Geography Mock Test- 2 - Class 9 MCQ

The soil is one of the important components of the sustainability of an ecosystem because it is the vitally important natural medium for the growth of vegetation. It can be defined as, the upper layer of earth in which plants grow, a black or dark brown material typically consisting of a mixture of organic remains, clay, and rock particles.  Here, we are giving brief note on the major factors which are responsible for the formation of the Soil.

- Loo is a hot, dry wind that occurs in northern India, particularly in the summer months.
- It is most commonly associated with the states of Uttar Pradesh and Gujarat.
- Gujarat, being a desert region, experiences intense heat and strong winds, making it particularly prone to loo conditions.
- Tamil Nadu, on the other hand, has a different climate influenced by the monsoon, and does not typically suffer from loo.
- Therefore, the correct answer is Both (A) and (C) .

Explanation:

• Standard Meridian of India: 82°30′E passes through Mirzapur in Uttar Pradesh.


• Mirzapur, Uttar Pradesh: This city lies on the Standard Meridian of India, which is an imaginary line.


• Other Places: Walong in Arunachal Pradesh, Kachchh in Gujarat, and Kanniyakumari in Tamil Nadu do not lie on the Standard Meridian of India.

National Population Policy of India was formulated in the year 2000 with the long term objective of achieving a stable population by 2045, at a level consistent with the requirements of sustainable economic growth, social development, and environmental protection.

Reasons for a large proportion of children in a population:
There are several factors that can contribute to a large proportion of children in a population. Among these factors, the most significant one is a high birth rate.
1. High birth rate:
- A high birth rate means that more babies are being born compared to the number of people dying or leaving the population.
- This can be influenced by various factors such as cultural norms, religious beliefs, and social attitudes towards family planning.
- In regions or countries where there is limited access to contraception or where there is a lack of awareness about family planning methods, the birth rate tends to be higher.
2. High life expectancies:
- Although it may seem counterintuitive, high life expectancies can also contribute to a large proportion of children in a population.
- When people have longer life expectancies, they tend to have children at a later age, resulting in a smaller proportion of older adults and a larger proportion of children in the population.
3. More married couples:
- In societies where there is a higher prevalence of marriage and early marriage, the likelihood of having children at a younger age is higher.
- This can lead to a larger proportion of children in the population.
4. High death rate:
- A high death rate, particularly among the adult population, can lead to a smaller proportion of older adults and a larger proportion of children in the population.
- This can occur in regions or countries with high mortality rates due to factors such as infectious diseases, lack of access to healthcare, or conflict.
In conclusion, while there can be various factors contributing to a large proportion of children in a population, the most significant one is a high birth rate. Other factors such as high life expectancies, more married couples, and high death rates can also play a role but to a lesser extent.

Population of Indian states according to the 2001 Census:
According to the 2001 Census, the most populous state in India was Uttar Pradesh. Here is a breakdown of the population of the mentioned states:
A. Bihar:
- Bihar had a population of approximately 82,878,796 according to the 2001 Census.
B. Uttar Pradesh:
- Uttar Pradesh had the highest population among all Indian states in 2001.
- The population of Uttar Pradesh was approximately 166,197,921 according to the 2001 Census.
C. West Bengal:
- West Bengal had a population of approximately 80,176,197 according to the 2001 Census.
D. Madhya Pradesh:
- Madhya Pradesh had a population of approximately 60,348,023 according to the 2001 Census.
Therefore, the correct answer is Uttar Pradesh with a population of approximately 166,197,921 according to the 2001 Census.

Incorrect Statement: B. It results in flooding.
Explanation:
Lakes are indeed of great value to human beings. They provide numerous benefits and services to both the environment and society. However, statement B, which claims that lakes result in flooding, is incorrect.
Here is a detailed explanation of the correct statements about lakes:
A. Helps to regulate the flow of rivers:
- Lakes act as natural reservoirs, storing water during periods of high rainfall and releasing it during dry periods.
- This helps to regulate the flow of rivers, ensuring a more consistent water supply downstream.
C. Can be used for developing hydel power:
- Lakes with sufficient water volume and elevation difference can be utilized for hydropower generation.
- Water from the lake is directed through turbines, which in turn generate electricity.
D. Enhances natural beauty:
- Lakes are visually appealing and often serve as recreational areas for boating, fishing, swimming, and other outdoor activities.
- The presence of lakes can enhance the natural beauty of an area and attract tourists.
Therefore, the incorrect statement is B. It is important to note that lakes do not inherently cause flooding. Flooding can occur due to various factors such as excessive rainfall, inadequate drainage systems, or human activities that disrupt the natural flow of water. Lakes themselves play a crucial role in regulating water flow and can help mitigate flooding by storing excess water during heavy rainfall events.

