Nazism And The Rise Of Hitler -Olympiad Level MCQ, Class 9 SST - Class 9 MCQ

Correct Answer :- c

Explanation : The Treaty of Versailles was hated by Germany because she was stripped of 13% of her territory and 10 percent of the population; the border territories of Alsace and Lorraine were returned to France. Germany lost all of her colonies, 75% of her iron ore deposits and 26% of her coal and potash and also Germany was demilitarized.

The German Bundestag is the national Parliament of the Federal Republic of Germany. Its seat is the Reichstag Building in Berlin. In the current electoral term, Parliament is composed of 709 Members. This is the 19th electoral term since the establishment of the Federal Republic in 1949.

Propounder of the theory of "Survival of the Fittest":

1. Charles Darwin: Charles Darwin was a British naturalist and biologist who is best known for his contributions to the theory of evolution. He proposed the theory of natural selection, which states that individuals with favorable traits are more likely to survive and reproduce, passing on their traits to future generations. Darwin's work laid the foundation for the concept of "survival of the fittest."


2. Herbert Spencer: Herbert Spencer was an English philosopher and sociologist who popularized the phrase "survival of the fittest." He applied Darwin's ideas of natural selection to society and coined the term "social Darwinism." Spencer believed that societies and individuals evolve through competition, with the strongest and most adaptable surviving and prospering.


3. Adolf Hitler: Adolf Hitler, the leader of Nazi Germany, did not propound the theory of "survival of the fittest." However, he misinterpreted and distorted Darwin's ideas to support his own racist and eugenicist ideologies.


4. Isaac Newton: Isaac Newton was a physicist and mathematician who is best known for his laws of motion and universal gravitation. He did not propound the theory of "survival of the fittest."

Therefore, the correct answer is B: Herbert Spencer.

Chancellorship Offered to Hitler

• Correct Answer: D - Hindenburg

Explanation:

• Adolf Hitler was offered the Chancellorship by Paul von Hindenburg.


• Hindenburg was the President of Germany at the time.


• The offer was made on January 30, 1933.


• Hitler accepted the offer and became the Chancellor of Germany.


• This marked the beginning of Hitler's rise to power and the start of the Nazi regime in Germany.

People who supported the Weimar Republic were:

1. Socialists: Socialists were one of the groups that supported the Weimar Republic. They believed in the principles of social democracy and saw the Weimar Republic as a way to achieve social and economic equality.


2. Catholics: Catholics also supported the Weimar Republic. They saw it as a way to protect their religious freedoms and maintain their influence in society.


3. Democrats: Democrats, who believed in the principles of democracy and the rule of law, supported the Weimar Republic. They saw it as a step towards establishing a stable and democratic government in Germany.

It is important to note that while these groups supported the Weimar Republic, there were also other groups and individuals who opposed it. However, in this specific question, the answer is option D, which includes Socialists, Catholics, and Democrats as the supporters of the Weimar Republic.

To justify Nazi ideas of race, the concept of Racial Science was introduced. Here is a detailed explanation of how this concept was used to support Nazi ideas:
1. Racial Hierarchy:
- Racial Science promoted the idea of a racial hierarchy, with the Aryan race at the top and other races considered inferior.
- This hierarchy was used to justify the subjugation, persecution, and extermination of individuals and groups deemed racially inferior, such as Jews, Romani people, and disabled individuals.
2. Eugenics:
- Racial Science incorporated the concept of eugenics, which aimed to improve the genetic quality of the population by selective breeding.
- The Nazis believed in the superiority of the Aryan race and sought to eliminate individuals with perceived genetic defects or undesirable traits.
- This led to forced sterilizations, euthanasia programs, and ultimately the Holocaust.
3. Pseudoscientific theories:
- Racial Science relied on pseudoscientific theories such as phrenology and craniometry to support Nazi racial ideologies.
- These theories claimed to measure and analyze racial differences based on physical characteristics, but they lacked scientific validity and were used to justify discrimination and genocide.
4. Propaganda and indoctrination:
- The Nazi regime used Racial Science as a tool for propaganda and indoctrination, disseminating ideas of racial purity and superiority.
- Through education, media, and public events, the population was influenced to accept and support Nazi racial policies.
5. Persecution and extermination:
- The introduction of Racial Science provided a pseudo-scientific framework to legitimize the persecution and extermination of targeted groups.
- It allowed the Nazis to present their actions as a necessary defense of the Aryan race against supposed threats from other races.
In conclusion, the introduction of Racial Science played a crucial role in justifying Nazi ideas of race. It provided a pseudo-scientific basis for the racial hierarchy, eugenics policies, and persecution of targeted groups. However, it is important to note that these ideas were based on false theories and served as a tool for propaganda and genocide.

