Test: Biomacromolecules (May 25) - NEET MCQ

Fatty acids are two main types- saturated and unsaturated fatty acids are without double bonds in their carbon chains. They have higher melting points and are solids at room temperature. They have a general formula of C_n​H₂n​O₂​,e.g., C₁₆​H₃₂​O₂​ (palmitic acid), C_18​H₃₆​O₂​ (stearic acid).

Animal fats are mostly saturated fats.

Unsaturated fatty acids contain one or more double bonds in their carbon chains. They have lower meting points and are liquids at room temperature. Their general formula is C_n​H_2n−2x​O_2​,e.g., oleic acid (with one double bond, monoene, C_18​H₃₄​O₂​), linoleic acid (with two double bonds, diene,C₁₈​H₃₂​O₂​),linolenic acid (with three double bonds,triene, C₁₈​H₃₀​O_2​).arachidonic acid (with four double bonds,tetraene,C₂₀​H₃₂​O_2​).Plant fats are generally unsaturated fats.

So, the  correct answer is 'Palmitic acid'.

Nucleoside is compound formed by the union of a nitrogen base with a pentose sugar. It is a component of nucleotide. Each nucleotide is composed of three units; a nitrogen base, a pentose sugar and a phosphate group.

The nucleoside combines with a phosphate group at 5'position by an ester bond to form a nucleotide or nucleoside monophosphate.

So, the correct option is 'both (a) and (c)'

Cytosine (C) is a pyrimidine i.e, a nitrogenous base. A combination of a nitrogenous base (purine or pyrimidine) with a pentose sugar is known as a nucleoside. Thus the combination of cytosine with ribose sugar results in the formation of a nucleoside called as cytidine, Similarly, The combination of cytosine with deoxyribose sugar is called as deoxycytidine.

Acidic amino acids have an extra carboxylic group (mono-amino dicarboxylic), e.g., glutamate (glutamic acid or Glu), asparate (aspartic acid or Asp).

Basic amino acids have an additional amino group without forming amides (diamino monocarboxylic), e.g., arginine (Arg), lysine (Lys).

The inorganic compounds like sulphate, phosphate, etc. are found in acid-soluble pool.

(i) The amino acid is the basic units of proteins and is formed by one carboxyl bond plus one amine group on the side chain.
(ii) On the basis of the compound present, they are divided into various types, for example, simple amino acid, sulphur containing amino acids, basic amino acids, an aromatic amino acid.
(iii) On the given structure CH₃ is present on the side chain, and here the amino acid is alanine and in the second image hydrogen is present as the side chain and so it is the simplest amino acid that is glycine.
(iv) On the third chain, CH₂OH is present and the amino acid is serine.
So, the correct option is 'i - Alanine, ii - Glycine, iii - Serine'

Nitrogen bases are heterocyclic compounds. They are of two types, substituted purines and substituted pyrimidines. Purines are larger-sized nitrogen containing biomolecules. They have 9−9-membered double rings. A purine has imidazole ring joined to pyrimidine ring at 44 and 55 positions. It has nitrogens at 1, 3, 7 and 9 positions. There are two types of purines- adenine (A) and guanine (G). Pyrimidines are 6−6- membered rings. A pyrimidine ring has nitrogen at 11 and 33 positions. Pyrimidine bases are of three types-cytosine (C), thymine (T) and uracil (U).

Glucose ans ribose both are carbohydrates. Ribose sugar constitutes RNA nucleotides. Glucose is a hexose sugar while ribose is a pentose sugar.

Biological molecules, also known as biomolecules, are large structures that are responsible for the catalysis, structure and function of the cell. The molecules (C,H, O, N etc.) within the biomolecules are joined by covalent bond because it is strong bond that maintains structural integrity. The biomolecules will then combine to form a functional cell. The examples include peptide bond, glycosidic bond, phosphodiester bond etc.

A. Peptide bond is a type of covalent bond found in polypeptides. So only proteins will show peptide bonds.

B. Ionic bonds result in formation of cation and anion which could hamper the vital activities within the cells.

C. Hygrogen bonds are weak bonds and they do not confer structural integrity to the molecules.

D. Covalent bonds form the backbone of the structure of biomolecules. 

Hence, the correct answer is 'covalent bond'.

Hard fats (e.g., butter, ghee) and oils (e.g., sunflower oil, mustard oil, groundnut oil, etc.) are the examples of triglycerides.