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GMAT Focus Edition Mock test - 3 - GMAT MCQ


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30 Questions MCQ Test - GMAT Focus Edition Mock test - 3

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GMAT Focus Edition Mock test - 3 - Question 1

The original price of a suit is $200. The price increased 30%, and after this increase, the store published a 30% off coupon for a one-day sale. Given that the consumers who used the coupon on sale day were getting 30% off the increased price, how much did these consumers pay for the suit?

Detailed Solution for GMAT Focus Edition Mock test - 3 - Question 1

Given the foregoing discussion, it may be obvious now the trap-mistake answer is (C). Even if you can’t remember the correct thing to do, at the very least, learn to spot the trap!

The multiplier for a 30% increases is 1 + 0.30 = 1.3, and the multiplier for a 30% decrease is 1 – 0.30 = 0.70, so the combined change is 1.3*0.7 = 0.91, 91% percent of the original, or a 9% decreases.  Now, multiply $200*0.91 = $182. 

GMAT Focus Edition Mock test - 3 - Question 2

Of the 80 houses in a development, 50 have a two-car garage, 40 have an in-the-ground swimming pool, and 35 have both a two-car garage and an in-the-ground swimming pool. How many houses in the development have neither a two-car garage nor an in-the-ground swimming pool?

Detailed Solution for GMAT Focus Edition Mock test - 3 - Question 2

Here, we have two categories: (a) with or without two-car garage, and (b) with or without an in-the-ground pool.  Houses can be members of either, both, or neither category.  We will use a two circle Venn diagram:

We know the total of the group is 80 —– A + B + C + D = 80.  We know the green circle, two-car garages, has 50 members, so A + B = 50.  We know the blue circle, in-the-ground pool, has 40 members, so B + C = 40.  We also know the crucial overlap region, B = 35.  If B = 35, in the green circle, we can deduce that A = 15, and in the blue circle, we can deduce that C = 5.  Then
A + B + C + D = 15 + 35 + 5 + D = 80
D = 25
Thus, 25 houses in this development have neither a two-car garage nor an in-the-ground swimming pool. 

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GMAT Focus Edition Mock test - 3 - Question 3


ABCD is a square with a side y, and JKLM is a square with side x. If Rectangle S (not shown) with length x + y has the same area as the shaded region above, what is the width of Rectangle S?

Detailed Solution for GMAT Focus Edition Mock test - 3 - Question 3

First of all, notice that the shaded area, quite literally and visually, is the difference of two squares — Area = y2 – x2. We know from the Difference of Two Squares pattern, this factors into:
Area of ABCD = y2 – x2 = (y + x)(y – x)
Rectangle S is supposed to have the same area, and it has a length of y + x, which is one of the factors in the above expression. Therefore, the other factor y–x must be the width of Rectangle S.

GMAT Focus Edition Mock test - 3 - Question 4

Consider a set S = {2, 4, 6, 8, x, y} with distinct elements. If x and y are both prime numbers and 0 < x < 40 and 0 < y < 40, which of the following MUST be true?
I. The maximum possible range of the set is greater than 33.
II. The median can never be an even number.
III. If y = 37, the average of the set will be greater than the median.

Detailed Solution for GMAT Focus Edition Mock test - 3 - Question 4

Step 1: Key Data from the Question Stem

Set S has 6 elements.
The elements of set S are distinct.
x and y are prime numbers. Because 2 is already an element in S, both x and y have to be odd.
0 < x < 40 and 0 < y < 40

Step 2: Check Statement I

I. The maximum possible range of the set is greater than 33.
The key word in this entire statement is maximum. We have to determine whether the maximum value possible for the range exceeds 33.
We know x and y are prime numbers. The largest prime number less than 40 is 37.
If either x or y is 37, the largest number in the set will be 37 and the smallest number is 2.
Therefore, the maximum range of the set will be 37 - 2 = 35. It is greater than 33.

Statement I is true. So, eliminate choices that do not contain I.
Eliminate choice D

Step 3: Check Statement II

II. The median can never be an even number.
There are 6 numbers in the set. Therefore, the median is the arithmetic mean of the 3rd and the 4th term when the numbers are written in ascending or descending order.
The elements are {2, 4, 6, 8, x, y}, where x and y are prime numbers.
If x and y take 3 and 5 as values, the median is 4.5
If x = 3, y = 7 or greater, the median is 5.
If x = 5, y = 7 or greater, the median is 5.5
If x = 7, y = 11 or greater, the median is 6.5
If x = 11 or greater and y = 13 or greater, the median is 7.
It is quite clear that the median is either an odd number or is not an interger. So, the median can never be an even integer.

