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Test: Causes of Earthquakes & Volcanoes - Year 11 MCQ


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15 Questions MCQ Test - Test: Causes of Earthquakes & Volcanoes

Test: Causes of Earthquakes & Volcanoes for Year 11 2024 is part of Year 11 preparation. The Test: Causes of Earthquakes & Volcanoes questions and answers have been prepared according to the Year 11 exam syllabus.The Test: Causes of Earthquakes & Volcanoes MCQs are made for Year 11 2024 Exam. Find important definitions, questions, notes, meanings, examples, exercises, MCQs and online tests for Test: Causes of Earthquakes & Volcanoes below.
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Test: Causes of Earthquakes & Volcanoes - Question 1
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What is the main component of the Earth's inner core?

Detailed Solution for Test: Causes of Earthquakes & Volcanoes - Question 1
The Earth's inner core is primarily composed of iron and nickel. This solid and dense layer at the center of the Earth reaches extremely high temperatures, around 5500°C. The presence of iron and nickel in the inner core contributes significantly to the Earth's magnetic field.
Test: Causes of Earthquakes & Volcanoes - Question 2
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Which layer of the Earth is semi-molten and surrounds the inner core?

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The outer core of the Earth is a semi-molten metal layer that surrounds the solid inner core. With temperatures ranging between 5000-5500°C, the outer core is responsible for generating the Earth's magnetic field through the movement of molten iron and nickel.
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Test: Causes of Earthquakes & Volcanoes - Question 3
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What distinguishes oceanic crust from continental crust in terms of density and age?

