Agriculture: CUET Mock Test - 3 - CUET Humanities MCQ

Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is one of the most contagious diseases of animals. Aphthovirus is a causal organism of foot and mouth disease.

• Macronutrients: They are required by humans/plants in large quantities, e.g. C, H, O, N, P, S, etc.
• Ca, Na, Mg, K are known as macrominerals.
• The other options, iron, chlorine and copper are micronutrients, which are required in lesser quantities for the growth and development of plants.

Fatty acid molecules containing one or more double bonds (— HC = CH—) are called unsaturated fatty acids.
All organic compound having double or triple bonds between the carbon atoms are categorized as unsaturated.

Clean cultivation is often recommended as a way to eliminate shelter and/or overwintering sites for pest populations. Simply tilling or ploughing a corn field before winter may disrupt a pest's life-cycle by causing mechanical injury, by increasing exposure to lethal cold temperatures, by intensifying predation by birds or small mammals, or by burying the pests deep beneath the soil surface. Populations of corn earworms and European corn borers have been greatly reduced in recent years by community-wide efforts to plough under corn stubble after harvest.

The soil requirement for cabbage is almost same as that of cauliflower. On heavy soils, the plant grows slowly and the keeping quality is improved because of compactness. Most cabbages are somewhat tolerant to salt. It can withstand extreme cold and frost better than cauliflower.

The centromere of each chromosome divides into two so that there is one centromere for each chromatid in Anaphase II. It is the stage when sister chromatids of every chromosome separate and begin to move towards the opposite ends of the cell. The separation and the movement is due to the shortening of the kinetochore microtubules. Anaphase II precedes telophase II.

A combine harvester can do both harvesting and threshing. It cannot be used for storage. The modern combine harvester, or simply combine, is a versatile machine designed to efficiently harvest a variety of grain crops. The name comes from it combining three separate harvesting operations — reaping, threshing, and winnowing — into a single process.

The first step is the preparation of soil, then the seeds are sown in the soil, then the land is irrigated with water. Now, manure and fertilizers are added in the soil. The last step is harvesting, in which the ready crop is harvested.

Mycelia are a root-like structure of a fungus consisting of a mass of branching, thread-like hyphae.

Carbohydrates consist of the elements carbon (C), hydrogen (H), and oxygen (O) with the ratio of hydrogen being twice as that of carbon and oxygen. Carbohydrates include sugars, starches, and cellulose.

• Intercropping - Growing of two or more crops simultaneously in a fixed pattern is known as inter-cropping. A few rows of one crop and then a few rows of another crop are grown.
• Mixed cropping - It simply means growing two or more crops simultaneously on the same piece of land. Example: Growing a leguminous crop with a non-leguminous crop. Therefore, if the non-leguminous crop cannot take nitrogen from the soil, the other leguminous crop consumes it as it can take nitrogen available in the soil. Example: Wheat (non-leguminous crop) + gram (leguminous crop) or wheat (non-leguminous crop) + mustard (leguminous crop).
• Crop rotation - This is a practice of growing a series of dissimilar crops in the same area in sequential seasons for various benefits to avoid build up of pathogens or pests that often occurs when one type of species is continuously cropped.

Number 7 on the pH scale represents the neutrality of a solution. Numbers less than 7, i.e.,pH 6, 5, 4, 3 indicate that acidic nature is increasing as the numbers decrease.

Frozen semen is stored in liquid nitrogen at - 196°C or in liquid nitrogen vapour at - 180°C.

Water is needed mainly to meet the demands of evaporation (E), transpiration (T) and metabolic needs of the plants, all together is known as consumptive use (CU).