Statement II is true. Eliminate choices that do not contain II.
Eliminate choices A and C as well.

Step 4: Check Statement III

III. If y = 37, the average of the set will be greater than the median.
If y = 37, the set will be {2, 4, 6, 8, x, 37}, where x is a prime number greater than 2 and less than 37.
The average will be 
If x = 3, median = 5 and average = 10. Average > median.
If x = 5, median = 5.5 and average = 10.33. Average > median
If x = 7, median = 6.5 and average = 10.66. Average > medain
If x = 11 or greater, the median = 7. Average will be definitely greater than 10. So, Average > Median.
It is true that the average is greater than the median if y = 37.

Statement III is also true.
Statements I, II, and III are true.

Choice E is the correct answer.

GMAT Focus Edition Mock test - 3 - Question 5

There are two sets of letters, and you are going to pick exactly one letter from each set.

Set #1 = {A, B, C, D, E}

Set #2 = {K, L, M, N, O, P}

What is the probability of picking a C and an M?

Detailed Solution for GMAT Focus Edition Mock test - 3 - Question 5

Whatever we pick from the first set is independent with whatever we pick from the second set, so we can use the simplified AND rule.

P(first pick = C) = 1/5

P(second pick = M) = 1/6

P(C and M) = P(C)*P(M) = (1/5)*(1/6) = 1/30

GMAT Focus Edition Mock test - 3 - Question 6

If x and y are integers and |x - y| = 12, what is the minimum possible value of xy?

Detailed Solution for GMAT Focus Edition Mock test - 3 - Question 6

x and y are integers and |x - y| = 12
Approach: Square both sides and solve.
Squaring both sides, we get (x - y)2 = 144
x2 + y2 - 2xy = 144
Add, 4xy to both sides of the equation.
x2 + y2 - 2xy + 4xy = 144 + 4xy
x2 + y2 + 2xy = 144 + 4xy
Or (x + y)2 = 144 + 4xy
(x + y)2 will NOT be negative for real values of x and y.
i.e., (x + y)2 ≥ 0
∴ 144 + 4xy ≥ 0
Or 4xy ≥ -144
So, xy ≥ -36
The least value that xy can take is -36.

GMAT Focus Edition Mock test - 3 - Question 7

If the ratio of the sum of the first 6 terms of a G.P. to the sum of the first 3 terms of the G.P. is 9, what is the common ratio of the G.P?

Detailed Solution for GMAT Focus Edition Mock test - 3 - Question 7

Step 1: Formula to find the sum of first 'n' terms of a GP

The sum of the first n terms of a G.P. is given by  where 'a' is the first term of the G.P., 'r' is the common ratio and 'n' is the number of terms in the G.P.
Therefore, the sum of the first 6 terms of the G.P will be equal to 
And sum of the first 3 terms of the G.P. will be equal to 

Step 2: Use the ratio between these two sums to find 'r'

The ratio of the sum of the first 6 terms : sum of first 3 terms = 9 : 1

Or r3 + 1 = 9
r3 = 8
r = 2

Choice C is the correct answer.

GMAT Focus Edition Mock test - 3 - Question 8

A car drives 300 miles at 30 mph, and then 300 miles at 60 miles per hour. What is the car’s average speed, in mph?

Detailed Solution for GMAT Focus Edition Mock test - 3 - Question 8

In order to figure out the average velocity, we need to know both the total distance and the total time.
From the question, we know the total distance is 600 miles.
We need to figure out the time of each leg separately.
In the first leg, T = D/R = 300/30 = 10 hr. In the second leg, T = D/R = 300/60 = 5 hours.
The total time is 10 + 5 = 15 hours.
The average velocity, total distance divided by total time, is 600/15 = 40 mph.

GMAT Focus Edition Mock test - 3 - Question 9


The dark purple region on the number line above is shown in its entirety. This region is delineated by which of the following inequalities?

