Economics Mock Test- 4 - Class 9 MCQ

Rural agricultural labour households

• These households are vulnerable to poverty due to lack of access to resources and opportunities for income generation.


• They often rely on seasonal agricultural work which may not provide stable income throughout the year.


• Lack of education and skills may limit their ability to find alternative sources of income.

Urban casual labour households

• Similar to rural agricultural labour households, urban casual labour households may struggle to find consistent work.


• They may also face competition for jobs in urban areas, leading to lower wages and job insecurity.


• Lack of access to social protection programs in urban areas can also contribute to poverty among this group.

Scheduled caste and scheduled tribe households

• Historical discrimination and marginalization have left these groups more vulnerable to poverty.


• Limited access to education, healthcare, and job opportunities can further exacerbate their economic situation.


• Social exclusion and lack of representation in decision-making processes can also contribute to their poverty.

The female daily wagers

• Women in general face higher rates of poverty due to gender disparities in access to education, employment, and resources.


• Female daily wagers may face additional challenges such as lower wages, lack of job security, and limited opportunities for advancement.


• Responsibilities for caregiving and household work can also limit their ability to engage in income-generating activities.

Overall, scheduled caste and scheduled tribe households are particularly vulnerable to poverty due to historical marginalization and limited access to resources and opportunities. Efforts to address poverty among these groups should focus on addressing structural inequalities and promoting inclusive development policies.

Accepted Average Calories Required in India in Urban Areas
- The accepted average calories required in India in urban areas is 2100 calories per day.
- This average is recommended by various health organizations and experts for maintaining a healthy and balanced diet.
- It is important to note that the calorie requirement may vary depending on factors such as age, gender, physical activity level, and overall health condition.
- The 2100 calorie estimate is an average value and individuals should consult with a healthcare professional or nutritionist for personalized recommendations.
- It is also worth mentioning that the calorie requirement may differ in rural areas or for individuals engaged in physically demanding occupations.
- It is important to consume a variety of nutrient-rich foods to meet the daily calorie requirement and ensure proper nutrition.
- The calorie intake should include a balance of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats, along with an adequate intake of vitamins and minerals.
- It is recommended to focus on whole grains, lean proteins, fruits, vegetables, and healthy fats while limiting the consumption of processed foods, sugary beverages, and excessive amounts of saturated fats and added sugars.
- Regular physical activity is also essential for maintaining a healthy weight and overall well-being.
- It is advisable to consult with a healthcare professional or nutritionist for personalized guidance on calorie requirements and dietary recommendations.

Jowar is one of the important food and fodder cereal crops cultivated across India, Sorghum popularly known as “Jowar” in India. The advantage of this cereal crop is that it can be cultivated in both Kharif and Rabi season. Jowar is the 5th most important cereal crop in the world after rice, wheat, maize & barley. 

Non - Farming activities includes activities excluding agriculture. Some of the non - farming activities are:

Dairy - It is a common activity in many villages. People feed their buffaloes on various kinds of grass and Jowar and Bajra. Then the milk is sold in nearby villages and towns. It is alos transported to far away towns and cities.

Small - Scale Manufacturing - Unlike manufacturing that takes place in big factories in the towns and cities, small scale manufacturing involves very simple production methods.

Shops - People involved in Trade(shopkeepers) buy various goods from wholesale markets in the cities and sell them in the village. A few families whose house is near the bus stop set up small shops that sell eatables.

Transport - People with rickshaws, tongas, tractors, truks, bogey and bullock carts are the ones in the transport service and they transport goods and services from one place to another and in return get paid for it.

HYV seeds are the one which is prepared by many types of research to improve the yield of crops so they are developed in research institutes.

Based on 2019's PPPs International Comparison Program, According to the United Nations Millennium Development Goals (MDG) programme,88 million people out of 1.2 billion Indians, roughly equal to 6.7% of India's population, lived below the poverty line of $1.25 in 2018–19.

Tertiary sector provides services

Tertiary sector is also known as service sector because tertiary sector provides various service to primary and secondary sectors and the people. In tertiary sector people do not offer any goods or products but their services like transportation, banking, teaching etc.

D is the correct option.Quality of population depends upon all given options.The quality of population depends upon the literacy rate, health of a person indicated by life expectancy and skill formation acquired by the people of the country.

People as Resource is a way of referring to a country's working people in terms of their existing productive skills and abilities.
Human resource is different from other resources in many senses. Human resources need education, training and healthcare to develop. On the other hand, land and physical capital need money and physical inputs to develop. Land and physical capital are useless without human resources.

