Economics Mock Test- 1 - Class 9 MCQ

Bigha and guintha are used as measuring units of land area in villages.

The farmers of Punjab, Haryana and Western Uttar Pradesh were the first to try out the modern farming methods in India.

The method used by them:

(i)They set up tubewells for irrigation.

(ii)They made use of HYV seeds, chemical fertilizers and pesticides in farming.

(iii)They made ploughing and harvesting easier by using tractors and threshers.

The correct option is A.
The sixth position in the list of the poorest states in India is grabbed by Odisha.
32.59% people are living below the poverty line.
Bihar is the fifth poorest state in India. 
The poverty level in this state is around 33.74%.

Land Reform Measures in West Bengal

Background:

- Land reform measures refer to policies and actions taken by governments to redistribute land ownership and provide land to landless farmers.
- These measures aim to alleviate poverty, reduce inequality, and promote agricultural development.

West Bengal:

- West Bengal is a state located in eastern India.
- It has been recognized for its successful implementation of land reform measures.

Impact on Poverty Reduction:

- The land reform measures implemented in West Bengal have played a crucial role in reducing poverty in the state.
- By redistributing land to landless farmers and implementing tenancy reforms, these measures have provided opportunities for marginalized communities to engage in agriculture and generate income.
- The land reforms have helped to break the cycle of poverty by empowering small and marginal farmers, enhancing their access to resources and credit, and improving their overall well-being.
- The increased agricultural productivity resulting from these reforms has also contributed to poverty reduction by creating employment opportunities and increasing rural incomes.

Other Benefits:

- In addition to poverty reduction, the land reform measures in West Bengal have also brought about other positive changes, such as:
- Reduction in income inequality
- Increased social and economic empowerment of women
- Improved access to education and healthcare
- Enhanced food security

Conclusion:

- The land reform measures implemented in West Bengal have been successful in reducing poverty, promoting agricultural development, and improving the overall well-being of the rural population.
- These measures serve as an example of how effective land reforms can contribute to poverty reduction and inclusive development in a state or country.

Human Resource Development in Kerala:
- Kerala has been consistently recognized as a state that prioritizes human resource development.
- The state has made significant investments in education, healthcare, and skill development programs to nurture its human capital.
- Education is given high importance, with a high literacy rate and a strong network of schools and colleges.
- The government has implemented programs to improve the quality of education and provide equal opportunities for all students.
- Kerala has also focused on skill development and vocational training, enabling its workforce to be more employable in various sectors.
- The state has a robust healthcare system, with a focus on providing accessible and quality healthcare services to its citizens.
- Kerala has implemented various social welfare schemes, ensuring the well-being and development of its population.
- The government has also encouraged entrepreneurship and innovation, promoting a culture of self-employment and job creation.
- Kerala's emphasis on human resource development has resulted in a skilled and educated workforce, contributing to the state's overall development.
Human Resource Development in Other States:
- Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, and Maharashtra have also made efforts in human resource development but to a lesser extent compared to Kerala.
- These states have implemented various initiatives such as skill development programs and education reforms, but they do not have the same level of focus and investment as Kerala.
- While these states have made progress in certain areas of human resource development, they may lag behind Kerala in terms of overall development and outcomes.
Conclusion:
- Kerala stands out as a state that has prioritized human resource development through its investments in education, healthcare, and skill development.
- The state's focus on nurturing its human capital has resulted in a skilled and educated workforce, contributing to its overall development and prosperity.

In which state is the public distribution system responsible for the reduction in poverty?
The answer is C. Both (a) and (b), which means that the public distribution system is responsible for the reduction in poverty in both Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu. Let's discuss this in detail:
1. Public Distribution System (PDS):
The Public Distribution System is a government-led initiative aimed at providing essential commodities to the economically disadvantaged population at affordable prices. It plays a significant role in poverty alleviation by ensuring food security and reducing hunger.
2. Andhra Pradesh:
- Andhra Pradesh has implemented various reforms in its PDS system to enhance its effectiveness.
- The state government has introduced biometric authentication through the use of electronic point of sale (ePoS) devices to ensure the proper targeting of beneficiaries and prevent leakages.
- These measures have resulted in improved efficiency and transparency in the distribution of essential commodities, leading to a reduction in poverty.
3. Tamil Nadu:
- Tamil Nadu has been recognized for its successful implementation of the PDS system.
- The state government provides a variety of essential commodities, including rice, wheat, sugar, and kerosene, at subsidized rates to its citizens.
- Tamil Nadu has also implemented various measures to eliminate corruption and ensure the efficient delivery of commodities to the intended beneficiaries.
- These efforts have contributed to the reduction in poverty in the state.
4. Both (a) and (b):
- Both Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu have implemented effective PDS systems that have led to a reduction in poverty.
- The initiatives taken by these states, such as technological interventions, transparency, and efficient targeting, have improved the distribution of essential commodities to the economically disadvantaged segments of society.
In conclusion, both Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu have successfully implemented public distribution systems that have played a crucial role in reducing poverty. These states have adopted various measures to enhance the efficiency, transparency, and targeting of beneficiaries, resulting in improved food security and reduced hunger among the economically disadvantaged population.