Detailed Solution for GMAT Focus Edition Mock test - 3 - Question 9

Step one: find the midpoint of the region.
The midpoint, halfway between and 20 and 90, is 55.
In other words, 20 and 90 have the same distance from 55, a distance of 35.
These endpoints are not included, but the region includes all the points that have a distance from from x = 55 that is less than 35.
Translating that into math, we get the following:

|x – 55| < 35

GMAT Focus Edition Mock test - 3 - Question 10

The profits of QRS company rose 10% from March to April, then dropped 20% from April to May, then rose 50% from May to June. What was the percent increase for the whole quarter, from March to June?

Detailed Solution for GMAT Focus Edition Mock test - 3 - Question 10

Given the foregoing discussion, it may be obvious now the trap-mistake answer is (C), which results from simply adding and subtracting the percents.
We need multipliers.

multiplier for a 10% increases = 1 + 0.10 = 1.1

multiplier for a 20% decreases = 1 – 0.20 = 0.8

multiplier for a 50% increases = 1 + 0.50 = 1.5

Now, multiply these. First, multiply (0.8) and (1.5), using the doubling & halving trick. Half of 0.80 is 0.40, and twice 1.5 is 3

(0.8) * (1.5) = (0.4) * (3) = 1.2

Now, multiply this by 1.1

1.2 * 1.1 = 1.32

Thus, the three percent changes combined produce a 32% increase. Answer = (B).

GMAT Focus Edition Mock test - 3 - Question 11

A certain school has three performing arts extracurricular activities: Band, Chorus, or Drama. Students must participate in at least one, and may participate in two or even in all three. There are 120 students in the school. There are 70 students in Band, 73 in the Chorus, and 45 in the Drama. Furthermore, 37 students are in both the Band and Chorus, 20 are in both the Band and the Drama, and 8 students are in all three groups. Twenty-five students are just in the chorus, not in anything else. How many students participate in only the drama?

Detailed Solution for GMAT Focus Edition Mock test - 3 - Question 11

Here, we have three categories, so we need three circles. Every student must take at least one of these three performing arts extracurricular activities, so there will be no one outside the three circles.

The sum of all seven = 120 (we never use this number in this question)

The totals for the band (70), the chorus (73), and the drama (45) each involve the sum of four discrete regions.  We will have to find other information before we can employ them.

“8 students are in all three groups”

N = 8.

“37 students are in both the Band and Chorus”

37 = K + N = K + 8 —> K = 29

“20 are in both the Band and the Drama”

20 = M + N = M + 8  —> M = 12

“twenty-five students are just in the chorus, not in anything else”

L = 25

We now have identified three of the regions in the Chorus circle, so we can solve for P.

chorus = 73 = K + L + N + P

73 = 29 + 25 + 8 + P

P = 11

Now, we have identified three of the regions in the Drama circle, so we can solve for Q.

drama = 45 = M + N + P + Q

45 = 12 + 8 + 11 + Q

Q = 14

This is precisely what the question was asking: how many students are only in drama? There are 14 students who take only drama.

Answer = C

GMAT Focus Edition Mock test - 3 - Question 12


What is the largest integral value of m such that the quadratic equation x2 – 10x + m will have two unique solutions?

Detailed Solution for GMAT Focus Edition Mock test - 3 - Question 12

This question is made for the discriminant! You won’t have to guess and check if you know how to use the formula appropriately. To find D, plug in the following to the formula:

a = 1
b = −10
c = m
D = b2 – 4ac
D= (−10)− 4(1)(m) = 100 – 4m

Now, we know that we’re looking for two real solutions, so we want D = 100 – 4m > 0.

100 – 4m > 0 ⟹ 100 > 4m ⟹ 25 > m

So, we get m < 25. Be careful NOT to choose 25 as your answer! The largest integer that is less than 25 would be 24.

GMAT Focus Edition Mock test - 3 - Question 13

Three positive integers a, b, and c are such that their average is 20 and a ≤ b ≤ c. If the median is (a + 11), what is the least possible value of c?

Detailed Solution for GMAT Focus Edition Mock test - 3 - Question 13

Key Data from the Question Stem:

  1. a ≤ b ≤ c
  2. a, b, and c are positive integers.
  3. Average of the three integers = 20
  4. Sum of all the three integers = 60
  5. Median = b = a + 11

Check for the possible values of c

Theoretically, the least value of c is when c = b.
Therefore, a + (a + 11) + (a + 11) = 60 (b and c are equal and b, the median, is a + 11)
Or 3a = 38 or a = 12.66
So, b = c = 12.66 + 11 = 23.66

However, we know that these numbers are all integers.
Therefore, a, b, and c cannot take these values.
So, the least value for c with this constraint is NOT likely to be when c = b.

