Test: Modern History- 2 - UPSC MCQ

Answer: c

Answer: c

Exp: Lord Chelmsford (1916 – 1921.

Lord Chelmsford was the Viceroy of India when the Rowlatt Act was passed.

The Indian Legion officially the Free India Legion or 950th (Indian) Infantry Regiment, was a military unit raised during the Second World War initially as part of the German Army and later the Waffen-SS from August 1944. Intended to serve as a liberation force for British-ruled India, it was made up of Indian prisoners of war and expatriates in Europe. Because of its origins in the Indian independence movement, it was known also as the "Tiger Legion", and the "Azad Hind Fauj".

Indian independence leader Subhas Chandra Bose initiated the legion's formation, as part of his efforts to win India's independence by waging war against Britain, when he came to Berlin in 1941 seeking German aid.

The initial recruits in 1941 were volunteers from the Indian students resident in Germany at the time, and a handful of the Indian prisoners of war who had been captured during the North Africa Campaign.

It would later draw a larger number of Indian prisoners of war as volunteers

In September 1932, Mahatma Gandhi began a fast unto death to protest British support of a new Indian Constitution that would separate the Indian electorate by caste. After just six days, the British accepted an alternate proposal and he was able to break the fast.

The correct answer would be Option B. 
The Rowlatt Act aimed at imprisonment without trial and summary procedures for trial. Despite much opposition, the Rowlatt Act was passed in March 1919. The purpose of the act was to curb the growing nationalist upsurge in the country. Mahatma Gandhi, among other Indian leaders, was extremely critical of the Act and argued that not everyone should be punished in response to isolated political crimes.
 

The 1929 Lahore session under the presidency of Jawaharlal Nehru holds special significance as in this session "Purna Swaraj" (complete independence) was declared as the goal of the INC. 26 January, 1930 was declared as "Purna Swaraj Diwas". 

Correct Answer would be Option B, 2 and 3 only.
The Peasants and Workers Party of India is a political party in Maharashtra. The party was founded in Maharashtra by Keshavrao Jedhe of Pune, Nana Patil of Satara and others.
Ambedkar formed the Independent Labour Party (ILP) in August, 1936, which participated in the provincial elections of Bombay and reserved for scheduled castes. Independent Labour Party was transformed by Ambedkar as the All India Scheduled Castes Federation in 1942.
 

Answer: b

Exp: The army was first formed in 1942 under Mohan Singh, by Indian PoWs of the British-Indian Army captured by Japan in the Malayan campaign and at Singapore. An armed force formed by Indian nationalists in 1942 in Southeast Asia during World War II. Its aim was to secure Indian independence from British rule

The correct answer is:

3. Both 1 and 2

Explanation:

• Statement 1 is correct: The discussions that took place during the Third Round Table Conference (1932) were significant in shaping the provisions of the Government of India Act of 1935. Although the conference itself did not directly result in the Act, the deliberations contributed to its formulation.

• Statement 2 is correct: The Government of India Act of 1935 indeed provided for the establishment of an All India Federation, which was to consist of the provinces of British India and the Princely States. However, the federation never actually came into being because the princely states were not willing to join.

Therefore, both statements are correct.

Explanation:

1. The first telegraph line in India: The first telegraph line in India was indeed laid between Kolkata (then known as Calcutta) and Diamond Harbour in 1850. This marked the beginning of telegraph communication in India.

2. The first Export Processing Zone (EPZ) in India: The first Export Processing Zone (EPZ) in India was established in Kandla, Gujarat, in 1965. It was set up to promote exports by providing various incentives and facilities to export-oriented businesses.

Since both statements are correct, the answer is Both 1 and 2.

Answer: c

Exp: During the Indian Freedom Struggle, Rowlatt Act 1919 aroused popular indignation as it  authorized the government to imprison people without trial.

It was passed in March 1919 even though every single Indian member of the Central legislative council opposed it. It became a reason for Jallianwala Bagh tragedy of Amritsar on 13 April 1919.

Raja Rammohan Roy, a renowned Indian social reformer, was one of the key figures involved in the establishment of the Hindu College in Calcutta. The college, which later became known as the Hindu College of Calcutta, played a significant role in the development of modern education in India.

Raja Rammohan Roy, along with his associates David Hare and Alexander Duff, was instrumental in the establishment of the Hindu College in 1817. The primary objective of the college was to provide Western-style education to the Indian youth while also incorporating elements of traditional Indian learning.

Raja Rammohan Roy was a strong advocate for social reform and believed in the importance of education as a means to uplift the Indian society. He recognized the need for a college that would provide quality education to Indian students, enabling them to acquire knowledge and skills that were necessary for social and intellectual progress.

David Hare, a philanthropist and educationist, collaborated with Raja Rammohan Roy in his efforts to establish the Hindu College. Hare shared a similar vision and was deeply committed to the cause of education in India. His financial support and dedication played a crucial role in making the establishment of the college possible.

Alexander Duff, a Scottish Christian missionary, also contributed to the establishment of the Hindu College. He advocated for the spread of Western education in India and played a significant role in shaping the college`s curriculum and pedagogy. Duff`s association with Raja Rammohan Roy and David Hare helped bring together their collective efforts in establishing the college.

It is worth noting that while Henry Louis Vivian Derozio was a prominent educator and poet in India during the 19th century, he was not involved in the establishment of the Hindu College. Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar, another notable social reformer and educator, made significant contributions to education in India but was not directly associated with the establishment of the Hindu College. Keshab Chandra Sen, a religious and social reformer, was born several years after the establishment of the college and was not involved in its founding.

In conclusion, Raja Rammohan Roy, in collaboration with David Hare and Alexander Duff, established the Hindu College at Calcutta. Their collective efforts aimed to provide modern education infused with traditional Indian values and played a vital role in shaping the educational landscape of India during that time.

Answer: c

Exp: In 1609/ 1610 Emperor Jehangir issued  permitting the English to establish a factory at Surat and in 1613 the English East India Company's factory was set up at Surat.

In the year 1617, Jahangir issued the charter to East India Company for establishing the trade establishments in India.

Answer: b

Exp: In 1859, Canning had already introduced the Portfolio system. Under this portfolio system, the work of the Government, divided into several branches, was entrusted to different members of the Governor General's council. The act of 1861 envisaged that the member in-charge of his department could issue final orders with regard to matters which concerned his department. In 1861, the portfolio system led to creation of some kind of cabinet system. The Indian Councils Act 1861 was an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom that transformed the Viceroy of India's executive council into a cabinet run on the portfolio system. This cabinet had six "ordinary members", who each took charge of a separate department in Calcutta's government: home, revenue, military, law, finance, and (after 1874) public works. The military Commander-in-Chief sat in with the council as an extraordinary member.

Lord Canning, who was the Governor-General and Viceroy at the time, introduced the portfolio system. In this system, each member was assigned a portfolio of a particular department.