechnology - 4 - Question 4
Goats have been genetically modified to produce human antithrombin (ATryn) in their milk. This genetically engineered protein is used for the treatment of a rare blood clotting disorder in humans. Goats are capable of producing pharmaceutical proteins in their milk, making them valuable for biotechnology applications.
Test: Biotechnology - 4 - Question 5
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What is the proposed advantage of using genetically engineered bananas that contain vaccines?
Detailed Solution for Test: Biotechnology - 4 - Question 5
The proposed advantage of using genetically engineered bananas that contain vaccines is that they provide a more effective vaccine delivery method. These "edible vaccines" could be easily consumed, especially by children, without the need for traditional injections. This approach aims to make vaccination more accessible and convenient.
Test: Biotechnology - 4 - Question 6
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Which enzyme is produced by genetically modified microorganisms like yeast, fungi, or bacteria to clot milk and make cheese, as an alternative to traditional rennet?
Detailed Solution for Test: Biotechnology - 4 - Question 6
Genetically modified microorganisms like yeast, fungi, or bacteria are engineered to produce the enzyme chymosin. Chymosin is used to clot milk and coagulate it during cheese production, serving as an alternative to traditional rennet derived from cow stomachs. This recombinant chymosin is widely used in cheese-making processes.
Test: Biotechnology - 4 - Question 7
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What do transgenic potatoes developed by the J.R. Simplot Company aim to reduce when cooked at high temperatures?
Detailed Solution for Test: Biotechnology - 4 - Question 7
Transgenic potatoes developed by the J.R. Simplot Company aim to reduce acrylamide formation when cooked at high temperatures. Acrylamide is a known neurotoxin and a likely carcinogen that forms in some foods, including potatoes, when they are cooked at high temperatures. These modified potatoes produce less of the amino acid asparagine, which contributes to acrylamide formation, making them a healthier choice when frying or baking.
Test: Biotechnology - 4 - Question 8
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Which field of bioengineering focuses on the application of engineering principles to problems in biological production, including fermentation processes?
Detailed Solution for Test: Biotechnology - 4 - Question 8
Biochemical Engineering is the field of bioengineering that focuses on the application of engineering principles to problems in biological production, including fermentation processes. It involves the use of engineering techniques to optimize the production of valuable substances, such as proteins and chemicals, using microorganisms or biological systems.
Test: Biotechnology - 4 - Question 9
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What is the term used for the artificial manipulation, modification, and recombination of DNA or other nucleic acid molecules to modify an organism's traits?
Detailed Solution for Test: Biotechnology - 4 - Question 9
The term used for the artificial manipulation, modification, and recombination of DNA or other nucleic acid molecules to modify an organism's traits is "genetic engineering." Genetic engineering allows scientists to introduce specific changes in an organism's genome, enabling the creation of organisms with desired characteristics.
Test: Biotechnology - 4 - Question 10
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What is the primary advantage of whole genome sequencing in comparison to exome sequencing?
Detailed Solution for Test: Biotechnology - 4 - Question 10
The primary advantage of whole genome sequencing in comparison to exome sequencing is that it provides a high-resolution, base-by-base view of the entire genome. While exome sequencing focuses on only a small portion of the genome (the exome), whole genome sequencing covers the entire DNA sequence, capturing both coding and non-coding regions, offering a comprehensive understanding of an individual's genetic makeup.
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