Germany's Surrender in May 1945

• Background: Germany was engaged in World War II, a global conflict that started in 1939.


• Allies: The Allies were a coalition of countries including the United States, Britain, and the Soviet Union, among others.


• German Surrender: In May 1945, Germany surrendered unconditionally, marking the end of World War II in Europe.


• Key Points:




• Germany's surrender was a result of the combined efforts and military successes of the Allies.


• The Allies, including the United States, Britain, and the Soviet Union, played a significant role in defeating Germany.


• While all the Allies contributed to Germany's surrender, it is important to note that the specific surrender terms were negotiated and accepted by representatives from Germany and the Allied powers.




• Answer: Germany surrendered to the Allies in May 1945.

Therefore, the correct answer is option D: Allies.

July 1932 German federal election. Federal elections were held in Germany on 31 July 1932, following the premature dissolution of the Reichstag. They saw great gains by the Nazi Party, which for the first time became the largest party in parliament but without winning a majority.

Propaganda films were made to create hatred for Jews. The most infamous film was The Eternal Jew. Orthodox Jews were stereotyped and marked. They were shown with flowing beards wearing kaftans. They were referred to as vermin, rats, and pests. Their movements were compared to those of rodents. Orthodox Jews were stereotyped as killers of Christ and moneylenders. Stereotypes about Jews were popularised even through Maths classes. Children were taught to hate the Jews. The Nazi propaganda against the Jews was so effective that people felt anger and hatred surge inside them when they saw someone who looked like a Jew.

Hitler pulled out of the League of Nations in 1933, reoccupied the Rhineland in 1936, and integrated Austria and Germany in 1938 under the slogan, One people, One empire, and One leader.

The article of the Weimar Constitution that gave the President the powers to impose emergency, suspend civil rights, and rule by decree in Germany was:
Option C: Article 48
- Article 48 of the Weimar Constitution granted the President of Germany the authority to declare a state of emergency and take extraordinary measures to maintain public order and security.
- This article allowed the President to suspend civil rights, such as freedom of speech, assembly, and press, in times of crisis.
- The President could also issue decrees without the approval of the Reichstag, the German parliament, in order to address urgent matters.
- The intention behind Article 48 was to provide the President with the means to effectively govern during emergencies, but it also opened the possibility for abuse of power.
- The use of Article 48 became increasingly common during the later years of the Weimar Republic, as political instability and economic crises plagued Germany.
- Ultimately, the broad powers granted by Article 48 contributed to the erosion of democratic institutions and paved the way for the rise of Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party.

Hitler took over the German's worker party and re-named it as National socialist party.As we know that Hitler entered the politics and joined the German worker's party (DAP)in 1919.Soon , Hitler took charge of party propaganda (thought) and realized one thing the movement lacked was a recognizable symbol of flag or symbol.He chose the swatika ,it provided powerful and helped the party.He also changed the name of German worker's party into National socialist party,In short,Nazi.

Charlotte Beradt secretly recorded people’s dreams in her diary and later published them in a highly disconcerting book called the Third Reich of Dreams. She describes how Jews themselves began believing in the Nazi stereotypes about them. They dreamt of their hooked noses, black hair and eyes, Jewish looks and body movements.

The name given to gas chambers by Nazis was "Disinfection Areas".
Explanation:
The Nazis used the term "Disinfection Areas" to refer to the gas chambers where mass killings took place during the Holocaust. This euphemistic term was used to deceive the victims and hide the true nature of the chambers. The Nazis claimed that these chambers were necessary for hygiene purposes and to prevent the spread of diseases. However, in reality, these chambers were used to systematically exterminate millions of innocent people, primarily Jews, but also other targeted groups such as Romani people, disabled individuals, and political dissidents.
Key Points:
- The gas chambers were a central part of the Nazis' genocidal machinery during the Holocaust.
- The term "Disinfection Areas" was deliberately deceptive and aimed at misleading the victims about their fate.
- The gas chambers were used to murder millions of people through the use of toxic gases, such as Zyklon B.
- The Nazis sought to efficiently and systematically exterminate targeted groups as part of their racial and ideological agenda.
- The gas chambers were a horrific symbol of the Holocaust and the depths of human cruelty and genocide.