Indian states that share borders with Bangladesh are: Assam, West Bengal, Mizoram, Meghalaya and Tripura.

Tajikistan is a country in Asia that is surrounded by land. It was earlier part of the Soviet Union and after the disintegration of that country in 1991, became an independent country. The city of Tajikistan is Dushanbe city and the language here is called Tajik, which is considered a form of Persian language.

This language is written in syllables, in which Russian and some other languages are also written. Apart from this Pakistan, China, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh, and Myanmar are the countries which share the “land border” with India.

The state of atmosphere over an area at any point of time is known as weather. It is the state of the atmosphere over short periods of time. Climate is the weather averaged over a long period. Precipitation, humidity, temperature, pressure, cloudiness, and wind are the basic atmospheric conditions that make up the weather of a region.

The correct option is B.
“Drass is the world's second coldest inhabited place after Siberia's Oymyakon. Minus 30 to 35°C is common here during the winter.” He adds that the coldest points in Siberia have changed over the years, but Drass still holds the second rank in the world.

The highest summer temperature in India is experienced in Jaisalmer.
Here is a detailed explanation:
1. Pahalgam:
- Pahalgam is a hill station located in Jammu and Kashmir.
- It is situated at an altitude of around 7,200 feet.
- Due to its higher elevation, Pahalgam experiences cooler temperatures during summer compared to other places in India.
- Therefore, Pahalgam does not experience the highest summer temperature in India.
2. Leh:
- Leh is a high-altitude desert city in the Ladakh region of Jammu and Kashmir.
- It is located at an altitude of around 11,500 feet.
- Leh experiences cold temperatures throughout the year due to its high elevation.
- It does not experience the highest summer temperature in India.
3. Thiruvananthapuram:
- Thiruvananthapuram is the capital city of Kerala, located in the southern part of India.
- It has a tropical climate and experiences hot and humid summers.
- While Thiruvananthapuram can have high temperatures during summer, it is not the place with the highest summer temperature in India.
4. Jaisalmer:
- Jaisalmer is a city located in the state of Rajasthan in western India.
- It is situated in the Thar Desert, which is known for its extreme temperatures.
- During summer, Jaisalmer experiences scorching heat, with temperatures often reaching the highest in the country.
- The desert climate and geographical location of Jaisalmer contribute to its extremely high summer temperatures.
Therefore, out of the given options, Jaisalmer experiences the highest summer temperature in India.

Lakshadweep, in the Arabian Sea, is a part of the Indian subcontinent and is recognised as the smallest union territory of India. Lakshadweep means "hundred thousand islands" in Malayalam and Sanskrit. True to its name, these islands are very picturesque and provide a true vacation for those who love beaches, water sports and sea food.The whole of Lakshadweep is nothing but a set of small islands situated near each other. It comprises a total of twelve coral atolls, five banks, three coral reefs, and several islets. The location is near the Kerala coast and falls under the jurisdiction of Kerala state and Kerala High Court. Kavaratti is its capital and it is considered one of the most beautiful places in the Indian subcontinent.

The Kumaon Himalayas lie in Uttarakhand and extend from the Satluj to the Kali river. The Lesser Himalayas in Kumaon Himalaya is represented by the Mussoorie and Nag Tiba ranges.

Nagarjuna Sagar Dam is one of the world's largest and tallest Masonry dams built across the Krishna river at Nagarjuna Sagar which straddles the border between Nalgonda District, Telangana State, India and Guntur district, Andhra Pradesh State, India. Constructed between 1955 and 1967, the dam created a water reservoir with gross storage capacity of 11.472 billion cubic metres (405.1×109 cu ft). The dam is 590 feet (180 m) tall from its deepest foundation and 0.99 miles (1.6 km) long with 26 flood gates which are 42 feet (13 m) wide and 45 feet (14 m) tall.

Nagarjuna Sagar was the earliest in a series of large infrastructure projects termed as "modern temples" initiated for achieving the Green Revolution in India. It is also one of the earliest multi-purpose irrigation and hydro-electric projects in India. The dam provides irrigation water to the Nalgonda, Suryapet, Krishna, Khammam, West Godavari, Guntur and Prakasam districts along with hydro electricity generation. Nagarjuna Sagar dam is designed and constructed to use all the water impounded in its reservoir of 312 TMC gross storage capacity which is the second biggest water reservoir in India.

Medicinal Plant with High Antibiotic and Antibacterial Properties: Neem

• Antibiotic Properties: Neem is known for its strong antibiotic properties, which can help in fighting off various bacterial infections.



