BPSC Prelims Mock Test - 10 - BPSC (Bihar) MCQ

Key Points

Important Points

• Amir Khusrau was a prominent Sufi musician, poet, and scholar in medieval India.
• Tarikh-i-Alai, written by Amir Khusrau, details the initial years of Sultan Alauddin Khilji's reign.
• Yahya ibn Ahmad Sihrindi authored Tarikh-i Mubarak Shahi, offering insights into the Sayyid rulers of Delhi.
• Al-Beruni penned Tarikh-i-Hind, discussing various aspects of Indian society and history.
• Gulbadan Begum authored Humayun Nama, narrating the life of the Mughal emperor Humayun.

The First Indian to Start an Agitation for Political Reform in Indian National Movement

• Raja Rammohan Roy:
  • He was the first Indian to initiate an agitation for political reform.
  • Advocated for:
    • The use of English in courts instead of Persian language.
    • Employment of Indian personnel in civil services.
    • Separation of offices of judges and revenue commissioners.
  • Suggested consultation with the Indian public before enacting laws.

Additional Information

• Dadabhai Naoroji:
  • Known as the "Grand Old Man of India".
  • Referred to as the "Official Ambassador of India".
  • Indian Parsi scholar, trader, and politician who was the first Asian British Member of Parliament.
• Surendranath Banerjee: Founded the Indian National Association and led Indian National Conference sessions.
• Womesh Chunder Bonnerjee:
  • Indian barrister.
  • Co-founder and first president of the Indian National Congress.
  • Born in 1844 in Calcutta.
  • Studied at the Oriental Seminary and the Hindu School.

Bagasse

• Bagasse is composed of fibers (48%), water (50%), and soluble solids like sugars (2%).
• It is a valuable raw material for bioethanol and biomethane production.
• Bagasse is commonly utilized for heat and electricity generation in sugar mills (cogeneration) and can also be used for paper making, cattle feed, and manufacturing disposable food containers. Therefore, the first pair is correct.

Molasses

• Molasses, also known as treacle, is the syrup left after sugar crystallization from cane or beet juice.
• Lighter grades of molasses from sugarcane are edible and used in baking, candy-making, and rum production.
• Molasses is fermented to produce industrial ethyl alcohol (ethanol). Hence, the second pair is correct.

Pressmud

• Pressmud is the compressed waste from the sugar industry during cane juice filtration.
• Pressmud finds applications in fertilizers, chemical extraction, biosorbents, animal feed, manufacturing cement, and wax making. Therefore, the third pair is correct.

• The District Planning and Development Councils (DPDCs) have been established in each district for the purpose of balanced development based on district units.
• Initially, the Minister-in-charge of the district served as the chairman of the committee. However, the DPDCs have now been replaced by District Planning Committees (DPC) as per Article 243 ZD of the 74th Amendment of the Constitution.

Important Points
The provision under Article 243 ZD for the establishment of DPCs is detailed as follows:

• Every State must establish a District Planning Committee at the district level to consolidate plans from Panchayats and Municipalities and prepare a draft development plan for the entire district.
• The State Legislature has the authority to legislate on various aspects related to District Planning Committees, including their composition, seat allocation, functions, and selection of Chairpersons.
• The development plan prepared by each District Planning Committee must consider common interests between Panchayats and Municipalities, available resources, and consult specified institutions and organizations as directed by the Governor.
• The Chairperson of each District Planning Committee must submit the recommended development plan to the State Government.

Therefore, we can conclude that Article 243 ZD of the Constitution of India specifies the formation of the Committee for District Planning.

• Ringworm is a common skin infection caused by fungus.
• Ringworm or Tinea is a rash caused by a fungal infection.
• It usually presents as a red, itchy, circular rash with clearer skin in the middle.
• Ringworm of the body is associated with athlete's foot (tinea pedis), jock itch (tinea cruris), and ringworm of the scalp (tinea capitis).
• Transmission of ringworm often occurs through direct skin-to-skin contact with an infected person or animal.