In Germany students between 10-14 years of Age had to join an organization called Jungvolk. These were made responsible for educating German youth in the ‘the spirit of National Socialism’.

Germany's Withdrawal from the League of Nations

The correct answer is D: 1933. Germany withdrew herself from the League of Nations in 1933. Here is a detailed explanation:

1. Introduction to the League of Nations

• The League of Nations was an international organization established after World War I in 1920.


• Its primary goal was to maintain peace and prevent future conflicts through diplomacy and collective security.


• Germany was one of the founding members of the League of Nations.

2. Rise of Adolf Hitler and Nazi Party

• In the early 1930s, Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party gained power in Germany.


• Hitler's rise to power marked a significant shift in German foreign policy and a rejection of international cooperation.

3. Germany's Withdrawal

• In October 1933, Germany officially withdrew from the League of Nations.


• This decision was largely influenced by Hitler's desire to pursue an aggressive foreign policy and expand German territories.


• The withdrawal was seen as a rejection of the League's principles and an indication of Germany's increasing isolation from the international community.

4. Consequences

• Germany's withdrawal from the League of Nations further weakened the organization's effectiveness.


• It undermined the League's credibility and highlighted its inability to prevent the aggressive actions of member states.


• Germany's withdrawal also foreshadowed its later actions, such as the remilitarization of the Rhineland and the annexation of Austria.

In conclusion, Germany withdrew herself from the League of Nations in 1933, under the leadership of Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party. This decision marked a significant shift in German foreign policy and had far-reaching consequences for both Germany and the League of Nations.

What was the Holocaust?
The Holocaust refers to the systematic persecution and genocide of approximately six million Jews by the Nazi regime during World War II. It was a state-sponsored campaign of mass murder and ethnic cleansing that targeted Jews, as well as other groups such as Romani people, disabled individuals, Polish people, and Soviet prisoners of war.


Key Points:
- The Holocaust was a dark chapter in German history that took place from 1941 to 1945.
- It was carried out by the Nazi regime led by Adolf Hitler and his associates.
- The Nazis implemented a series of policies and actions aimed at the extermination of the Jewish population.
- The Holocaust involved mass shootings, forced labor, concentration camps, and extermination camps.
- Jews were systematically stripped of their rights, property, and dignity before being deported and murdered.
- The most notorious extermination camp was Auschwitz-Birkenau, where over a million people, mostly Jews, were killed.
- The Holocaust is considered one of the most heinous crimes against humanity in history.
- It led to the loss of millions of innocent lives and left a lasting impact on survivors, families, and communities.
- The Holocaust serves as a reminder of the dangers of prejudice, discrimination, and hatred.
- It is essential to remember and learn from the Holocaust to prevent such atrocities from happening again.

Responsibility of Economic Recovery by Hitler
The person assigned the responsibility of economic recovery by Hitler was Hjalmar Schacht.
Reasoning:
- Hjalmar Schacht was an economist and banker who played a crucial role in implementing Hitler's economic policies.
- He served as the President of the Reichsbank and Minister of Economics during the early years of Hitler's rule.
- Schacht was responsible for implementing various economic measures aimed at stimulating economic growth and reducing unemployment in Nazi Germany.
- He introduced public works programs, rearmament projects, and trade policies to boost the economy.
- Schacht also played a role in financing Hitler's military expansion by introducing policies such as the Mefo bills and the Four Year Plan.
- However, Schacht's influence waned over time, and he was eventually replaced by other economic advisors who advocated for more radical and aggressive economic policies.
Therefore, the correct answer is C: Hjalmar Schacht.

Evacuation: What does the term mean?
The term 'Evacuation' refers to the process of removing people from a place of danger or potential harm and relocating them to a safer location. In the context of the given options, the correct answer is option B: Deporting people to gas chambers.
Explanation:
Evacuation during the Holocaust involved the forced removal and deportation of millions of Jews and other targeted groups to extermination camps, where they were subsequently murdered in gas chambers. This systematic extermination was carried out by the Nazis as part of their genocidal plan to eliminate certain populations deemed undesirable.
Summary:
Evacuation during the Holocaust meant the deportation of people to gas chambers, where they were killed as part of the Nazi's genocidal plan.