White Revolution of the country is associated with milk:

• The White Revolution, also known as Operation Flood, was a successful program in India that aimed to increase milk production and make the country self-sufficient in milk production.


• The program was launched in 1970 by the National Dairy Development Board (NDDB) under the leadership of Dr. Verghese Kurien.


• It focused on improving milk production, processing, and distribution systems in India.


• The main objective of the White Revolution was to replicate the success of the Green Revolution in the agricultural sector to the dairy industry.


• One of the key initiatives of the White Revolution was the formation of dairy cooperatives, known as milk producers' cooperative societies (MPCS), at the village level.


• These cooperatives aimed to empower farmers and provide them with access to modern techniques, equipment, and markets for their milk.


• The White Revolution led to a significant increase in milk production in India, making the country the largest milk producer in the world.


• It also helped in improving the socio-economic conditions of rural milk producers by providing them with a regular source of income.


• The success of the White Revolution in India inspired other countries to implement similar programs to boost their milk production.

Therefore, the correct answer is B: milk. The White Revolution of the country is associated with milk.

(i) While determining the poverty line in India, a minimum level of food requirement, clothing, footwear, fuel and light, educational and medical requirement etc. are determined for subsistence.
(ii) The present formula for food requirement while estimating the poverty line is based on the desired calorie requirement. The accepted average calorie requirement in India is 2400 calories per person per day in rural areas and 2100 calories per person per day in urban areas.
(iii) On the basis of these calculations, for the year 2000, the poverty line for a person was fixed at Rs. 328 per month for the rural areas and Rs. 454 for the urban areas.
(iv) It means a person living in rural areas and earning less than Rs. 328 per month will be below the poverty line. In the same way, a person living in urban areas and earning less than Rs. 454 per month will be below the poverty line.

The World Bank defines poverty in absolute terms. The bank defines extreme poverty as living on less than US$1.90 per day. (PPP), and moderate poverty as less than $3.10 a day. It has been estimated that in 2008, 1.4 billion people had consumption levels below US$1.25 a day and 2.7 billion lived on less than $2 a day.

National Rural Employment Guarantee Act,2005 was passed in September 2005 with following features: 1) It provides 100-days assured employment every year to every rural household with the reservation for one -third of the proposal jobs work women.

Introduction:
The Integrated Child Development Service (ICDS) is a government program in India that aims to provide holistic development and healthcare services to children under six years of age and their mothers. It is one of the largest and most successful programs for early childhood development in the world.
Introduction of ICDS:
ICDS was introduced in India to address the issues of malnutrition, poor health, and limited access to education among children. The program focuses on providing a package of services, including supplementary nutrition, immunization, health check-ups, pre-school education, and referral services. It also aims to empower women through the provision of nutrition and health education.
Year of Introduction:
The Integrated Child Development Service (ICDS) was introduced in the year 1975.
Key Points:
- ICDS was launched as a pilot project in 33 blocks of the country in 1975.
- It was later expanded to cover the entire country in a phased manner.
- The program is implemented through a network of anganwadi centers, which are grassroots-level service delivery units.
- ICDS plays a crucial role in reducing child mortality, improving nutrition levels, and enhancing the overall development of children.
- Over the years, the program has undergone several modifications and enhancements to better meet the needs of children and their families.
Conclusion:
The Integrated Child Development Service (ICDS) was introduced in India in the year 1975. Since then, it has played a pivotal role in providing vital services for the holistic development of children and empowering women. The program has made significant contributions to combatting malnutrition, improving health outcomes, and promoting early childhood education.

The main activity of Palampur is farming and 80 families of the upper caste own the majority of land in Palampur. There are other activities in the Palampur like dairy, transport, small-scale manufacturing, etc which also helps run the economy in the Palampur.

The Green Revolution refers to a period of rapid agricultural growth and development that occurred primarily in the developing world, particularly in the 1960s and 1970s. The main goal of the Green Revolution was to increase food production and improve agricultural productivity, particularly in the areas of cereal crops like wheat and rice.