Additional Information
Fungi

• Fungi are multinucleated.
• The body of the fungus is made up of filaments called Mycelium.
• Common fungal diseases include Athlete's foot, Ringworm, Aspergillosis, and Candidiasis.

Virus

• The virus was discovered by Dimitri Ivanoski.
• Viruses are nucleoproteins.
• They can replicate only inside the living cells of organisms.
• Nucleoproteins contain either DNA or RNA as genetic material.
• The protein coating of a virus is known as Capsid.
• Common viral diseases include COVID-19, Chickenpox, Common Cold, Measles, Polio Myelitis, Rabies, Smallpox, Dengue fever, Chikungunya, SARS, Swine flu, Bird flu, and Mumps.

Bacteria

• Bacteria were discovered by Anton Van Leeuwenhoek.
• Bacteria belong to the animal kingdom Monera.
• Bacteria mainly reproduce by binary fission.
• Different bacteria shapes are classified as Coccus, Bacillus, Vibrio, and Spirillum.
  • Coccus - Spherical or oval-shaped bacteria.
  • Bacillus - Rod-shaped bacteria.
  • Vibrio - Comma-shaped bacteria.
  • Spirillum - Spiral-shaped bacteria.
• Common bacterial diseases include Cholera, Tuberculosis, Typhoid, Plague, Syphilis, Anthrax, Leprosy, Tetanus, Diphtheria, and Pertussis.

Protozoa

• Protozoa are a group of unicellular eukaryotic organisms.
• Protozoan diseases include Malaria, Trichomoniasis, Leishmania, Trypanosoma, Toxoplasmosis, and Cryptosporidiosis.

Concept:

• An ordinary bulb is a highly inefficient form of lighting, converting only 5% of electricity input into light.
• LEDs are efficient replacements for ordinary bulbs, consuming only a fraction of the energy while providing similar or better light output.
• The high initial cost of LEDs has been a barrier to their widespread adoption.

Electric Energy: The energy resulting from the movement of electric charge is known as electric energy.

• LEDs are much more energy-efficient than CFLs, tube lights, and incandescent bulbs due to their diode light technology.
• LED bulbs consume over 75% less energy than incandescent lighting, with even greater differences at lower power levels.

Hence, the correct order in terms of energy efficiency is CFL (Compact Fluorescent Lamp) > Fluorescent tube light > Incandescent bulb.

Key Points
CFL

• In CFLs, an electric current flows between electrodes in a tube containing gases.
• This process generates ultraviolet (UV) light and heat.
• The UV light is converted into visible light upon striking a phosphor coating inside the bulb.

Light Emitting Diode (LED)

• LED stands for light-emitting diode.
• LED lighting products are up to 90% more energy-efficient than incandescent bulbs.
• Visible light is produced when an electrical current passes through a microchip, illuminating the tiny light sources.
• To manage heat generation, LEDs utilize a heat sink to prevent performance issues.

Lifetime of LED Lighting Products

• The lifespan of LED lighting products is longer compared to other light sources like incandescent or CFL lighting.

Analysis of Atoms without Neutrons in Nucleus

• Hydrogen: Hydrogen, with the atomic symbol H and atomic number 1, is an element that does not have a neutron in its nucleus. It is the lightest element in the periodic table with a standard atomic weight of 1.008. Hydrogen is the most abundant substance in the universe, making up about 75% of all baryonic mass.

Key Points

• Helium is a chemical element with the symbol He and atomic number 2. It is a colorless, odorless, tasteless, non-toxic, inert, monatomic gas and belongs to the noble gas group in the periodic table. Helium has the lowest boiling point among all elements.
• Lithium is a chemical element with the symbol Li and atomic number 3. It is a soft, silvery-white alkali metal.
• Tritium or hydrogen-3 is a rare and radioactive isotope of hydrogen. The nucleus of tritium contains one proton and two neutrons, while the nucleus of hydrogen-1 has only one proton and that of hydrogen-2 has one proton and one neutron.

