Poverty As A Challenge -Olympiad Level MCQ, Class 9 SST - Class 9 MCQ

Answer:

Introduction:

The question asks about the part of the world where poverty remained the same during the period from 1981 to 2001. Let's analyze each option to determine the correct answer.

Analysis:

• Option A: South Asia: South Asia has seen a significant decrease in poverty rates during the period from 1981 to 2001. Therefore, it is not the correct answer.


• Option B: Sub-Saharan Africa: Sub-Saharan Africa has experienced an increase in poverty rates during this period. Therefore, it is not the correct answer.


• Option C: China: China has made remarkable progress in reducing poverty rates during the given period. Therefore, it is not the correct answer.


• Option D: Latin America: Latin America is the correct answer as poverty rates remained relatively stable in this region from 1981 to 2001.

Conclusion:

Based on the analysis, it can be concluded that poverty rates remained the same in Latin America during the period from 1981 to 2001.

Country of South-East Asia with Rapid Economic Growth and Decline in Poverty:
China
Explanation:
China is the country in South-East Asia that has made significant economic growth resulting in a decline in poverty. Here are the reasons why China is the correct answer:
1. Economic Growth:
- China has experienced rapid economic growth over the past few decades, becoming one of the world's largest economies.
- The country has implemented various economic reforms and policies that have stimulated growth and development.
- China's GDP growth rate has been consistently high, averaging around 6-8% per year.
2. Reduction in Poverty:
- As a result of its economic growth, China has been successful in reducing poverty levels significantly.
- The country has lifted millions of people out of poverty, improving their living standards and well-being.
- China's poverty alleviation efforts have included targeted policies, investments in infrastructure, and job creation.
3. Social Welfare Programs:
- China has implemented various social welfare programs to support its population, particularly those in need.
- The government has provided access to education, healthcare, and social security to help improve the quality of life for its citizens.
- These programs have played a crucial role in reducing poverty and improving social outcomes.
4. Investment in Infrastructure:
- China has invested heavily in infrastructure development, including transportation, energy, and telecommunications.
- This investment has not only stimulated economic growth but also improved connectivity and access to opportunities for its population.
- Infrastructure development has been a key driver in reducing regional disparities and improving living conditions.
Overall, China's rapid economic growth and effective poverty reduction strategies have contributed to a significant decline in poverty levels in the country.

The full form of NFWP is National Food for Work Programme.
Explanation:
The National Food for Work Programme (NFWP) is a government initiative aimed at providing employment opportunities and food security to rural households in India. It was launched in 2004 as a part of the larger National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (NREGA) scheme.
Under the NFWP, rural households are provided with food grains in exchange for their labor. The program focuses on creating public assets such as roads, canals, ponds, and other infrastructure in rural areas.
The NFWP aims to address the issue of unemployment and poverty in rural areas by providing temporary employment opportunities and ensuring food security for the participating households. It helps in improving the overall well-being and livelihoods of the rural population.
In conclusion, the full form of NFWP is National Food for Work Programme, which is a government scheme aimed at providing employment and food security to rural households in India.

To identify the social indicators of poverty, we need to consider various factors that are directly or indirectly related to poverty. Among the given options, the one that is not considered a social indicator of poverty is:
A: Less number of means of transport
Explanation:
Social indicators of poverty are measures that reflect the social and economic well-being of individuals or communities. They help in understanding the extent and impact of poverty. The options B, C, and D can be considered as social indicators of poverty because:
B: Illiteracy level
- Illiteracy is often associated with limited access to education and employment opportunities, which can contribute to poverty.
C: Lack of access to health care
- Lack of access to healthcare services can lead to poor health outcomes and increased vulnerability to poverty.
D: Lack of job opportunities
- Lack of job opportunities can result in unemployment or underemployment, which can contribute to poverty.
However, the option A, "Less number of means of transport," is not typically considered a direct social indicator of poverty. While limited transportation options can be a consequence of poverty, it is not typically used as a specific indicator to measure poverty levels.
In conclusion, the correct answer is A: Less number of means of transport.

Poverty Ratio in States Above National Average

• West Bengal: The poverty ratio in West Bengal is above the national average.


• Tamil Nadu: The poverty ratio in Tamil Nadu is not specified.


• Andhra Pradesh: The poverty ratio in Andhra Pradesh is not specified.


• Karnataka: The poverty ratio in Karnataka is not specified.

Therefore, the correct answer is West Bengal.

