Bihar Police SI Prelims Mock Test - 2 - Bihar Police SI MCQ

To substitute one form of punishment with another without changing the sentence describes the term Commutation under Article 72 of the constitution.

Pardoning powers of the President come under Article 72 of the constitution which describes the following:

• Pardon: To free the criminal from all punishments.
• Commutation: To substitute one form of punishment with another without changing the sentence i.e reduction of a judicial sentence, especially a sentence of death to another less severe punishment.
• Respite: Change the nature of punishment due to some special condition i.e. awarding lesser punishment due to the pregnancy of women offenders.
• Reprieve: Temporarily deferred punishment.
• Remission: Reducing the period of a sentence without changing its character.

Albert Einstein received the Nobel Prize in 1921 for his explanation of the 'photoelectric effect'. In 1905 AD, Einstein explained the 'photoelectric effect' considering 'quantum theory' as the basis.

The Gandhian Plan was expounded in 1944 by Shriman Narayan Agarwal. Shriman Narayan Agarwal started it to the level of promoting cottage and village-level industries. The basic objective of the Gandhian Model was to raise the material as well as the cultural level of the masses so as to provide a basic standard of life. It laid emphasis on the scientific development of agriculture and the rapid growth of cottage and village industries. The plan called for a 'decentralized economic structure' for India with 'self-contained villages' as fundamental features. 

In 1955, the Village and Small-scale Industries Committee, also called the Karve Committee, noted the possibility of using small-scale industries for promoting rural development. 

A ‘small-scale industry’ is defined as the maximum investment allowed on the assets of a unit. This limit has changed over a period of time. In 1950 a small-scale industrial unit was one which invested a maximum of rupees five lakh.

It was believed that small-scale industries are more ‘labour-intensive’ i.e. they use more labour than the large-scale industries, therefore, generate more employment. But these industries cannot compete with the big industrial firms, it is obvious that the development of small-scale industry requires them to be shielded from the large firms. For this purpose, the production of several products was reserved for the small-scale industry; the criterion of the reservation being the ability of these units to manufacture the goods. They were also given concessions such as lower excise duty and bank loans at lower interest rates.

Rayon is a synthetic fibre manufactured from the cellulose of wood pulp or cotton. They possess the feel and texture as of natural silk. Hence, rayon is also known as artificial silk. Since it is prepared artificially & posses properties similar to that of silk , it is called as artificial silk.

Infosys was chosen for the UN Global Climate Action Award in the ‘Carbon Neutral Now’ category in September 2019.

• The company got this award for being the only Indian corporate to earn recognition for its effort to combat climate change.
• UN Climate Summit in New York was convened by UN Secretary-General Antonio Guterres.
• The award will be presented to Infosys at the UN Climate Change Conference (COP25) at Santiago in Chile.

Afzal Khan was killed by Chhatrapati Shivaji in the Battle of Pratapgarh. Afzal Khan was the general of the Adil Shahi dynasty of Bijapur.

The climate change knowledge network (CCKN-IA) was created in three Indian states namely Jharkhand, Odisha, and Maharashtra from 2013 to 2017.

• The climate change knowledge network (CCKN-IA) was created to work closely with the Central Government and state governments for reducing the effects of climate change.
• The target group of this project is small-scale farmers whose occupation is threatened by the effects of climate change.
• This project works in 3 states, 6 districts, and 12 blocks.
• India is an agricultural country and climate change poses a major challenge to agriculture.
• It helps people at national, state, and district levels depending on different weather conditions in different areas.
• Thus, the scheme was launched by the Ministry of Agriculture.

A zero rate of Inflation obtains necessarily in a year where the annual rate of inflation is both falling and rising in a year. Low rates of inflation have relatively little economic impact over the short term. High rates of inflation can muddle price signals in the short term and prevent market forces from operating efficiently.

On August 24, 2019, the United Arab Emirates (UAE) conferred UAE’s highest civilian award, the Order of Zayed, on Indian PM Narendra Modi in recognition of his “pivotal role” in strengthening ties between India & UAE.

This was announced by UAE on April 4, 2019.

In August 2022, Bhavani Devi won a gold medal at the Commonwealth Fencing Championship 2022 in the Senior Women's Sabre Individual category.

• Bhavani Devi defeated Veronika Vasileva of Australia 15-10 to win the title in London.
• She had created history by becoming the lone Indian fencer to qualify for Tokyo Olympics after she reached the quarter-final of the 2020 Fencing World Cup.

Kota is also known as the industrial capital in Rajasthan.
Kota, Rajasthan:

• The city is situated on the banks of the Chambal River.
• It is the third most populous city of Rajasthan preceded by Jaipur and Jodhpur.
• It was earlier a part of the Rajput kingdom of Bundi. 
• It is known as the industrial capital of Rajasthan.
• Industries like chemical, cement, engineering and power plants are based there.
• Around 12910 industries are registered here.
• It is also known the coaching capital of India.

There are different types of chemical weathering processes such as solution, hydration, carbonation, oxidation, reduction, and biological. Therefore, corrosion is not a type of chemical weathering.

Corrosion is a natural process that converts a refined metal into a more chemically stable form such as oxide, hydroxide, carbonate or sulfide. It is the gradual destruction of materials (usually a metal) by chemical and/or electrochemical reaction with their environment.