Let us increment c by 1. Let c = (b + 1)
In this scenario, a + (a + 11) + (a + 12) = 60
Or 3a = 37. The value of the numbers is not an integer in this scenario as well.

Let us increment c again by 1. i.e., c = b + 2
Now, a + (a + 11) + (a + 13) = 60
Or 3a = 36 or a = 12.
If a = 12, b = 23 and c = 25.
The least value for c that satisfies all these conditions is 25.

Choice C is the correct answer.

GMAT Focus Edition Mock test - 3 - Question 14

There are two sets of letters, and you are going to pick exactly one letter from each set.

Set #1 = {A, B, C, D, E}

Set #2 = {K, L, M, N, O, P}

What is the probability of picking a C or an M?

Detailed Solution for GMAT Focus Edition Mock test - 3 - Question 14

Picking an M is not disjoint with picking a C — they both could happen on the same round of the game. We have to use the generalized OR rule for this:

P(C or M) = P(C) + P(M) – P(C and M)

GMAT Focus Edition Mock test - 3 - Question 15

How many four-digit positive integers exist that contain the block 25 and are divisible by 75. (2250 and 2025 are two such numbers)?

Detailed Solution for GMAT Focus Edition Mock test - 3 - Question 15

What will be the form of such 4-digit numbers?

The 4-digit numbers should contain the block 25.
The required 4-digit numbers will be of the form:
a. 25_ _
b. _ 25 _
c. _ _ 25

What is the test of divisibility by 75?

If a number is divisible by 75, then it will be divisible by 25 and 3.

Count the number of 4-digit numbers for three possiblities

a. Numbers of the form 25 _ _ that are divisible by 75
A number of the form 25_ _ is divisible by 25 if its rightmost 2 digits are 00, 25, 50, or 75.

Check which of these numbers are also multiples of 3
Only one number, 2550 satisfies the condition.

b. Numbers of the form _ 25 _ that are divisible by 75
A number of the form _ 25 _ is divisible by 25 if its unit digit is 0.
The 4-digit number will be of the form _ 250

What options exist for the left most digit so that the number is also divisible by 3?
The sum of the right most 3 digits of the number = 2 + 5 + 0 = 7.
If the first digit is 2 or 5 or 8, the sum of the 4 digits will be divisible by 3.
There are three 4-digit numbers that match the form _ 25 _ and are divisible by 75.

c. Numbers of the form _ _ 25 that are divisible by 75
All numbesr of the form _ _ 25 is divisible by 25.

What options exist for the first 2 digits so that the number is also divisible by 3?
We already have a 2 and 5 whose sum is 7. 7 is a multiple of 3 plus 1.
We have a (3k + 1) with us. If we add a (3m + 2), the sum will be 3(k + m) + 1 + 2 = 3(k + m) + 3, which is divisible by 3.
The least 2 digit number that is of the form (3m + 2) is 11.
For example, if 11 takes the 1st 2 places, the number is divisible by 3

11 is not the only such number.
All 2-digit numbers of the form (3m + 2) will work

How many are there? The largest 2-digit number that is of the form 3m + 2 is 98.
And all of these numbers are in arithmetic progression with a common difference of 3
So, apply the arithmetic progression formula to compute the nth term: 98 = 11 + (n - 1)3
3(n - 1) = 87
(n - 1) = 29
Or n = 30
30 such 4-digit numbers exist

Add the count of all three possiblities

1 + 3 + 30 = 34
34 such 4-digit numbers exist

Choice C is the correct answer.

GMAT Focus Edition Mock test - 3 - Question 16

A car drives for 3 hours at 40 mph and then drives 300 miles at 60 mph. What is the car’s average speed, in mph?

Detailed Solution for GMAT Focus Edition Mock test - 3 - Question 16

In the first leg, we know time and rate, so find distance: D = RT = (3)*(40) = 120 miles.
In the second leg, we know distance and rate, so find time: T = R/D = 300/60 = 5 hours.
Total distance = 120 + 300 = 420 miles. Total time = 3 + 5 = 8.
Average velocity = 420/8 = 210/4 = 105/2 = 52.5 mph.

GMAT Focus Edition Mock test - 3 - Question 17


If |x| < 20 and |x – 8| > |x + 4|, which of the following expresses the allowable range for x?