Antyodaya Anna Yojana (AAY) and Annapurna Scheme (APS)
These two schemes, Antyodaya Anna Yojana (AAY) and Annapurna Scheme (APS), are linked with the public distribution system in India.
Antyodaya Anna Yojana (AAY)
- AAY is a government scheme launched in 2000 aimed at providing highly subsidized food grains to the poorest of the poor in India.
- It targets the poorest families in rural and urban areas who are unable to afford food at market prices.
- Under this scheme, eligible households are provided with 35 kilograms of food grains per month at a highly subsidized rate.
- The eligible beneficiaries are identified by the respective state governments.
Annapurna Scheme (APS)
- APS is a government scheme launched in 2000 to provide food security to senior citizens who are eligible for National Old Age Pension (NOAP) but are not receiving it.
- It aims to provide 10 kilograms of food grains per month to eligible senior citizens free of cost.
- The beneficiaries of this scheme are identified by the respective state governments.
- APS is implemented through the existing network of fair price shops.
Link with Public Distribution System (PDS)
- Both AAY and APS are part of the public distribution system (PDS) in India.
- PDS is a government-run system that aims to provide essential commodities, including food grains, at affordable prices to the general public.
- AAY and APS are specific schemes within the PDS that target specific categories of beneficiaries, such as the poorest families and senior citizens, respectively.
- The food grains provided under these schemes are distributed through the existing network of fair price shops, which are part of the PDS.
In conclusion, AAY and APS are linked with the public distribution system in India, as they are implemented through the existing network of fair price shops and aim to provide subsidized food grains to specific categories of beneficiaries.

Targeted Public Distribution System (TPDS) - Foodgrains Allocation:
The Targeted Public Distribution System (TPDS) is a scheme implemented by the Government of India to provide subsidized foodgrains to eligible households. The allocation of foodgrains per family per month under TPDS is as follows:
A. 40 kg:
- This option is incorrect as it does not correspond to the actual allocation under TPDS.
B. 35 kg:
- This is the correct answer.
- Under TPDS, eligible families receive 35 kg of foodgrains per month.
C. 20 kg:
- This option is incorrect as it does not correspond to the actual allocation under TPDS.
D. 25 kg:
- This option is incorrect as it does not correspond to the actual allocation under TPDS.
In conclusion, the correct answer is B. 35 kg.

Answer:
State with 94% ration shops run by cooperatives:
- Tamil Nadu
Detailed
- The question asks about the state in which 94% of ration shops are run by cooperatives.
- The correct answer is Tamil Nadu.
- Here is a detailed explanation of why Tamil Nadu is the correct answer:
Cooperatives in Tamil Nadu:
- Tamil Nadu has a strong tradition of cooperative societies in various sectors, including the ration shop system.
- The state government has actively promoted and supported the establishment of cooperative societies to ensure the efficient distribution of essential commodities, including food grains.
- Cooperatives play a crucial role in managing and operating ration shops in the state.
Importance of Cooperatives in Ration Shops:
- Cooperatives ensure the fair and transparent distribution of subsidized food grains to the public.
- They help in reducing corruption and ensuring that the benefits of the public distribution system reach the intended beneficiaries.
- Cooperatives also provide employment opportunities and empower local communities.
Other States:
- While Tamil Nadu has the highest percentage of ration shops run by cooperatives, other states also have cooperatives operating ration shops to varying degrees.
- Andhra Pradesh, Odisha, and Bihar also have a significant presence of cooperative-run ration shops, but their percentage may be lower than Tamil Nadu.
Conclusion:
- In conclusion, Tamil Nadu has the highest percentage (94%) of ration shops run by cooperatives compared to other states mentioned in the options.

The correct answer is A as In coverage and public expenditure, it is considered to be the most important food security network. However, the food grains supplied by the ration shops are not enough to meet the consumption needs of the poor or are of inferior quality. The average level of consumption of PDS grains in India is only 1 kg per person / month.

The Green Revolution in India was an effort to increase agricultural production with the help of industrial agriculture technologies, such as hybrid seeds, fertilizers, pesticides, and irrigation. It was funded by the U.S. and Indian governments and the Ford and Rockefeller Foundations.

In Palampur village, the small farmers used to borrow the money from the traders, big farmers or moneylenders to arrange the capital that is used for the cultivation.

They need to face a lot of problems but they work on their land to give back the money and stabilize their condition as far as it possible.