AAY was launched in December 2000. Under the scheme 1 crore of the poorest among the BPL families covered under the targeted public distribution system are identified. Twenty five kilograms (kg) of food grains were made available to each eligible family at a highly subsidized rate of Rs. 2 per kg for wheat and Rs.3 per kg for rice. This quantity has been enhanced from 25 to 35 kgs with effect from April, 2002.

The correct answer is option C: All (i), (ii), and (iv).
Explanation:
Inequality of income within a family refers to the unequal distribution of financial resources among the members of a household. The question asks about the group of individuals who are the poorest of the poor within the family. Let's examine each option:
(i) Women: Women often face gender inequality and discrimination in many societies, including unequal access to education, employment opportunities, and resources. This can lead to lower income levels compared to other family members.
(ii) Girls: Similar to women, girls may face discrimination and limited opportunities, which can result in lower income levels within the family.
(iii) Children: Children are dependent on their parents or guardians for financial support. If a family is experiencing income inequality, it is likely that children will be affected by this disparity and may be among the poorest members of the family.
(iv) Old people: Elderly individuals, especially those who are retired or no longer able to work, may face financial challenges. They may rely on pension or social security benefits, which might be insufficient to meet their needs, resulting in lower income compared to other family members.
Considering the above points, we can conclude that the poorest of the poor in a family can include women, girls, children, and old people. Therefore, option C (All (i), (ii), and (iv)) is the correct answer.

Infant mortality rate (IMR) is the number of deaths per 1,000 live births of children under one year of age. The rate for a given region is the number of children dying under one year of age, divided by the number of live births during the year, multiplied by 1,000.

D is the correct option.Non market activites are those activities that have no financial transactions. It includes production for self consumption and hence, there is no profit associated with these activities.
(i)  Vilas sells fish in the village market - Market activity
(ii) Vilas cooks food for his family- Non- Market activity
(iii) Sakal works in a private firm- Market activity
(iv) Sakal looks after his younger brother and sister- Non-Market activity
 

When we produce a good by exploiting natural resources, it is an activity of the primary sector. Since most of the natural products we get are from agriculture, dairy, fishing, forestry, this sector is also called agriculture and related sector.

Out of these, forestry, poultry farming and animal husbandry come under the primary sector.

Manufacturing comes under the secondary sector.

Main causes of poverty in India:
1. High income inequalities:
- Income disparities between different social and economic groups contribute to poverty.
- Unequal distribution of wealth and resources leads to a significant portion of the population living in poverty.
- Limited access to education, healthcare, and basic amenities further exacerbate the problem.
2. Less job opportunities:
- Insufficient employment opportunities and underemployment are major contributors to poverty in India.
- The lack of suitable job opportunities forces many individuals to work in low-paying and informal sectors.
- Rapid urbanization and automation also lead to job displacement and reduced employment prospects.
3. High growth in population:
- India has a rapidly growing population, which puts pressure on resources and infrastructure.
- Limited availability of food, housing, and other essential resources due to population growth can lead to poverty.
- The increasing population also strains the government's ability to provide adequate social welfare programs and services.
4. Other factors:
- Inadequate access to quality education and healthcare.
- Gender and social inequalities, including discrimination against women and marginalized communities.
- Insufficient investment in agriculture and rural development.
- Lack of effective implementation of poverty alleviation programs and policies.
Conclusion:
Poverty in India is a complex issue with multiple causes. High income inequalities, less job opportunities, and high population growth are some of the key factors contributing to poverty. Addressing these issues requires a comprehensive approach that includes equitable distribution of resources, promoting inclusive growth, investing in education and healthcare, and implementing effective poverty alleviation measures.