• Antibacterial Properties: Neem also possesses potent antibacterial properties, making it effective in killing harmful bacteria.



• Active Compounds: Neem contains active compounds like nimbin, nimbidin, and nimbidol, which contribute to its antibiotic and antibacterial effects.



• Traditional Use: Neem has been used in traditional medicine for centuries to treat skin infections, wounds, and other bacterial ailments.



• Modern Research: Several studies have confirmed the antibiotic and antibacterial properties of neem, making it a valuable medicinal plant in combating infections.

Factors determining the climate of a place:

• Altitude: Altitude plays a major role in determining the climate of a place. Higher altitudes generally have cooler temperatures due to the decrease in air pressure and thinner atmosphere.



• Relief: Relief, or the physical features of the land such as mountains, valleys, and bodies of water, also influences climate. Mountains can block prevailing winds and affect precipitation patterns, leading to different climate conditions on either side of the mountain.



• Latitude: The distance of a place from the equator, or its latitude, is another important factor in determining climate. Places closer to the equator receive more direct sunlight and tend to have warmer temperatures, while those closer to the poles experience colder climates.

Therefore, all of these factors, including altitude, relief, and latitude, play a significant role in determining the climate of a place.

The correct option is D.
The Chota Nagpur plateau in its entirety lies between the basins of the Ganges (Ganga) and Son rivers to the north and the Mahanadi River to the south. Through its centre, from west to east, runs the coal-bearing, faulted Damodar River valley..

Shivasamudram falls is located in Mandya district. It is located at a distance of 27 km from Somanathapura and 80 km from Mysore.

Shivanasamudra Falls is the second biggest waterfall in India and the sixteenth largest in the world. Shivanasamudra Falls was formerly known as the Kaveri Falls. River Kaveri divides into two branches and each branch cascades down rocky cliffs as the Gaganachukki and the Bharachukki, both are one km away from each other. These spectacular waterfalls are surrounded by hill forests of the Kaveri Wildlife Sanctuary.

The 8° 4' latitude passes through the Southern most point of the Indian mainland which is Kanyakumari.

As far as the Indian mainland is concerned, the Eastern most longitude of our country is 97degree 25' East and the Western most longitude of our country is 68degree 7' East.

The Eastern most longitude lies in the state of Arunachal Pradesh and the Western most longitude lies in the state of Gujarat.

A biome is a community of plants and animals that have common characteristics for the environment they exist in. They can be found over a range of continents. Biomes are distinct biological communities that have formed in response to a shared physical climate

Factors contributing to lesser rainfall in Pune compared to Mumbai:
There are several factors that contribute to Pune receiving much lesser rainfall compared to Mumbai. These factors include:
1. Location on the leeward side of Western Ghats:
- Pune is located on the leeward side of the Western Ghats, which means it is situated in the rain shadow region.
- The Western Ghats act as a barrier to the southwest monsoon winds, causing them to lose moisture before reaching Pune.
- As a result, Pune receives less rainfall compared to Mumbai, which is located on the windward side of the Western Ghats and receives direct rainfall.
2. Continentality:
- Pune is located inland, away from the moderating influence of the sea.
- Continental climate conditions prevail in Pune, which means it experiences extreme temperatures and less moisture in the air.
- This lack of moisture in the air contributes to lesser rainfall in Pune.
3. Distance from the sea:
- Pune is located further inland compared to Mumbai, which is a coastal city.
- The proximity to the sea in Mumbai allows it to receive more moisture-laden winds from the Arabian Sea, resulting in higher rainfall.
- Pune, being farther from the sea, does not receive the same amount of moisture-laden winds, leading to lesser rainfall.
In conclusion, Pune receives much lesser rainfall compared to Mumbai due to its location on the leeward side of the Western Ghats, continentality, and its distance from the sea.

Explanation:
The correct answer is B: Tropic of Cancer.
- The Tropic of Cancer is a latitude line that runs approximately 23.5 degrees north of the equator.
- This line passes through the middle of our country, giving it the characteristics of both tropical and subtropical climates.
- The tropical climate is characterized by high temperatures and abundant rainfall throughout the year.
- The subtropical climate is characterized by mild winters and hot summers, with moderate rainfall.
- The Tropic of Cancer is responsible for the hot and humid summers experienced in our country, while the subtropical climate is responsible for the mild winters.
- The Tropic of Cancer also marks the northern boundary of the tropics, which are the regions on Earth where the sun can be directly overhead at least once during the year.
- Other latitudes mentioned in the options are not relevant to our country's climate characteristics.
- The Equator is a latitude line that runs through the middle of the Earth and has a tropical climate, but it does not pass through our country.
- The Tropic of Capricorn is a latitude line that runs approximately 23.5 degrees south of the equator and does not pass through our country.
- 82°30'N is a latitude line that is very close to the North Pole and is not relevant to our country's climate characteristics.
Therefore, the correct answer is B: Tropic of Cancer.