Which industry suffered the most during colonial period?

• Jute: The jute industry suffered the most during the colonial period.


• Textile: The textile industry also faced significant challenges, but it did not suffer as much as the jute industry.


• Indigo: The indigo industry also faced difficulties, but it was not as severely impacted as the jute industry.


• All the above: None of the above options are correct as the correct answer is jute.

Explanation:
During the colonial period, the jute industry suffered the most. Here's why:

• The British rulers imposed heavy taxes and regulations on the jute industry.


• They focused on exporting raw jute instead of encouraging the development of jute processing industries in India.


• The jute industry faced competition from British jute mills, which had modern machinery and better infrastructure.


• Due to these factors, the jute industry in India declined, leading to unemployment and economic hardships.

Therefore, the correct answer is option A: Jute.

Invalid Reasons for the Poverty Alleviation Programme in India

Explanation:

A: Lack of proper implementation

• Proper implementation of poverty alleviation programs is essential for their success.


• When programs are not implemented effectively, they fail to reach the intended beneficiaries and do not have the desired impact on poverty reduction.


• This is a valid reason for the poverty alleviation program in India.

B: Lack of right targeting

• Targeting is crucial in poverty alleviation programs to ensure that the benefits reach the most vulnerable and needy individuals.


• When programs are not targeted correctly, they may end up benefiting those who are not in dire need, while leaving out the most deserving individuals.


• This is a valid reason for the poverty alleviation program in India.

C: Corruption at the highest level

• Corruption at the highest level refers to the involvement of top government officials or political leaders in corrupt practices related to poverty alleviation programs.


• While corruption can hinder the effectiveness of poverty alleviation efforts, it is not listed as an option for invalid reasons.


• This option is not a valid reason for the poverty alleviation program in India.

D: Overlapping of schemes

• Overlapping of schemes refers to multiple poverty alleviation programs targeting the same beneficiaries or providing similar benefits.


• When schemes overlap, it can lead to duplication of efforts, inefficient resource allocation, and confusion among beneficiaries.


• This is a valid reason for the poverty alleviation program in India.

Conclusion:

Among the given options, the invalid reason for the poverty alleviation program in India is C: Corruption at the highest level. While corruption can hinder poverty alleviation efforts, it is not listed as an option for invalid reasons in this context.

Indicator of Poverty in India:
There are several indicators of poverty in India, but the correct answer to the given question is option D: All of these. The indicators of poverty in India include:
1. Income level: Low income is one of the primary indicators of poverty. Many individuals and families in poverty struggle to meet their basic needs due to insufficient income.
2. Illiteracy level: Illiteracy is closely associated with poverty. Lack of education limits opportunities for employment and economic advancement, often leading to a cycle of poverty.
3. Employment level: High unemployment rates and underemployment contribute to poverty. Limited job opportunities and low wages make it difficult for individuals to escape poverty and improve their standard of living.
4. Other indicators: Other indicators of poverty in India include lack of access to basic amenities such as clean water, sanitation facilities, healthcare, and proper housing.
It is important to note that these indicators are interconnected and often reinforce each other. Addressing one indicator alone may not be sufficient to alleviate poverty effectively. A comprehensive approach that targets multiple indicators is required to tackle poverty effectively in India.

Calorie Requirement in Rural Areas

• Reasons for higher calorie requirement in rural areas:




• Physical labor: People in rural areas are often engaged in physical labor such as farming, manual labor, and agricultural activities. These activities require more energy and hence a higher calorie intake.


• Limited access to technology: Rural areas may have limited access to modern technology, resulting in more manual and labor-intensive work. This leads to a higher calorie requirement.


• Lack of transportation: In rural areas, people may have to walk long distances for daily activities such as fetching water, going to school, or accessing basic amenities. This increased physical activity contributes to a higher calorie requirement.


• Food availability: In some rural areas, access to a variety of food items may be limited. As a result, people may rely on a few staple foods that may not provide all the necessary nutrients, leading to a higher calorie requirement to compensate for the lack of nutritional diversity.


• Climate and environment: Rural areas may have harsher climates and environmental conditions, which can increase the energy expenditure of individuals. Extreme temperatures, altitude, and demanding agricultural practices can all contribute to a higher calorie requirement.

Therefore, the higher calorie requirement in rural areas can be attributed to the physical labor, limited access to technology, lack of transportation, food availability, and the climate and environment conditions.