In the most common use of the word, this means electrochemical oxidation of metal in reaction with an oxidant such as oxygen or sulfates. Rusting, the formation of iron oxides, is a well-known example of electrochemical corrosion.

The full form of IAEA is International Atomic Energy Agency.

The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) is an international organization that seeks to promote the peaceful use of nuclear energy, and to inhibit its use for any military purpose, including nuclear weapons. The IAEA was established as an autonomous organization on 29 July 1957. 

Based in Vienna, the IAEA serves as an intergovernmental forum for scientific and technical co-operation on the peaceful use of nuclear technology and nuclear power worldwide. 

Mohiniyattam, is an Indian classical dance form that developed and popular in the state of Kerala. The 11th century Vishnu temple at Trikodithanam, and the Kidangur Subramanya temple, have the evidence of this dance form in several sculptures of female dancers in Mohiniyattam pose.

Dr. Bhim Rao Ambedkar is considered the father of the Indian Constitution.

• He was born into the Mahar caste.
• He fought for the rights of the Dalit community.
• Dr. Ambedkar was the first person from his caste who completed his college education and went to England to become a lawyer.
• He was the chairman of the drafting committee.

The newspaper Mook Nayak was started by Ambedkar in the year 1920.

• Mooknayak was published with the help of Shahu of Kolhapur
• He participated in all 3 round table conferences held between 1930 and 1932.
• He was honored with the  Bharat Ratna(posthumously) in 1932.

Notable works of Ambedkar are:

• Riddles in Hinduism
• The Annihilation of Caste
• Pakistan or the Partition of India
• The Buddha and his Dhamma
• The Untouchables

The nearest large galaxy of Milky Way is Andromeda galaxy. At a distance of about 2.5 million light years, the Andromeda galaxy also known as NGC 224 and M 31 is the nearest galaxy to the Earth apart from smaller companion galaxies such as the Magellanic Clouds. The Sun's nearest known star is a red dwarf star called Proxima Centauri, at a distance of 4,3 light years away.

So, statement Both 1 and 2 is correct.

England Test captain Ben Stokes became the player to hit the most number of sixes in the history of Test cricket in the match against New Zealand on 18 February 2023. He surpassed the previous record of cricketer Brendon McCullum. Stokes made the record by hitting 109 sixes in 90 Tests.

Recently, the Stree Manoraksha project was launched during the Women's day celebrations. 

It was launched by the National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro - Science (NIMHANS) and the Union Minister for Women and Child Development. Hence, statement 1 is not correct.

The project is aimed at extending mental health training to 6000 One Stop Centre functionaries across India. Hence, statement 2 is correct.

The Richter scale measures the amplitude of the largest seismic wave (the S-wave) recorded by a seismograph. The Richter scale ranges from 0 to 9, with a magnitude of 9 being the most severe.

Cooking gas is a mixture of butane and propane. It was first produced in 1910 by Walter O. Typically, LPG is either 60% propane and 40% butane, or 35% propane and 65% butane, depending on the country and region.

An Indian political party founded in 1885 as Indian National Congress. Founded by Allan Octavian Hume, a British colonist and, until World War-I it was a moderate body.

Hind Swaraj is the name of a book written by Gandhiji. Which was written by Gandhiji in a ship during his journey from England to South Africa.

Gulf of Mannar is a marine national park, an inlet of the Indian Ocean located between southeastern India and western Sri Lanka. This national park has a high diversity of plants and animals in its marine and near-shore habitats. It lies a few km away from the east coast of Tamil Nadu in India and is between Tuticorin and Dhanushkodi.  The gulf is 80–170 miles (130–275 km) wide and 100 miles (160 km) long.  It is the core area of the Gulf of Mannar Biosphere Reserve and has a 10 km buffer zone around the park.

England captain Ben Stokes has been named the International Cricket Council Test Player of the Year for 2023.

Reita Faria is an Indian physician, former model, and winner of the Miss World 1966 pageant. Making her the first Asian woman to win the event.

Electric current is considered to be the flow of negative charge.

As we know, some electrons are the free particles in the atoms. When we apply the electric potential across the conductor then these free electrons move and we call it electric current. The charge on the electron is negative.

Baking soda is a great as a fire extinguisher for electrical fires and grease fires. When baking soda is heated it releases carbon dioxide and produces water.

2NaHCO₃ - H₂O + CO₂ + Na₂CO₃

Thus, 1st statement is correct.

 Quicklime (calcium oxide) can also be used where higher efficiencies and outputs are required during glass manufacturing.

Thus, 2nd statement is correct.

Plaster of paris, quick-setting gypsum plaster consisting of a fine white powder (calcium sulfate hemihydrate), which hardens when moistened and allowed to dry. Known since ancient times, plaster of paris is so called because of its preparation from the abundant gypsum found near plaster of paris.

Thus, 3rd statement is correct.

A commercial bank is a financial institution that provides various financial service, such as accepting deposits and issuing loans.

Bhasin R.V. authored "Musharraf's 'Skewed' Line of Fire" in 2007. The book satirically outlines flaws and "untruths" by the General in his autobiography.