High Poverty Rates: Causes
There are multiple factors that contribute to high poverty rates. The following is a detailed explanation of each cause:
Huge income inequalities:
- Income inequalities refer to the unequal distribution of wealth and resources among individuals or groups.
- When there is a significant gap between the rich and the poor, it leads to high poverty rates.
- The wealthy have access to better opportunities and resources, while the poor struggle to meet their basic needs.
- This disparity in income distribution contributes to a cycle of poverty.
Unequal distribution of land:
- Unequal distribution of land refers to the concentration of land ownership in the hands of a few individuals or groups.
- When a small portion of the population owns a significant portion of land, it limits access to land for the majority.
- Land is an essential resource for agriculture, housing, and livelihoods, and its unequal distribution can lead to poverty.
Lack of effective implementation of land reforms:
- Land reforms aim to address the issues of unequal land distribution and provide equitable access to land.
- However, the lack of effective implementation of land reform policies hinders their impact.
- Without proper implementation, the benefits of land reforms do not reach the marginalized and impoverished communities.
- This lack of implementation perpetuates the cycle of poverty and prevents sustainable development.
All the above:
- All the mentioned factors - huge income inequalities, unequal distribution of land, and lack of effective implementation of land reforms - contribute to high poverty rates.
- These factors are interconnected and reinforce each other, exacerbating the poverty situation.
- To effectively combat poverty, it is crucial to address all these causes collectively.
In conclusion, high poverty rates are primarily caused by huge income inequalities, unequal distribution of land, and the lack of effective implementation of land reforms. Addressing these factors requires comprehensive strategies and policies that aim to reduce income disparities, ensure equitable land distribution, and improve the implementation of land reform measures.

Green Revolution and its impact on crop production:
The Green Revolution, which occurred during the mid-20th century, was a period of significant technological advancements in agriculture. It aimed to increase agricultural productivity and reduce hunger and poverty in developing countries. The introduction of high-yielding crop varieties, improved irrigation techniques, and the use of fertilizers and pesticides were some of the key components of the Green Revolution.
Impact on crop production:
During the Green Revolution, several crops experienced increased production. However, the largest increase in production was observed in wheat. Here are the reasons why wheat registered the largest increase:
1. Introduction of high-yielding varieties: High-yielding wheat varieties, such as the semi-dwarf varieties developed by Norman Borlaug, played a crucial role in increasing wheat production. These varieties had shorter stems, allowing them to allocate more energy to grain production rather than stem growth.
2. Adoption of modern agricultural practices: Farmers embraced modern agricultural practices, including the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, which significantly enhanced wheat yields. The application of fertilizers provided essential nutrients to the crops, while pesticides protected them from pests and diseases.
3. Availability of irrigation facilities: The Green Revolution also focused on improving irrigation techniques, ensuring that wheat crops had access to sufficient water throughout their growing period. The availability of irrigation facilities contributed to higher yields and increased production.
4. Government support and subsidies: Many governments provided support to farmers by offering subsidies on inputs like fertilizers and irrigation facilities. This support encouraged farmers to adopt the new technologies and practices associated with the Green Revolution, including those specific to wheat cultivation.
5. Global dissemination of knowledge and technology: The success of the Green Revolution in increasing wheat production in countries like India and Mexico led to the global dissemination of knowledge and technology. This resulted in the adoption of high-yielding wheat varieties and modern agricultural practices in various other countries, further boosting wheat production.
Conclusion:
In conclusion, wheat registered the largest increase in production as a result of the Green Revolution. The introduction of high-yielding varieties, adoption of modern agricultural practices, availability of irrigation facilities, government support, and global dissemination of knowledge and technology all contributed to the significant growth in wheat production during this period.

The sex ratio is calculated as the number of females per 1000 males in a given population. According to the 2001 census, the sex ratio of India is given as 933 females per 1000 males.
Explanation:
The sex ratio is an important demographic indicator that helps us understand the balance between males and females in a population. The 2001 census of India provides us with the sex ratio of the country, which is 933 females per 1000 males. This means that for every 1000 males in India, there are 933 females.
To arrive at this figure, the census authorities collected data on the number of males and females in the country and calculated the ratio. The sex ratio is influenced by various social, cultural, and economic factors, and it can vary across different regions and time periods.
It is important to note that the sex ratio is not a fixed value and can change over time. Subsequent census reports may provide updated figures for the sex ratio in India.

Answer:

The sector related to agriculture, forestry, and dairy is the Primary Sector.

The primary sector is involved in the extraction and production of raw materials from natural resources. It includes activities such as farming, fishing, mining, and forestry. In the context of the given question, agriculture, forestry, and dairy production fall under this sector.

Here are some key points about the primary sector:

• The primary sector is the foundation of all other sectors in the economy.


• It involves direct utilization of natural resources.


• Activities in this sector are often labor-intensive and require manual work.