Answer:
To determine which country had a rise in poverty from 1981 to 2001, we need to analyze the options provided.
1. Sub-Saharan Africa: This region consists of multiple countries and has been plagued by poverty for a long time. While poverty rates may have fluctuated within individual countries, it is a generalization to say that poverty rose across the entire region. Therefore, this option cannot be definitively identified as the correct answer.
2. India: India has made significant progress in reducing poverty over the years. However, during the specified time period, poverty rates did increase in some regions and among certain populations. Therefore, this option is a plausible answer.
3. China: China experienced a remarkable reduction in poverty from the 1980s onwards. Therefore, this option is unlikely to be the correct answer.
4. Russia: Russia underwent significant economic and social changes during this time period. While poverty rates may have fluctuated, it is not generally known for experiencing a rise in poverty during this period. Therefore, this option is unlikely to be the correct answer.
Based on the above analysis, the most plausible answer is Sub-Saharan Africa (option A), as poverty rates in this region have remained high and have even increased in some countries during the specified time period. However, it is important to note that poverty rates can vary within countries and regions, so a more specific answer would require further analysis of individual countries within Sub-Saharan Africa.

Not the major cause of income inequality in India:

• Unequal distribution of land: Unequal distribution of land is a major cause of income inequality in India. The concentration of land ownership in the hands of a few leads to a skewed distribution of wealth and income.


• Lack of fertile land: While the availability of fertile land is important for agricultural productivity, it is not a major cause of income inequality in India. Income inequality is more influenced by factors such as unequal access to resources, education, and opportunities.


• Gap between rich and the poor: The gap between the rich and the poor is a significant cause of income inequality in India. The concentration of wealth and income in the hands of a few leads to a widening gap between the rich and the poor.


• Increase in population: While population growth can put pressure on resources and infrastructure, it is not the major cause of income inequality in India. Income inequality is influenced more by factors such as unequal distribution of resources, social and economic policies, and lack of access to opportunities.

In conclusion, the correct answer is Lack of fertile land as it is not a major cause of income inequality in India.

Government Aims to Meet the Millennium Development Goals:
To answer the question, we need to determine the year by which governments aimed to meet the Millennium Development Goals, including halving the rate of global poverty. The options given are:
A: 2011
B: 2015
C: 2045
D: 2035

The correct answer is option B: 2015. Here's the breakdown:
1. The Millennium Development Goals (MDGs):
- The Millennium Development Goals were eight international development goals established by the United Nations in 2000.
- The goals aimed to address various aspects of global poverty, health, education, gender equality, and environmental sustainability.
2. Halving the Rate of Global Poverty:
- One of the key goals of the MDGs was to halve the rate of global poverty.
- This meant reducing the proportion of people living in extreme poverty (living on less than $1.25 a day) by 50%.
3. Target Year:
- The target year set by the United Nations to achieve the MDGs, including halving global poverty, was 2015.
- This means that governments aimed to meet these goals by the end of 2015.
4. Achievement and Progress:
- While significant progress was made towards achieving the MDGs, not all targets were fully met by 2015.
- However, the MDGs served as a framework for international development efforts and laid the foundation for the subsequent Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) adopted in 2015.
In conclusion, governments aimed to meet the Millennium Development Goals, including halving the rate of global poverty, by the year 2015.

Which social groups are vulnerable to poverty?

• Scheduled caste: Scheduled caste individuals often face discrimination and lack access to education, healthcare, and employment opportunities, which makes them vulnerable to poverty.


• Urban casual labour: Urban casual laborers, who are usually engaged in informal and low-paying jobs, often struggle to earn a stable income and lack social security benefits, making them susceptible to poverty.


• Rural agricultural households: Rural agricultural households heavily rely on agriculture for their livelihood. However, factors such as unpredictable weather conditions, lack of access to modern technology, and low productivity often lead to poverty among these households.

Therefore, all of the above social groups - scheduled caste, urban casual labor, and rural agricultural households - are vulnerable to poverty.

Answer:

The National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (NREGA) provides employment for a certain number of days. The correct answer is option D, which is 100 days.

Explanation:

The NREGA, also known as the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA), is a social security scheme that guarantees rural households the right to 100 days of employment in a financial year. Here are some key points to understand:

• NREGA: The National Rural Employment Guarantee Act was enacted in India in 2005.


• MGNREGA: The scheme was later renamed as the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act in 2009 to honor Mahatma Gandhi's vision of empowering rural communities.