Additional Information

• The image below summarizes the key points discussed about Hydrogen:

• The given series is 15, 30, __, 40, 8, 48.
• The missing number in the series can be found by analyzing the pattern.
• Looking at the series, we can see the following pattern:
  

• The missing number is '10'.
  Therefore, the correct answer is "Option (4)".

Additional InformationThe logic followed here is:

• Given series is 15, 30, __, 40, 8, 48

  

• The missing number is '10'.
  Hence, the correct answer is "Option (4)".

The World's Only Carbon-Negative Country

• Bhutan, not Nepal, Sri Lanka, or Bangladesh, is the world's only carbon-negative country.
• Bhutan stands out as it has over 70% of its land covered with trees and forests.
• Hydropower is the primary source of electricity in Bhutan.
• Bhutan has achieved the remarkable status of being the world's first carbon-negative country.

Understanding Carbon-Negative Status

• Carbon-negative status implies that Bhutan absorbs more carbon dioxide than it emits.
• This achievement is significant in combating global warming and climate change.
• Bhutan's commitment to maintaining a healthy balance in the environment sets an inspiring example for other nations.

Additional Information

• Carbon dioxide emissions from burning fossil fuels contribute to the greenhouse effect, leading to global warming.
• Oceans and plant life play a vital role in absorbing carbon dioxide to maintain environmental balance.

The First Foreign Traveler to Visit Bihar

• Megasthenes was the first foreign traveler to visit Bihar.

Key Points

• Travel accounts from foreign travelers provide valuable insights into Bihar's ancient history.
• Megasthenes visited India between 302 and 288 BCE during the reign of Chandra Gupta Maurya.
  • Megasthenes' work Indica offers detailed information about the Mauryan government in Patliputra.
• Fa-Hien visited India from 399 to 412 AD under the rule of Chandragupta II and wrote about the Magadha empire.
  • Fa-Hien was captivated by Patliputra and Chandra Gupta Maurya's grand residence.
• Hiuen Tsang traveled to India between 630 and 645 AD during Harsha's reign, focusing on the renowned Nalanda monastery.
  • Hiuen Tsang extensively documented the western countries in his work Si-yu-ki (Records of the Western Countries).
• I-Tsing, a Chinese Buddhist monk, visited India from 671 to 695 AD during the Gupta dynasty's rule.
  • He dedicated 11 years of his life to studying at Nalanda.

• At the Surat conference in 1907, congress split.
• The moderate leaders have captured the machinery of the congress excluded the militant extremist elements from it.
• The congress split into 2 separate groups of moderates and extremists.

Additional Information

• In 1905 (Banaras Session of the INC): Gokhale was the President and for the first time, he had a discussion over ‘Swaraj’.
• In 1906, Dadabhai Naoroji (who was the President of the INC session at Calcutta), and in his Presidential address, used the word Swaraj. Thus, the word, ‘Swaraj’ wasn’t untouchable to them, but they were reluctant to pass the resolution over ‘Swaraj’.
• In 1907, Surat Session: The two main objectives placed by the extremists were that:
  • Demand the resolution of Swaraj.
  • Lala Lajpat Rai to be made the President of the INC.
• These two demands were not acceptable to the moderates. Thus, instead of Lala Lajpat Rai, the moderates supported the idea of Rash Behari Ghosh as the President.
• This was the first time that there was to be an election in the INC for Presidentship.
• In between the election, the extremists were expelled from the INC, and the moderates had complete command over the affairs of the INC.
• Rash Behari Ghosh  became the President of the Surat session.
• The Surat split was a victory of the British policy of Divide and Rule, and after a long time, the British believed that they were in control of the affairs of the moderates over the INC.

The table provides a list of leaders and the centers of revolt during the 1857 revolt. List of Leaders and the Centres of Revolt
Centers of Revolt

The incorrect matches in the question were Bihar with Begum Hazrat Mahal and Lucknow with Kunwar Singh.- Therefore, the correct answer is that pairs 2 and 3 only are not correctly matched with their respective leaders of the 1857 revolt.