The broader classification of the agricultural crops on the basis of their economical use is described as under:

• Cereal crops: Rice, wheat, maize, sorghum.
• Pulse crops: Pigeonpea, urdbean, mungbean, kidneybean, cowpea, chickpea, lentil, pea, etc.
• Oilseed crops: Soybean, rapeseed and mustard, groundnut, sunflower, sesame, safflower, etc.
• Fodder crops: Berseem, red clover, lucerne, etc.
• Fibre crops: Cotton, jute, mesta, etc.
• Commercial crops: Sugarcane, tea, coffee, etc.

Following features demonstrate horticulture's importance:
(a) Horticulture crops are a source of variability in farm produce and diets.
(b) They are a source of nutrients, vitamins, minerals, flavour, aroma, dietary fibres, etc.
(c) They contain health benefiting compounds and medicines.
(d) These crops have aesthetic value and protect the environment.
(e) The crops are useful for cultivation in wasteland or poor quality soil.

In baking a mixture of flour (atta or maida), some fat, salt and water are required to make dough; the starch of the flour gets converted into sugar. When yeast is added, it ferments the sugar and produces carbon dioxide, and the dough rises (leavening) to about three times its original volume.

Weeds are unwanted plants which grow in gardens, lawns etc. Weeds are undesirable and some weeds create nuisance because they have thorns and prickles while some release chemicals which are toxic and cause skin irritation. If eaten, they can be hazardous. They crowd out and restrict light from reaching more desired crops. They also take away the nutrients available for the desired crops in the soil.
Therefore, weeds should be removed from the crop field as early as possible because weeds compete with the main crop for their survival.

Ratna is a hybrid variety of rice which has been developed in India.

• Sonalika is a variety of wheat.
• Pusa Swarnim is a variety of Brassica.
• Pusa Sadabahar is a variety of chilli.

Farmer C will have the maximum benefits as he takes all steps required for a good crop yield. He uses high quality seeds, adopts modern irrigation methods, uses fertilisers and takes crop protection measures.

Two amino acids have acidic side chains at neutral pH. These are aspartic acid or aspartate (Asp) and glutamic acid or glutamate (Glu).
Glycine, valine and leucine are neutral amino acids.

Paramecium is a genus of unicellular ciliated protozoa. They are characterized by the presence of thousands of cilia covering their body. They are found in freshwater, marine and brackish water. They are also found attached to the surface.

Only Statement A is correct, according to the question. Crops are poisoned by weeds. Weeds are parasitic on crops, and as a result, they will entirely destroy the agricultural plant. There are, however, weed control agents that can be used to prevent weed seeds from germinating or to kill weeds once they have grown up. Hand weeding should be done twice in three to four weeks after seeding and five to six weeks after sowing.

Option (c) and (d) are incorrect. The correct statements are:
In clayey soils, the large quantities of organic matter in the manure help in drainage and in avoiding water logging. Manure is prepared by the decomposition of animal excreta and plant waste. So, its use does not pollute the environment.

Vitamin D is called the sunshine vitamin. This is because vitamin D is produced by the body in response to sun exposure.

Organic farming doesn't include any chemical fertilisers. Organic farming comprises all natural and organic practices that help in sustainable growth of crops and environment.

The primary aim of white revolution was to make India a self-dependent country in milk production. This movement helped to increase the productivity of milk in the country which was then sold at competitive market prices. Operation Flood is the program that led to White Revolution. It created a national milk grid linking producers throughout India to consumers in over 700 towns and cities and reducing seasonal and regional price variations while ensuring that producers get a major share of the profit by eliminating the middlemen. At the bedrock of Operation Flood stands the village milk producers' co-operatives, which procure milk and provide inputs and services, making modern management and technology available to all the members.

The correct order is:

In agriculture, broadcast seeding is a method of seeding that involves scattering seed, by hand or mechanically, over a relatively large area. Broadcast seeding is of particular use in establishing dense plant spacing, as for cover crops and lawns. In comparison to traditional drill planting, broadcast seeding will require 10–20% more seed. It's simpler, faster, and easier than traditional row sowing. Broadcast seeding works best for plants that do not require singular spacing or that are more easily thinned later.