Detailed Solution for GMAT Focus Edition Mock test - 3 - Question 17

Some folks might think this involves a sophisticated calculation, but much of this can be done with simple spatial analysis. Look at the second inequality, the more complicated one: |x – 8| > |x + 4|. All this says is that we are looking for points such that the distance to x = 8 is greater than the distance from x = –4; in other words, we want all the points that are closer to x = –4 and farther from x = 8.

The midpoint between x = –4 and x = 8 is the point x = 2. This point is not included because it’s equidistant from both points, but everything to the left of this point on the number line is closer to x = –4 than it is to x = 8. That entire complicated inequality simplifies to x < 2.

Combine that with the first inequality, |x| < 20, which in the negative realm means that x must be greater than –20. Thus, the allowed region is –20 < x < 2.

Answer = (B)

GMAT Focus Edition Mock test - 3 - Question 18

In a certain game, you pick a card from a standard deck of 52 cards. If the card is a heart, you win. If the card is not a heart, the person replaces the card to the deck, reshuffles, and draws again. The person keeps repeating that process until he picks a heart, and the point is to measure: how many draws did it take before the person picked a heart and won? What is the probability that one will have at least three draws before one picks a heart?

Detailed Solution for GMAT Focus Edition Mock test - 3 - Question 18

A full deck of 52 cards contains 13 cards from each of the four suits. The probability of drawing a heart from a full deck is 1/4.  Therefore, the probability of “not heart” is 3/4.

P(at least three draws to win) = 1 – P(win in two or fewer draws)

Furthermore,

P(win in two or fewer draws) = P(win in one draw OR win in two draws)

= P(win in one draw) + P(win in two draws)

Winning in one draw means: I select one card from a full deck, and it turns out to be a heart. Above, we already said: the probability of this is 1/4.

P(win in one draw) = 1/4

Winning in two draws means: my first draw is “not heart”, P = 3/4, AND the second draw is a heart, P = 1/4. Because we replace and re-shuffle, the draws are independent, so the AND means multiply.

P(win in two draws) = (3/4) * (1/4) = 3/16

P(win in two or fewer draws) = P(win in one draw) + P(win in two draws)

= 1/4 + 3/16 = 7/16

P(at least three draws to win) = 1 – P(win in two or fewer draws)

= 1 – 7/16 = 9/16

Answer = B

GMAT Focus Edition Mock test - 3 - Question 19

Bert and Rebecca were looking at the price of a condominium.  The price of the condominium was 80% more than Bert had in savings, and separately, the same price was also 20% more than Rebecca had in savings.  What is the ratio of what Bert has in savings to what Rebecca has in savings.

Detailed Solution for GMAT Focus Edition Mock test - 3 - Question 19

The trap answer here would be to take the ratio of 80% and 20% — those don’t represent actually amounts that other person has, just the differences between amounts owned and the cost of the condo.  Think of this in terms of multipliers.  Use the variables:

B = amount Bert has in savings

R = amount Rebecca has in savings

P = price of the condominium

Then in terms of multipliers, the information given tells us that P = 1.8 * B, and P = 1.2 * R. Set these equal.

1.8 * B = 1.2 * R

GMAT Focus Edition Mock test - 3 - Question 20

There are two sets of letters, and you are going to pick exactly one letter from each set.
Set #1 = {A, B, C, D, E}
Set #2 = {K, L, M, N, O, P}

There are these two sets of letters, and you are going to pick exactly one letter from each set.  What is the probability of picking at least one vowel?

Detailed Solution for GMAT Focus Edition Mock test - 3 - Question 20

P(at least one vowel) = 1 – P(no vowels)

The probability of picking no vowel from the first set is 3/5. The probability of picking no vowel from the second set is 5/6. In order to get no vowels at all, we need no vowels from the first set AND no vowels from the second set. According to the AND rule, we multiply those probabilities.

P(no vowels) = (3/5) * (5/6) = 1/2

P(at least one vowel) = 1 – P(no vowels) = 1 – 1/2 = 1/2

Answer = C

GMAT Focus Edition Mock test - 3 - Question 21

Susan invited 13 of her friends for her birthday party and created return gift hampers comprising one each of $3, $4, and $5 gift certificates. One of her friends did not turn up and Susan decided to rework her gift hampers such that each of the 12 friends who turned up got $13 worth gift certificates. How many gift hampers did not contain $5 gift certificates in the new configuration?