Disguised unemployment could be traced in the following sectors:
- Agriculture: Disguised unemployment is commonly found in the agricultural sector. This occurs when there are more workers engaged in farming than required for efficient production. Some key points related to disguised unemployment in agriculture include:
- Farmers may have surplus labor due to outdated farming techniques or lack of technological advancements.
- The plot of land may be too small to provide full employment to all family members, resulting in disguised unemployment.
- Inadequate access to credit, irrigation facilities, or modern farming equipment may contribute to surplus labor in agriculture.
- Mining activity: Disguised unemployment can also be observed in mining activities, particularly in regions where there is a lack of resources or inefficient mining methods. Some key points related to disguised unemployment in mining include:
- Mining operations may require a limited number of workers, but due to various factors, such as government policies or lack of alternative employment opportunities, there may be an excess workforce.
- Lack of skill development and modern mining techniques may lead to a higher number of workers than necessary.
- Service sector: Disguised unemployment can be present in the service sector, particularly in areas where there is an oversupply of labor or low demand for certain services. Some key points related to disguised unemployment in the service sector include:
- In industries such as retail, hospitality, or personal services, there may be a surplus of workers due to intense competition or low consumer demand.
- Disguised unemployment in the service sector can also occur when individuals are employed in low-productivity jobs that do not fully utilize their skills or abilities.
- Social forestry: Disguised unemployment can also be seen in social forestry projects, which involve afforestation and forest conservation activities. Some key points related to disguised unemployment in social forestry include:
- Social forestry projects may employ a large number of workers, but the actual work available may be limited.
- Lack of planning, training, or coordination in implementing social forestry projects can lead to the existence of surplus labor.
Conclusion:
Disguised unemployment can be traced in various sectors such as agriculture, mining activity, service sector, and social forestry. It occurs when there are more workers engaged in a particular sector than required for efficient production or service provision. Understanding the causes and implications of disguised unemployment is crucial for policymakers to develop strategies for creating productive employment opportunities and improving overall economic efficiency.

The term globalization derives from the word globalize, which refers to the emergence of an international network of economic systems.One of the earliest known usages of the term as a noun was in a 1930 publication entitled Towards New Education, where it denoted a holistic view of human experience in education. The term 'globalization' had been used in its economic sense at least as early as 1981, and in other senses since at least as early as 1944.Theodore Levitt is credited with popularizing the term and bringing it into the mainstream business audience in the later half of the 1980s. Since its inception, the concept of globalization has inspired competing definitions and interpretations. Its antecedents date back to the great movements of trade and empire across Asia and the Indian Ocean from the 15th century onward.

The main aim of the post-war international economic system was to preserve economic stability and full employment in the industrial world. Its framework was agreed upon at the United Nations Monetary and Financial Conference held in July 1944 at Bretton Woods in New Hampshire, USA.

State with the Highest Literacy Rate (2001 Study)
According to the 2001 study, the state with the highest literacy rate was Kerala.
Reasons for Kerala having the highest literacy rate:
- Focus on Education: Kerala has always placed a high emphasis on education, with the state government allocating a significant portion of its budget to the education sector.
- Education Initiatives: The state has implemented various education initiatives, such as the Kerala Literacy Mission, to promote literacy and provide education opportunities to all.
- High Literacy Levels among Women: Kerala has achieved high literacy levels among women, which has contributed to the overall literacy rate in the state.
- Availability of Schools: Kerala has a well-developed education infrastructure, with schools and educational institutions easily accessible to the population.
- Socio-economic Factors: Kerala's relatively high socio-economic development has played a role in promoting literacy, as education is seen as a pathway to better opportunities and improved quality of life.
Comparison with other states:
- Madhya Pradesh and Bihar have historically had lower literacy rates compared to Kerala.
- While efforts have been made to improve literacy rates in these states, they still lag behind Kerala in terms of overall literacy levels.
In conclusion, as per the 2001 study, Kerala had the highest literacy rate among the mentioned states (Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, and Bihar).

Explanation:

• MSP stands for Minimum Support Price: MSP is the price at which the government purchases crops from farmers to ensure they get a fair price for their produce.


• Maximum Support Price and Mostly Support Price are not correct: The correct term is Minimum Support Price, which is the price set by the government to support farmers.


• None of these is incorrect: The correct answer is A, which stands for Minimum Support Price.

Poverty is about not having enough money to meet basic needs including food, clothing and shelter. The World Bank Organization describes poverty in this way: “Poverty is hunger. Poverty is lack of shelter. Poverty is being sick and not being able to see a doctor.

Prime Minister Rozgar Yojana (PMRY): It is a scheme started in 1993. The aim of the programme is to create self-employment opportunities for educated unemployed youth in rural areas and small towns. They are helped in setting up small businesses and industries.