Answer:

Book Written by Hitler:

• Mein Kampf: This book was written by Adolf Hitler during his imprisonment in 1924. It is an autobiographical manifesto in which Hitler outlines his political ideology and future plans for Germany. It became a bestseller in Germany and played a significant role in promoting Nazi ideology.


• Das capital: This book was not written by Hitler. It was written by Karl Marx and is a foundational text in Marxist theory. It discusses the capitalist mode of production and the class struggle.


• Struggle to Death: This book was not written by Hitler. It is not a known book written by any prominent author.


• All of these: The correct answer is not "All of these" as only "Mein Kampf" was written by Hitler.

Therefore, the correct book written by Hitler is "Mein Kampf".

Axis Powers during World War II:
The Axis Powers were the countries that formed an alliance during World War II. They aimed to expand their territories and promote their own ideologies. The major Axis Powers were:
1. Germany:
- Led by Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party.
- Sought to establish a fascist regime and expand its territories in Europe.
2. Italy:
- Led by Benito Mussolini and the National Fascist Party.
- Aims to restore the Roman Empire and expand its territories in Africa and the Mediterranean.
3. Japan:
- Led by Emperor Hirohito and the Imperial Japanese Army.
- Sought to establish a greater East Asian Co-Prosperity Sphere and expand its territories in Asia and the Pacific.
Reasons for Alliance:
- Shared ideologies of fascism, militarism, and expansionism.
- Mutual interests in territorial expansion and the desire to challenge the existing world order.
Axis Powers' Actions during WWII:
- Germany invaded Poland in 1939, which ignited the war in Europe.
- Italy invaded Ethiopia in 1935 and later Albania in 1939.
- Japan launched a surprise attack on Pearl Harbor in 1941, bringing the United States into the war.
Outcome:
- The Axis Powers were ultimately defeated in 1945.
- Germany and Italy were occupied by Allied forces, and Japan faced significant destruction and occupation.
Therefore, the correct answer is D: Germany, Italy, and Japan.

The Soviet Army ultimately captured Berlin. On 15 April 1945, the Soviet Union fired a massive barrage of some one million artillery shells, one of the largest in history, onto the German positions west of the Oder.

Introduction:
The Economic Depression in the United States occurred during the late 1920s and early 1930s. It was one of the most severe economic downturns in the country's history and had a significant impact on the global economy.
Key Points:
- The Economic Depression in the United States started in 1929.
- It was triggered by the stock market crash on October 29, 1929, also known as Black Tuesday.
- The crash caused a decline in stock prices and wiped out billions of dollars in wealth.
- The effects of the stock market crash quickly spread to other sectors of the economy, leading to a sharp decline in consumer spending and investment.
- The depression was characterized by high unemployment rates, widespread business failures, and a general economic decline.
- The Great Depression, as it came to be known, lasted for about a decade, with the economy only starting to recover in the late 1930s.
- The depression had a profound impact on the lives of millions of Americans, causing poverty, homelessness, and social unrest.
- It also had a global impact, as trade and international finance were severely disrupted.
Conclusion:
The Economic Depression in the United States occurred in 1929 and lasted for about a decade. It was triggered by the stock market crash and had a profound impact on the country's economy and the lives of its citizens.

Germany,Italy and Japan were the axis powers during world war 2 and opposed (against)the allies Britain, France, Soviet union and USA.

Enabling Act:
The Enabling Act was a crucial legislation passed by the German Reichstag on March 23, 1933, during the early years of Adolf Hitler's rule. The act effectively granted Hitler and his cabinet the power to enact laws without the involvement or approval of the Reichstag, effectively establishing a dictatorship in Germany. Here are the key points about the Enabling Act:
1. Background: The Enabling Act was proposed in response to the Reichstag fire, which occurred on February 27, 1933. The fire was used by the Nazis as a pretext to suppress political opposition and consolidate power.
2. Content of the Act: The Enabling Act allowed the government to issue laws without the consent of the Reichstag for a period of four years. It effectively suspended civil liberties, including freedom of speech, assembly, and press.
3. Passage of the Act: The Enabling Act was passed with the support of the Nazi Party and its coalition partners, primarily the German National People's Party. The act received the necessary two-thirds majority vote in the Reichstag, as the Social Democratic Party was banned and many Communist Party members were already arrested.
4. Consequences: With the Enabling Act in place, Hitler's government swiftly dismantled democratic institutions, suppressed political opposition, and implemented policies that would lead to the establishment of a totalitarian regime. It paved the way for the Nazi regime's consolidation of power and the subsequent persecution of various groups, including Jews, political dissidents, and minority communities.
5. Impact on German Democracy: The Enabling Act marked the end of the Weimar Republic and the beginning of Nazi rule in Germany. It effectively destroyed the checks and balances of the democratic system, concentrating power in the hands of Hitler and his inner circle.
The Enabling Act played a significant role in the establishment of Hitler's dictatorship and the subsequent events that unfolded during the Nazi era. It exemplifies how the erosion of democratic institutions can lead to the rise of authoritarian regimes.