Detailed Solution for GMAT Focus Edition Mock test - 3 - Question 21

Key Data:

Total dollar value of all gift certificates in the initial configuration : 13 hampers × 12 dollars = $156
Total dollar value of all gift certificates in the new configuration = 12 hampers × 13 dollars = $156
No change in total value of gift certificates.

Susan started with 13 hampers.
So, she has 13 of $3, 13 of $4, and 13 of $5 certificates.

Key Question: What are the possible combination of certificates in the new hampers?

In the new configuration, $13 can be achieved as follows: {3, 3, 3, 4}, {4, 4, 5}, and {5, 5, 3}
The hampers that contain the configuration {3, 3, 3, 4} will not have $5 certificates.

Assign Variables and Frame Linear Equations

Let Susan make x hampers of {3, 3, 3, 4}, y hampers of {4, 4, 5}, and z hampers of {5, 5, 3}.
The answer to ‘x’ is the answer to the question.

Number of $3 certificates will be 3x + z = 13 ....(1)
Number of $4 certificates will be x + 2y = 13 ....(2)
Number of $5 certificates will be y + 2z = 13 ....(3)

Solve the 3 Equations

Multiply (3) by 2: 2y + 4z = 26
Subtract (2) from (3) × 2
2y + 4z = 26
-x - 2y = -13
------------------
4z – x = 13 ....(4)
------------------

Multiply (1) by 4: 12x + 4z = 52
Subtract (4) and (1) × 4
12x + 4z = 52
-4z + x = -13
----------------
13x = 39
-----------------
Or x = 3

'x' is the number of gift hampers without $5 certificates.
As x = 3, three gift hampers did not contain $5 gift certificates.

Choice D is the correct answer.

GMAT Focus Edition Mock test - 3 - Question 22

Students from outside the province of Merryweather, who in any given academic year pay twice as much tuition each as do students from within Merryweather, had traditionally accounted for at least two-thirds of the enrollment at Central Merryweather College. Over the past 10 years academic standards at the college have risen, and the proportion of students who are not from Merryweather has dropped to around 40%.

Q. Which one of the following reasonably be inferred from the statements above?

Detailed Solution for GMAT Focus Edition Mock test - 3 - Question 22

Since we cannot say what was responsible for the increased academic standards, we can rule out any attempt to explain it. It could be that more residents of Merryweather began to attend the school, as opposed to a reduction in those from outside Merryweather, or vice versa, so avoid explanations as to why the population decreased.
The only thing we can infer from the information given is that there could be tuition increases if per capita revenue remained the same: Say students not from Merryweather used to account for 66% and were paying, for example, $100,000 in total for tuition, if they now account for 40%, they must pay a higher tuition to maintain a stable per capita revenue.

GMAT Focus Edition Mock test - 3 - Question 23

According to an article in a nutritional magazine, eating beets significantly lowers the risk of cancer. The article refers to a study that found that people who consumed one or more beets per day were half as likely to be diagnosed with cancer as people who did not.

Q. Which of the following, if true, most weakens the argument in the magazine article?

Detailed Solution for GMAT Focus Edition Mock test - 3 - Question 23

Because study participants who ate beets were also more likely to exercise regularly than those who did not eat beets, it is impossible to determine whether beets or regular exercise were more influential in preventing cancer. Thus this is the correct answer.

GMAT Focus Edition Mock test - 3 - Question 24

Thousands of people contract tonsillitis every year, and yet all go on to live normal lives after the operation. We can conclude, from this observation, that the tonsils have no function in the body.

Q. The argument would be most weakened by which of the following, if it were true?

Detailed Solution for GMAT Focus Edition Mock test - 3 - Question 24

The conclusion states that the tonsils have no function in the body. To weaken this conclusion, we should try to show that the tonsils do in fact have a function, at least at some point in human life. Comparison with another organ is not really useful, as they might be very different from tonsils, and what happens in other animals is also not directly relevant. And discussing where the tonsils develop has nothing to do with their function. Finally, though an organ might develop as part of a system and yet have no function (like the appendix or muscles that wiggle the ear), the only answer left suggests there is a function even though this function can be taken over by another part of the body. This suggestion most weakens the argument posed above.

GMAT Focus Edition Mock test - 3 - Question 25

Two students were given practice exams. One exam ordered the questions from hardest to easiest, while the other exam ordered the questions from easiest to hardest. The student who took the test with questions ordered hardest to easiest performed more poorly than the other student. Therefore, tests that ordered hardest to easiest will cause a student to perform more poorly.