• Objective: The primary objective of NREGA is to enhance livelihood security in rural areas by providing at least 100 days of guaranteed wage employment in a financial year to every household whose adult members volunteer to do unskilled manual work.


• Eligibility: All rural households in India are eligible to apply for work under NREGA.


• Wage payment: The wages are directly credited to the bank or post office accounts of the workers, ensuring transparency and reducing corruption.


• Work opportunities: The scheme provides various work opportunities such as water conservation, drought proofing, land development, and irrigation projects, to name a few.


• Monitoring and implementation: The implementation of NREGA is monitored by the Ministry of Rural Development, and various measures are taken to ensure effective implementation and timely payment of wages.

Therefore, the NREGA provides employment for 100 days in a financial year to eligible rural households in India.

Scheme started in 1993 to create self-employment opportunities for educated unemployed youth in rural areas and small towns:

Prime Minister Rojgar Yojana:

• Started in 1993.


• Aimed at providing self-employment opportunities to educated unemployed youth in rural areas and small towns.


• Offered financial assistance and training to set up small businesses or enterprises.


• Implemented by the Ministry of Rural Development.

National Rural Employment Guarantee Act:

• Enacted in 2005.


• Guaranteed 100 days of employment per year to rural households.


• Focused on providing wage employment rather than self-employment.


• Implemented by the Ministry of Rural Development.

Rural Employment Generation Programme:

• Launched in 1995.


• Aimed at generating self-employment opportunities in rural areas.


• Provided financial assistance for setting up small-scale industries, businesses, and service enterprises.


• Implemented by the Department of Rural Development.

Swarnajayanti Gram Swarojgar Yojana:

• Launched in 1999.


• Aimed at providing sustainable income-generating opportunities to rural poor.


• Emphasized the formation of Self-Help Groups (SHGs) and their capacity building.


• Implemented by the Ministry of Rural Development.

Therefore, the correct answer is option A: Prime Minister Rojgar Yojana.

Given:

The question asks for the percentage of Indian people who were poor in the year 2000.

To find:

The percentage of Indian people who were poor in the year 2000.

Approach:

There is no specific data provided in the question to directly calculate the percentage of Indian people who were poor in the year 2000. However, we can make an educated guess based on available information.

It is important to note that the question is from 2011, referring to the year 2000. Therefore, we need to consider the data available up until 2011 as a reference.

Steps:

1. Look for reliable data sources that provide information on poverty rates in India for the year 2000.

2. Analyze the available data and calculate the percentage of Indian people who were poor in the year 2000.

3. Based on the calculated percentage, select the closest option from the given choices.

Final Answer:

Without specific data, it is not possible to determine the exact percentage of Indian people who were poor in the year 2000. Therefore, the answer cannot be determined based on the given information.

Who do not come under the category of urban poor?
The category of urban poor generally includes individuals or households who have low incomes and live in urban areas. However, there are certain groups of people who may not fall under this category. These include:
A: The casual workers
- Casual workers are individuals who work on a temporary or irregular basis, often in low-paying jobs. They may have unstable employment and fluctuating incomes, which can place them at risk of poverty.
- Casual workers may not have access to social security benefits or job security, making them vulnerable to poverty.
B: The unemployed
- Unemployed individuals are those who are actively seeking employment but are unable to find work.
- Unemployment often leads to financial instability and can place individuals at risk of poverty.
C: The shopkeepers
- Shopkeepers are individuals who own and operate their own retail businesses.
- While some shopkeepers may face financial challenges and struggle to make ends meet, they generally do not fall under the category of urban poor as they have a source of income and are self-employed.
D: Rickshaw pullers
- Rickshaw pullers are individuals who operate rickshaws, a form of manual transportation commonly found in urban areas.
- Many rickshaw pullers have low incomes and work long hours, but they may not necessarily be classified as urban poor if they have a stable source of income.
In conclusion, among the given options, the group that does not come under the category of urban poor is C: The shopkeepers.

Programmes launched in the year 2000:
The programme launched in the year 2000 is:
- Pradhan Mantri Gramodaya Yojana
Explanation:
- The Pradhan Mantri Gramodaya Yojana (PMGY) was launched in the year 2000 by the Government of India.
- It aimed to provide basic amenities and infrastructure to rural areas in order to improve the quality of life of the people living in those areas.
- The scheme focused on six key areas of development: primary health, primary education, rural housing, rural drinking water supply, rural electrification, and rural connectivity.
- Under PMGY, funds were allocated to states and Union Territories to implement various projects and initiatives to achieve these objectives.
- The programme aimed to bridge the rural-urban divide and create sustainable development in rural areas.
- PMGY played a crucial role in improving the living conditions and overall development of rural communities in India.