• The primary sector plays a crucial role in providing food, raw materials, and energy for the population.


• It is heavily influenced by factors such as climate, natural resources availability, and technological advancements.

Therefore, the primary sector is the correct answer as it encompasses agriculture, forestry, and dairy activities.

Surplus is the excessive amount of production produced by the farmers. Farmer’s excessive production is sold in the market and the profit is gained. This profit is called surplus.

The farmers use the surplus as capital for the next harvest. Small farmers such as Gobind’s son and Savita are poor and have little surplus wheat. They kept most of the share for their own family needs. Big farmers such as Tejpal Singh have a surplus and sell the surplus wheat in the market. A part of their earnings is saved in the bank and used for buying farm machines.

Mishrilal sells his jaggery to traders in Shahpur and not in his village because of the demand from other town. Trade takes place between the region of abundance and place of scarcity. It must have been remunerative or profitable for him to trade his jaggery to other nearby places than his own place where he might be having competition.

Dairy is a common activity in many families of Palampur. People feed their buffalos on various kinds of grass and the jowar and bajra that grows during the rainy season. The milk is sold in Raiganj, the nearby large village. Two traders from Shahpur town have set up collection cum chilling centres at Raiganj from where the milk is transported to far away towns and cities.

Disguised unemployment means that when in a farm work can be done by 3 labours and then also 7 are engaged in work , 4 are of no use . This is figured unemployment

Antyodaya Anna Yojana Scheme Launch Date

• Correct Answer: C. In Dec 2000

Detailed Explanation

• The Antyodaya Anna Yojana (AAY) scheme was launched in December 2000.


• It is a government of India sponsored scheme to provide highly subsidized food to the poorest families.


• The scheme aims to target the poorest of the poor families who are unable to get food grains at BPL rates.


• Under this scheme, eligible families are provided with 35 kg of food grains per month at a highly subsidized rate.


• The scheme was launched to ensure food security for the poorest sections of society and to alleviate hunger and malnutrition.


• The implementation of the scheme is done by the state governments and union territories.


• Overall, the Antyodaya Anna Yojana has been instrumental in providing food security to millions of vulnerable families across India.

Grain Banks are developing in different parts of Maharashtra.

Explanation:
The buffer stock of food grains is maintained by the government to ensure food security and stabilize prices in the market. The government procures food grains through the Food Corporation of India (FCI). The FCI is a government agency responsible for procuring, storing, and distributing food grains across the country.
Here is a detailed explanation of the options mentioned:
A: IFCI
- IFCI stands for Industrial Finance Corporation of India.
- IFCI is a financial institution that provides long-term financial assistance to industrial projects.
- It is not involved in the procurement of food grains for buffer stock.
B: FCI
- FCI stands for Food Corporation of India.
- FCI is a government agency responsible for procuring, storing, and distributing food grains.
- It plays a crucial role in maintaining the buffer stock of food grains.
C: IDBI
- IDBI stands for Industrial Development Bank of India.
- IDBI is a financial institution that provides financial assistance and development support to various industries.
- It is not involved in the procurement of food grains for buffer stock.
D: FICCI
- FICCI stands for Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce and Industry.
- FICCI is an industry association that represents the interests of Indian businesses and industries.
- It is not involved in the procurement of food grains for buffer stock.
Therefore, the correct answer is option B: FCI.

Milk colour is white like in green revolution is associated with plants .white revolution .it is about the production of milk .colour of rice is also white but answer is not rice because rice is obtained from plant and plant is associated from green revolution

Fixed Capital  :  It includes tools and machines ranging from simple tools like - farmer 's plough and , machines like -  generators , turbines ,computers .Actually tools , machines and buildings can be used in production over many years, and are called fixed capital .

Working capital refers to the liquid assets your business has on hand, that is, cash or financial instruments that you can easily convert to cash. In accounting, you calculate working capital by deducting the liabilities of your business from its assets. If the result is negative, this indicates that your business may not be able to honor its short-term financial obligations. You can increase your working capital by increasing profit, taking out a loan or receiving a cash injection from your stockholders if your business is incorporated.

The seasonal and chronic hunger mainly due to the persistence in the diet inadequacy. However, over time, people are getting indulge in increasing the food rate to the people who don’t have much.

Poverty is the state of not having enough material possessions or income for a person's basic needs. Poverty may include social, economic, and political elements. Absolute poverty measures compare income against the amount needed to meet basic personal needs, such as food, clothing, and shelter.

States like Punjab and Haryana have traditionally succeeded in reducing poverty with the help of high agricultural growth rates.