Q. This argument is most vulnerable to criticism if which of the following statements is true?

Detailed Solution for GMAT Focus Edition Mock test - 3 - Question 25

The conclusion of this argument is that when questions are ordered hardest to easiest, students perform more poorly on them. In order to refute this causal assertion, another source of the poor performance must be introduced. The fact that the student who performed more poorly has a lower grade point average than the other student is a significant intervening cause, and therefore the correct answer.

GMAT Focus Edition Mock test - 3 - Question 26

Passage

In the bustling world of technology, a recent exposé titled "Tech Titans and their Ties" has shed light on the intricate relationships between major Silicon Valley players and the startup ecosystem. The author, Jane Anderson, delves into the alliances, partnerships, and financial dealings that shape the landscape of innovation and entrepreneurship.

The exposé begins by highlighting the symbiotic nature of these relationships, emphasizing how established tech giants often invest in or acquire promising startups to stay at the forefront of innovation. Anderson contends that this synergy not only fuels technological advancements but also strategically positions the larger companies as key players in emerging markets.

However, the author doesn't shy away from the darker side of these collaborations. Anderson points out that some tech titans exploit their financial muscle to stifle competition, acquiring startups merely to eliminate potential rivals rather than fostering genuine innovation. The cutthroat tactics employed by these industry behemoths, she argues, can stifle creativity and limit the diversity of ideas in the tech ecosystem.

The exposé then takes a historical turn, drawing parallels between the current state of the tech industry and the corporate landscape of the early 20th century. Anderson suggests that just as monopolies were scrutinized and regulated in the past, there is a growing need for modern antitrust measures to curb the concentration of power within the tech sector. She argues that such regulations are essential to ensure a level playing field for startups and prevent the formation of digital monopolies that could stifle healthy competition.

Q. Which of the following would be the most appropriate title for the passage?

Detailed Solution for GMAT Focus Edition Mock test - 3 - Question 26

The title should capture the overall theme and content of the passage. The passage discusses the relationships between major tech players and startups, covering both the positive aspects of innovation alliances and the potential downsides. Option B, "Innovation Alliances: Tech Titans Unveiled," accurately reflects this dual perspective, making it the most appropriate title.

Option A is too focused on startups and does not encompass the broader scope of the passage. Option C focuses on the negative aspects only, overlooking the positive collaborations discussed in the passage. Option D is specific to one aspect (antitrust measures) and doesn't capture the overall theme. Option E introduces the idea of a balancing act but doesn't cover the range of topics discussed in the passage.

GMAT Focus Edition Mock test - 3 - Question 27

Passage

In the bustling world of technology, a recent exposé titled "Tech Titans and their Ties" has shed light on the intricate relationships between major Silicon Valley players and the startup ecosystem. The author, Jane Anderson, delves into the alliances, partnerships, and financial dealings that shape the landscape of innovation and entrepreneurship.

The exposé begins by highlighting the symbiotic nature of these relationships, emphasizing how established tech giants often invest in or acquire promising startups to stay at the forefront of innovation. Anderson contends that this synergy not only fuels technological advancements but also strategically positions the larger companies as key players in emerging markets.

However, the author doesn't shy away from the darker side of these collaborations. Anderson points out that some tech titans exploit their financial muscle to stifle competition, acquiring startups merely to eliminate potential rivals rather than fostering genuine innovation. The cutthroat tactics employed by these industry behemoths, she argues, can stifle creativity and limit the diversity of ideas in the tech ecosystem.

The exposé then takes a historical turn, drawing parallels between the current state of the tech industry and the corporate landscape of the early 20th century. Anderson suggests that just as monopolies were scrutinized and regulated in the past, there is a growing need for modern antitrust measures to curb the concentration of power within the tech sector. She argues that such regulations are essential to ensure a level playing field for startups and prevent the formation of digital monopolies that could stifle healthy competition.

Q. It can be inferred from the passage that the author, Jane Anderson, would be most likely to agree with which of the following statements regarding tech collaborations?

Detailed Solution for GMAT Focus Edition Mock test - 3 - Question 27

To infer the author's viewpoint, we need to examine the passage for clues. The passage discusses both the positive aspects of tech collaborations, such as fostering innovation, and the negative aspects, including the potential exploitation of startups. Option B, stating that collaborations lead to a more diverse tech ecosystem, aligns with the positive aspects discussed in the passage.