Advocate for India's True Independence
- Mahatma Gandhi advocated that India would be truly independent only when the poorest of its people become free of human suffering.
- Gandhi believed that political independence alone was not enough and that India's true freedom lies in the eradication of poverty and the upliftment of the marginalized sections of society.
- He emphasized the importance of addressing social and economic inequalities in order to achieve true independence.
- Gandhi's philosophy of non-violence and his focus on self-reliance, rural development, and empowerment of the poor were central to his vision of a truly independent India.
- He believed in the concept of "Sarvodaya" or the welfare of all, where every individual, regardless of their social or economic status, should have equal opportunities and access to basic necessities.
- Gandhi's advocacy for the freedom from human suffering extended to his various movements and campaigns, such as the Salt Satyagraha, the Champaran and Kheda movements, and his efforts towards communal harmony and religious tolerance.
- His vision of a free and independent India was rooted in the idea of social justice, equality, and the well-being of every individual, especially the poorest and most marginalized.

When was the National Rural Employment Guarantee Act passed?
The National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (NREGA) was passed on September 2005.
Here is a breakdown of the key points regarding the passage of NREGA:
Background:
- The National Rural Employment Guarantee Act is a social security measure that guarantees the right to work for rural households in India.
- It aims to enhance livelihood security in rural areas by providing at least 100 days of wage employment in a financial year to every household whose adult members volunteer to do unskilled manual work.
Passage of NREGA:
- The NREGA was passed on September 2005 by the Parliament of India.
- It was officially notified on August 23, 2005.
- The Act was implemented in a phased manner, with different states and districts being covered over time.
- It has been renamed as the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) in 2009.
Key Features of NREGA:
- The Act guarantees the right to work and ensures timely payment of wages to the workers.
- It provides employment opportunities within 5 kilometers of the worker's residence.
- The Act prioritizes the participation of women in the workforce and ensures at least one-third of the beneficiaries are women.
- It promotes sustainable development through the creation of durable assets like water conservation structures, rural connectivity, and afforestation.
Overall, the National Rural Employment Guarantee Act was passed in September 2005 as a significant step towards providing employment opportunities and improving livelihood security in rural areas of India.

State with the largest percentage of poor in India:
The state with the largest percentage of poor in India is Bihar. Here is a detailed explanation:
- Poverty in India: India is a country with a significant population living below the poverty line. Poverty is a complex issue influenced by various factors such as unemployment, lack of education, inequality, and inadequate access to basic amenities.
- Percentage of poor: The percentage of poor in each state is determined by the poverty ratio, which is the proportion of the population living below the poverty line. The poverty line is based on the minimum income required to meet basic needs.
- Bihar: Bihar is a state located in the eastern part of India. It has a high percentage of poor people compared to other states. The state faces various challenges such as low literacy rates, high population density, inadequate infrastructure, and limited economic opportunities.
- Factors contributing to poverty in Bihar: The poverty in Bihar can be attributed to several factors, including:
- Low education levels: Bihar has one of the lowest literacy rates in India, which limits the opportunities for employment and income generation.

- Unemployment: The state has a high unemployment rate, leading to limited job opportunities and income sources.

- Agricultural dependency: Bihar relies heavily on agriculture, but the sector faces challenges such as low productivity, inadequate irrigation facilities, and lack of modern farming techniques, leading to low income for farmers.

- Infrastructure: The state lacks proper infrastructure, including roads, electricity, and healthcare facilities, which hinders economic development and job creation.

- Social inequality: Bihar also faces social inequality, with certain communities and marginalized groups having limited access to resources and opportunities.

- Government initiatives: The government of Bihar has implemented various poverty alleviation programs and initiatives to address the issue. These include schemes for rural development, education, healthcare, and skill development.
In conclusion, Bihar has the highest percentage of poor people in India. The state faces multiple challenges such as low education levels, unemployment, agricultural dependency, inadequate infrastructure, and social inequality. The government is working towards poverty alleviation through various initiatives and programs.