Important Points Regarding Gandhi's Ultimatum:

• 11 Demands: Mahatma Gandhi presented 11 demands in his ultimatum to Lord Irwin on January 31, 1930.
• Gandhiji's Demands:
  • Prohibit liquor and intoxicants
  • Issue firearms licenses to citizens for self-protection
  • Change the exchange ratio between the rupee and the sterling
  • Release all political prisoners
  • Reduce the rate of land revenue
  • Abolish the CID department
  • Reduce military expenditure
  • Accept the Postal Reservation Bill
  • Abolition of the salt tax
  • Impose custom duty on foreign cloth
  • Reduce expenditure on civil administration

Additional Information:

• Civil Disobedience Movement: Initiated by Mahatma Gandhi, the movement began in 1930 following the observance of Independence Day.
• On March 12, 1930, Gandhi embarked on the famous Dandi March with 78 Ashram members from Sabarmati Ashram to Dandi, breaking the salt law upon arrival on April 6, 1930.
• Making salt became a symbolic act of defiance against the government and sparked the spread of the Civil Disobedience Movement across the country.

• Purna is not a tributary of the river Krishna.
• Krishna river
  • It is an east-flowing river originating in Mahabaleshwar, Maharashtra.
  • Flowing through Maharashtra, Karnataka, Telangana, and Andhra Pradesh.
  • With a length of approximately 1401 km, it ranks as the fourth largest river in India.
  • Left bank tributaries include Bhima, Dindi, Paleru, and Musi.
  • Right bank tributaries consist of Koyana, Panchganga, Dudhganga, Venna, Malprabha, Ghatprabha, and Tungabhadra.

Key Points

• Purna is not a tributary of the river Krishna.

Additional Information

• The Purna River is a major left-bank tributary of the Godavari River.
  • Originating in the Ajanta Range of hills in Aurangabad District, Maharashtra.
  • Converges with the Godavari River south of Purna city in the Parbhani district.
  • Its longest tributary is the Dudhana river.

Feature of the Indian Constitution Taken from the Constitution of Japan

• Procedure Established by Law: This feature signifies that a law has been properly enacted by the competent body following the correct procedure, as mentioned in the constitution. It ensures that the legal process is duly observed. The Doctrine of Procedure established by law has been borrowed from the Japanese Constitution.
• Example: When a law is passed by the Parliament in India, it must adhere to the stipulated procedure outlined in the Constitution of India.
• Comparison: After Judicial Interpretation, India also incorporated the concept of 'due process of law,' which is broader than the procedure established by law. This concept was adopted from the American Constitution.

Additional Information

• Article 21: Protection of Life and Personal Liberty
  • This article guarantees that no individual shall be deprived of their life or personal liberty except in accordance with the procedure established by law.
  • It extends this protection to both citizens and non-citizens.
  • The right to life encompasses not only mere existence but also the right to live with dignity and enjoy a meaningful life.

• Indicative Planning:

  • Indicative planning is characterized by an economy where the private sector plays a significant role.
  • In this approach, the state's role shifts to that of a facilitator rather than a strict controller and regulator.
  • It allows the government to encourage the private sector to drive growth in areas where the country has inherent strengths.
  • For example, the government may provide incentives or support to industries that have potential for growth.

• Adoption and Timeline:

  • Indicative planning became more prominent with the launch of economic reforms in 1991 in India.
  • It was officially adopted since the 8th five-year plan (1992-97).
  • During this period, there was a shift towards freeing trade and industry from excessive government control.
  • The focus of planning shifted towards being more indicative and supportive in nature rather than directive.

• Correctness of Statements:

  • Statement 1 is correct as indicative planning indeed transforms the state into a facilitator role.
  • Statement 2 is correct as it accurately mentions the adoption of indicative planning starting from the 8th five-year plan.