Who was Hjalmar Schacht?
Hjalmar Schacht was a prominent figure in German economics and politics during the early 20th century. He held various high-ranking positions and played a significant role in shaping Germany's economic policies during the Weimar Republic and Nazi era. Here are some key points about Hjalmar Schacht:
Economist:
- Schacht was primarily known for his expertise in economics and finance.
- He served as the President of the Reichsbank, Germany's central bank, from 1923 to 1930 and again from 1933 to 1939.
- During his tenure, Schacht implemented various policies to stabilize Germany's currency and combat hyperinflation.
Weimar Republic:
- In the aftermath of World War I, Schacht played a crucial role in negotiating Germany's reparation payments.
- He advocated for financial reforms and the creation of the Rentenmark, a temporary currency that helped stabilize the German economy.
Nazi Era:
- Despite initially opposing Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party, Schacht was appointed as Minister of Economics in 1934.
- He was a key architect of the Nazi economic policies, including the implementation of the Four-Year Plan to prepare Germany for war.
War Crimes Trial:
- After World War II, Schacht was arrested and charged with war crimes at the Nuremberg Trials.
- He was acquitted of the charges related to war crimes but was convicted of crimes against peace and planning aggressive war.
Later Years:
- Schacht continued to be involved in economics and finance after his release from prison.
- He worked as an economic advisor and held various positions in international banking institutions.
Overall, Hjalmar Schacht was a renowned economist who played a significant role in German economic policies during the Weimar Republic and Nazi era.

Tripartite Pact
The Tripartite Pact was a mutual defense treaty signed on September 27, 1940, in Berlin, Germany. It established a formal alliance between three major powers during World War II: Germany, Japan, and Italy. Here is a detailed explanation of the parties involved in the Tripartite Pact:
1. Germany:
Germany, officially known as the German Reich, was under the leadership of Adolf Hitler during this period. It was a totalitarian state and a major power in Europe at the time. Germany played a central role in initiating the Tripartite Pact.
2. Japan:
Japan, officially known as the Empire of Japan, was led by Emperor Hirohito and Prime Minister Hideki Tojo. Japan was expanding its territory in Asia and the Pacific through military aggression. The signing of the Tripartite Pact solidified Japan's alliance with Germany and Italy.
3. Italy:
Italy, officially known as the Italian Social Republic, was under the leadership of Benito Mussolini. Italy was a fascist state and sought to regain its former glory by expanding its influence in Europe and Africa. Mussolini viewed the Tripartite Pact as a means to strengthen Italy's position on the world stage.
Therefore, the correct answer is A: Japan, Italy. Germany, Japan, and Italy were the three countries involved in the signing of the Tripartite Pact in 1940.

Hitler's policy for the cult of motherhood aimed to promote a specific role for women in Nazi Germany. The goal was to encourage women to embrace traditional gender roles and focus on their roles as mothers and caregivers. However, one aspect of Hitler's policy for the cult of motherhood did not include equal rights for women.

The following were part of Hitler's policy for the cult of motherhood:
- Children were taught that women were different from men: Children in Nazi Germany were repeatedly told that women were radically different from men, emphasizing their roles as mothers and caregivers.
- Mothers were expected to teach Nazi values: Mothers were supposed to teach their children the Nazi values, including loyalty to the state, obedience, and the importance of racial purity.
- Reward for producing racially desirable children: All those women who produced racially desirable children were awarded, providing an incentive for women to have more children and contribute to the Aryan race.
However, equal rights for women were not part of Hitler's policy for the cult of motherhood:
- Hitler's regime believed in a traditional view of gender roles, where women were expected to focus on their roles as mothers and caregivers rather than pursuing careers or equality with men.
Therefore, the correct answer is A: Equal rights for women.

Hitler assigned the responsibility of economic recovery to economist Hjalmar Shacht who aimed at full production and full employment through a state funded work creation programme. This project produced the famous german super highways and people's car the volkswagen.