Option A reflects a negative viewpoint, and the passage suggests that acquisitions for the sole purpose of eliminating competition are detrimental. Option C is not supported by the passage, which advocates for antitrust measures to prevent concentration of power. Option D contradicts the passage's call for modern antitrust measures. Option E aligns with the passage's discussion on the negative impact of exploitative tactics.

GMAT Focus Edition Mock test - 3 - Question 28

Passage

In the bustling world of technology, a recent exposé titled "Tech Titans and their Ties" has shed light on the intricate relationships between major Silicon Valley players and the startup ecosystem. The author, Jane Anderson, delves into the alliances, partnerships, and financial dealings that shape the landscape of innovation and entrepreneurship.

The exposé begins by highlighting the symbiotic nature of these relationships, emphasizing how established tech giants often invest in or acquire promising startups to stay at the forefront of innovation. Anderson contends that this synergy not only fuels technological advancements but also strategically positions the larger companies as key players in emerging markets.

However, the author doesn't shy away from the darker side of these collaborations. Anderson points out that some tech titans exploit their financial muscle to stifle competition, acquiring startups merely to eliminate potential rivals rather than fostering genuine innovation. The cutthroat tactics employed by these industry behemoths, she argues, can stifle creativity and limit the diversity of ideas in the tech ecosystem.

The exposé then takes a historical turn, drawing parallels between the current state of the tech industry and the corporate landscape of the early 20th century. Anderson suggests that just as monopolies were scrutinized and regulated in the past, there is a growing need for modern antitrust measures to curb the concentration of power within the tech sector. She argues that such regulations are essential to ensure a level playing field for startups and prevent the formation of digital monopolies that could stifle healthy competition.

Q. The passage supplies information for answering which of the following questions?

Detailed Solution for GMAT Focus Edition Mock test - 3 - Question 28

To identify the question answered by the passage, we must refer to the information provided. The passage discusses a comparison between the current state of the tech industry and the corporate landscape of the early 20th century, suggesting a need for modern antitrust measures. Therefore, the correct answer is option A.
Options B and C are not addressed in the passage, as it focuses more on the relationships between tech giants and startups, rather than specific tactics or recent acquisitions. Option D is addressed in the passage, as it discusses the need for antitrust measures to prevent the concentration of power in the tech sector. Option E is not covered in the passage; it goes beyond the scope of the information provided.

GMAT Focus Edition Mock test - 3 - Question 29

Eggplants are always purple. John bought a purple vegetable. Therefore, it was an eggplant. 

Q. Which of the following arguments contains reasoning most similar to the flawed reasoning in the above argument?

Detailed Solution for GMAT Focus Edition Mock test - 3 - Question 29

In this argument, the flaw is framed in the following way:

X is always Y. A is Y. Therefore, A is X.

(Just because X is always Y does NOT mean that Y is always X.)

The flawed argument is therefore most like:

Except for 2, prime numbers are always odd. The number 13 is odd. Therefore, it is prime. 

Here

x = prime numbers

Y = odd

A = 13

The structure of this argument is the same as the structure argument in:

Eggplants are always purple. John bought a purple vegetable. Therefore, it was an eggplant. 

X= eggplants

Y = purple

A = purple vegetable

GMAT Focus Edition Mock test - 3 - Question 30

Advertisement: Coma Cola is the best-tasting cola on the market and we conducted a test using over 1000 cola consumers to prove it. Each consumer was given two identical cups filled with a carbonated beverage from the same fountain. One cup was filled with Coma Cola and the other was filled with unadulterated soda water. Ninety-nine percent of the consumers preferred the Coma Cola. So, Coma Cola is the best tasting cola available.

Q. The advertisement’s reasoning is most vulnerable to criticism on the grounds that it fails to consider whether ___________________

Detailed Solution for GMAT Focus Edition Mock test - 3 - Question 30

The advertisement's claim, that Coma Cola is the best tasting cola, is based on 99% percent of cola consumers choosing it over soda water. The flaw in the experimental setup is that just because a consumer chooses Coma Cola over soda water, it does not mean that she will choose Coma Cola over any other cola, let alone over all other colas. 

The correct answer recognizes that, in order to validly make such a claim, one would have to show a preference for Coma Cola over other colas, not over soda water (or even over other flavored soft drinks, as one of the incorrect answer choices indicates).

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