Method to estimate the poverty line:
The method to estimate the poverty line is the Income method.
Explanation:
The income method is widely used to estimate the poverty line. It is based on the income levels of individuals or households. Here's how the income method works:
1. Defining the poverty line: The first step is to determine the poverty line, which is the minimum income required to meet basic needs and sustain a decent standard of living.
2. Data collection: Data is collected through surveys and census to determine the income distribution among the population. This data includes information on individual or household income.
3. Calculating poverty: The poverty line is compared to the income of individuals or households. If the income falls below the poverty line, the individual or household is considered to be living in poverty.
4. Adjusting for different factors: The income method takes into account various factors such as family size, location, and cost of living. These factors are used to adjust the poverty line and determine the poverty status of individuals or households.
5. Updating the poverty line: The poverty line is periodically updated to account for changes in the cost of living and inflation.
Overall, the income method provides a quantitative measure of poverty by comparing income levels to a predetermined poverty line. It helps policymakers and researchers understand the extent of poverty in a population and develop strategies to alleviate it.

Who is considered as poor?

Poverty is a complex issue that cannot be defined by a single factor. However, in the context of the given question, the term "poor" can be understood in the economic sense. In this case, a person who lacks sufficient financial resources to meet their basic needs and improve their standard of living is considered poor.

Factors determining poverty:

Several factors contribute to determining whether a person is considered poor:

• Income: An individual or household with low or insufficient income to cover their expenses is often categorized as poor. This could include individuals who earn below a certain poverty line or have limited access to employment opportunities.


• Wealth: The lack of assets or wealth, such as property or savings, can also contribute to poverty. Without assets, individuals may struggle to generate income or cope with unexpected expenses.


• Education: Limited access to quality education and skills development can hinder individuals from securing better job opportunities and higher incomes, perpetuating their poverty.


• Healthcare: Inadequate access to healthcare services and high medical expenses can push individuals further into poverty, especially in cases of chronic illnesses or emergencies.


• Living conditions: Poor housing conditions, lack of access to clean water and sanitation, and inadequate infrastructure can contribute to the poverty of individuals and communities.


• Social exclusion: Marginalized groups, such as ethnic minorities, refugees, or people with disabilities, often face additional barriers to resources and opportunities, increasing their vulnerability to poverty.

Conclusion:

In summary, a landless laborer is considered poor in the context of the given question. However, it is important to note that poverty is a multidimensional issue influenced by various factors, and a comprehensive understanding of poverty requires considering these factors holistically.

Accepted Average Calories Required in Urban Areas in India
The average calories required in urban areas in India is an important factor to consider for maintaining a healthy lifestyle. It is essential to have an adequate intake of calories to meet the energy requirements of the body. The accepted average calories required in India in urban areas is as follows:
A: 2100
B: 2400
C: 2800
D: 2500
The correct answer is option A: 2100 calories.
Explanation:
- The average calorie requirement varies depending on various factors such as age, gender, physical activity level, and overall health.
- The accepted average calorie requirement for urban areas in India is considered to be around 2100 calories.
- This average takes into account the sedentary lifestyle and moderate physical activity level of individuals in urban areas.
- It is important to note that this is just an average value and individual calorie requirements may vary.
- It is recommended to consult a healthcare professional or a nutritionist to determine the specific calorie requirements based on individual needs and goals.
In conclusion, the accepted average calories required in urban areas in India is around 2100 calories. However, it is important to consider individual factors and consult a healthcare professional for accurate calorie requirements.

Poverty Ratio in India compared to Pakistan:
1. Definition of Poverty Ratio:
- The poverty ratio refers to the percentage of the population living below the poverty line.
- It is a measure of the level of poverty within a country.
2. Poverty Ratio in India:
- In India, the poverty ratio is the percentage of the population living below the national poverty line.
- According to the latest data available, the poverty ratio in India is around 21.9%.
- This means that approximately 21.9% of the Indian population is living below the poverty line.
3. Poverty Ratio in Pakistan:
- In Pakistan, the poverty ratio is the percentage of the population living below the poverty line.
- According to the latest data available, the poverty ratio in Pakistan is around 24.3%.
- This means that approximately 24.3% of the Pakistani population is living below the poverty line.
4. Comparison:
- To compare the poverty ratio in India and Pakistan, we can calculate the ratio between the two percentages.
- The poverty ratio in India is approximately 21.9% and in Pakistan is approximately 24.3%.
- Therefore, the poverty ratio in India is approximately (21.9 / 24.3) times the poverty ratio in Pakistan.
5. Conclusion:
- The poverty ratio in India is approximately two times the poverty ratio in Pakistan.
- Therefore, the answer is option C: two times.