The animal that lives in the swampy and marshy lands of Assam and West Bengal is the One-horned Rhino.
Here is a detailed explanation:
Explanation:
- The One-horned Rhino, also known as the Indian Rhinoceros, is a large herbivorous mammal.
- It is found in the swampy and marshy grasslands of Assam and West Bengal in India.
- The grasslands and wetlands of Assam and West Bengal provide an ideal habitat for the One-horned Rhino, as they offer abundant food and water sources.
- These regions have a mix of tall grasses, reeds, and water bodies like rivers and lakes, which are essential for the survival of the One-horned Rhino.
- The One-horned Rhino is well-adapted to its marshy environment. Its large size and tough skin protect it from potential threats, while its single horn is used for defense and digging up food.
- The swampy and marshy lands of Assam and West Bengal are home to several national parks and wildlife sanctuaries, such as Kaziranga National Park and Manas National Park, where conservation efforts are in place to protect the One-horned Rhino and its habitat.
- The One-horned Rhino is an endangered species, and these protected areas play a crucial role in its conservation.
In conclusion, the One-horned Rhino is the animal that lives in the swampy and marshy lands of Assam and West Bengal.

Answer:
Introduction:
In this question, we are asked to identify the tree that is not important in a tropical rainforest. Let's analyze each option to determine the correct answer.
Analysis:
The options given are:
A: Ebony
B: Rosewood
C: Mahogany
D: Sandalwood
Explanation:
- Ebony, rosewood, mahogany, and sandalwood are all valuable tree species found in tropical rainforests. They are known for their commercial value and are highly sought after for their wood.
- Ebony is a dense and durable wood used for making furniture, musical instruments, and decorative items.
- Rosewood is known for its unique grain patterns and is often used in the production of high-quality furniture and musical instruments.
- Mahogany is highly prized for its reddish-brown color and is commonly used in the manufacturing of furniture, cabinetry, and flooring.
- Sandalwood is a fragrant wood that is used in the production of incense, perfumes, and cosmetics.
Conclusion:
Based on the information provided, all of the given tree species (Ebony, Rosewood, Mahogany, and Sandalwood) are important in tropical rainforests. Therefore, the correct answer is D: Sandalwood.

Luni is the river in Rajasthan. It originates in Pushkar valley of Aravali range near Ajmer, passes through the southeastern portion of the Thar Desert and ends in the marshy lands of Rann of Kutch in Gujarat after travelling a distance of 495 km.

Tropical Deciduous Forests are the most predominant type of vegetation in India. Also called the monsoon forests, they are found in the regions receiving rainfall between 200 cm and 70 cm.

Answer:
The Biosphere Reserve of India is Nilgiri. Here is a detailed explanation of why Nilgiri is the correct answer:
What is a Biosphere Reserve?
A biosphere reserve is an area that encompasses diverse ecosystems and promotes conservation and sustainable development. It is designated by the UNESCO's Man and the Biosphere (MAB) program.
The Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve:
1. The Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve is located in the Western Ghats of India, spanning the states of Tamil Nadu, Kerala, and Karnataka.
2. It was established in 1986 and was the first biosphere reserve in India to be included in the UNESCO World Network of Biosphere Reserves.
3. The reserve covers an area of about 5,520 square kilometers.
4. It is home to several important wildlife species, including the Nilgiri tahr, Bengal tiger, Indian elephant, and many endemic bird species.
5. The region is known for its rich biodiversity, with a large number of plant and animal species found nowhere else in the world.
6. The Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve also includes several national parks and wildlife sanctuaries, such as Mudumalai National Park, Silent Valley National Park, and Wayanad Wildlife Sanctuary.
Why the other options are incorrect:
- Gir: Gir National Park in Gujarat is known for its population of Asiatic lions, but it is not a biosphere reserve.
- Kanheri: Kanheri Caves in Maharashtra is a historical site and Buddhist monastery, but it is not a biosphere reserve.
- None of these: This option is incorrect because the correct answer is Nilgiri.
Therefore, the correct answer to the question is Nilgiri.

Kutch Desert Wildlife Sanctuary is the nest of migrating flamingos. It is positioned in the Great Rann of Kutch, Gujarat in India, it was acknowledged as a sanctuary of the largest Wildlife Sanctuary in India on February 1986 that houses the largest seasonal saline wetlands.