Detailed Solution for Test: Causes of Earthquakes & Volcanoes - Question 3
Oceanic crust is denser and younger compared to continental crust. This difference in density and age is a result of the continuous formation and destruction of oceanic crust due to the process of plate tectonics. The oceanic crust is constantly being created at mid-ocean ridges and destroyed at subduction zones.
Test: Causes of Earthquakes & Volcanoes - Question 4
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What type of plate boundary involves plates moving apart, creating new crust?
Detailed Solution for Test: Causes of Earthquakes & Volcanoes - Question 4
Divergent Boundaries, also known as Constructive Boundaries, involve plates moving apart from each other, leading to the creation of new crust. This process occurs along mid-ocean ridges where magma rises up and solidifies, forming new crust. An interesting fact is that the Mid-Atlantic Ridge is a classic example of a divergent boundary where new oceanic crust is continuously being created as the Eurasian Plate and North American Plate move away from each other.
Test: Causes of Earthquakes & Volcanoes - Question 5
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Which type of plate boundary involves plates sliding past each other horizontally?
Detailed Solution for Test: Causes of Earthquakes & Volcanoes - Question 5
Transform Boundaries, also known as Conservative Boundaries, involve plates sliding past each other horizontally. This lateral movement can cause earthquakes as the plates grind against each other. The San Andreas Fault in California is a well-known example of a transform boundary. An interesting fact is that the movement along transform boundaries is not smooth but rather occurs in sudden jerks, leading to seismic activity.
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What type of plate boundary involves plates crashing into each other, forming extensive mountain ranges?
Detailed Solution for Test: Causes of Earthquakes & Volcanoes - Question 6
Collision Boundaries occur when plates crash into each other, leading to the formation of extensive mountain ranges. The collision results in intense folding and uplift of the Earth's crust, creating large mountain systems like the Alps or the Rockies. An interesting fact is that the collision boundaries are associated with significant geological events, shaping the landscape over millions of years.
Test: Causes of Earthquakes & Volcanoes - Question 7
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What hazard is primarily associated with a transform (conservative) plate boundary?
Detailed Solution for Test: Causes of Earthquakes & Volcanoes - Question 7
Transform (conservative) plate boundaries are primarily associated with earthquakes. These boundaries occur where plates slide past each other in opposite or different speeds, causing a build-up of stress and leading to sudden releases of energy in the form of seismic waves. One well-known example of a transform boundary is the San Andreas Fault in California, USA. Earthquakes at transform boundaries can vary in magnitude and can have significant impacts on nearby populations and infrastructure.
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At which type of plate boundary do plates collide, often resulting in subduction or mountain formation?
Detailed Solution for Test: Causes of Earthquakes & Volcanoes - Question 8
Convergent Boundaries, also known as Destructive Boundaries, are where plates collide. This collision can lead to subduction, where one plate is forced beneath the other, or the formation of mountain ranges due to the intense pressure and folding of the Earth's crust. An interesting fact is that the Himalayas, the tallest mountain range on Earth, were formed by the collision of the Indian Plate with the Eurasian Plate.
Test: Causes of Earthquakes & Volcanoes - Question 9
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What type of volcanoes are typically formed at divergent (constructive) plate boundaries, and what are their characteristic features?
Detailed Solution for Test: Causes of Earthquakes & Volcanoes - Question 9
At divergent (constructive) plate boundaries, shield volcanoes are typically formed. These volcanoes are characterized by gently sloping sides due to the low viscosity of the lava that flows out during eruptions. Shield volcanoes are known for their relatively calm eruptions compared to other types of volcanoes, creating broad, shield-like structures over time.
Test: Causes of Earthquakes & Volcanoes - Question 10
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What type of volcanic eruptions are commonly associated with volcanoes formed at destructive plate boundaries, and what kind of landforms do these eruptions typically create?
Detailed Solution for Test: Causes of Earthquakes & Volcanoes - Question 10
Volcanic eruptions at destructive plate boundaries are typically explosive in nature due to the high viscosity of the lava. These explosive eruptions often lead to the formation of stratovolcanoes, also known as composite volcanoes, characterized by their steep slopes and alternating layers of lava flows, ash, and volcanic rocks.
Test: Causes of Earthquakes & Volcanoes - Question 11
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What geological process leads to the formation of a volcano where oceanic and continental plates collide?
Detailed Solution for Test: Causes of Earthquakes & Volcanoes - Question 11
When the denser oceanic plate descends beneath the lighter continental plate through subduction, the friction generated causes the plate material to melt and form magma. This magma ultimately leads to the formation of a volcano when it ascends to the surface through fissures in the crust.
Test: Causes of Earthquakes & Volcanoes - Question 12
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What geological process occurs at destructive (convergent) plate boundaries, leading to the formation of volcanoes in those regions?
Detailed Solution for Test: Causes of Earthquakes & Volcanoes - Question 12
At destructive (convergent) plate boundaries, the process of subduction takes place where the denser oceanic plate descends beneath the lighter continental plate. This subduction process results in the melting of plate material due to heat generated by friction. The melted material rises as magma, leading to volcanic activity in these regions.
Test: Causes of Earthquakes & Volcanoes - Question 13
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Why do volcanic eruptions at divergent plate boundaries tend to be less violent compared to eruptions at destructive plate boundaries?
Detailed Solution for Test: Causes of Earthquakes & Volcanoes - Question 13
Volcanic eruptions at divergent plate boundaries are typically less violent compared to eruptions at destructive plate boundaries because the lava at divergent boundaries has low viscosity. Low viscosity lava flows more easily and allows gases to escape more readily, resulting in gentler eruptions that often lead to the formation of shield volcanoes with gently sloping sides.
Test: Causes of Earthquakes & Volcanoes - Question 14
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How do volcanoes form at hot spots?
Detailed Solution for Test: Causes of Earthquakes & Volcanoes - Question 14
Volcanoes form at hot spots when a tectonic plate moves over a stationary magma plume. As the plate moves over the magma plume, magma ascends to the surface through fissures in the crust, leading to the formation of volcanic islands like Hawaii.
Test: Causes of Earthquakes & Volcanoes - Question 15
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What geological phenomenon occurs when cooling lava and ash accumulate after magma reaches the Earth's surface?
Detailed Solution for Test: Causes of Earthquakes & Volcanoes - Question 15
The accumulation of cooling lava and ash after magma reaches the Earth's surface leads to the formation of a volcano. This accumulation occurs as the lava solidifies and builds up over time, creating the characteristic shape of a volcano.
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