CG TET Paper 2 Mock Test - 3 (Social Science) - CG TET MCQ

Cognitive abilities are brain-based skills we need to carry out any task from the simplest to the most complex. They have more to do with the mechanisms of how we learn, remember, problem-solve, reason out, and pay attention rather than with any actual knowledge.

An inclusive classroom includes each and every category of children in the educational system, regardless of their differences and disabilities. In an inclusive classroom, all creative, gifted, intelligent, backward, mentally retarded children study together.

• Creativity is a cognitive ability to produce something original by offering a fresh perspective. It is the ability possessed by people who are creative, persistent, and imaginative.

The concept of Zone of Proximal Development is given by  Lev Vygotsky. Zone of Proximal Development or ZPD is the set of skills a child can't do on his own but can do with the help of guidance of a more knowledgeable other. 

Age is a personal matter. It doesn't reflect environment, cognition or society. So, option (2) is the correct answer.

Extinction (psychology) is observed in both operantly conditioned and classically conditioned behaviours. When operant behaviour that has been previously reinforced no longer produces reinforcing consequences, the behaviour gradually stops occurring.
A partial reinforcement will continue to produce reinforcing consequences and therefore, making it difficult to stop a behaviour from re-occurring.

Lev Vygotsky is a Russian Psychologist who proposed the theory of Socio-cultural development.

Adoptation is not the stage of learning.
‘Learning’ means a relatively permanent change in behavior that occurs as a result of experience with the environment.

• For example, a child touches a hot pan placed near the gas stove in the kitchen because he is unaware that it can burn his fingers.
• Once he has had such an experience, he becomes careful in the future. He has ‘learned’ that hot objects can burn his fingers.

• उपर्युक्त गद्यांश के अनुसार भारत में उपभोक्ता आंदोलन 1960 के दशक में शुरू हुए थे।
• 1970 के दशक तक उपभोक्ता आंदोलन केवल आर्टिकल लिखने और प्रदर्शनी लगाने तक ही सीमित थे।

पद्यांश के अनुसार,
"पूछे सिकता-कण से हिमपति!
तेरा वह राजस्थान कहाँ?
वन-वन स्वतंत्रता-दीप लिये
फिरनेवाला बलवान कहाँ?....
विद्यापति - कवि के गान कहाँ?"
इसलिए यह निष्कर्ष निकाला जा सकता है कि कवि हिमपति से राजस्थान, महाराणा प्रताप, कवि विद्यापति के बारे में पूछने के लिए कह रहा है।

दिए गए शब्द उद्यान का सही वर्ण विच्छेद होगा उ + द् + य् + आ + न् + अ। अत: विकल्प 3 "उ + द् + य् + आ + न् + अ" सही है। 

• वर्ण-विच्छेद यानी वर्णों को अलग-अलग करना।
• किसी शब्द (वर्णों का समूह ) को अलग-अलग करके लिखने की प्रक्रिया को वर्ण विच्छेद कहते हैं। 
• वर्ण-विच्छेद करते समय हमें स्वरों की मात्राओं को पहचानना पड़ता है और
• उस मात्रा के स्थान पर उस स्वर (अ, आ, इ, ई आदि) को प्रयोग में लाया जाता है जिसकी वह मात्रा होती है।
• उदाहरण - निधि शब्द का वर्ण विच्छेद होगा - न् + इ + ध् + इ

लोकल तथा वोकल से क्या अभिप्राय है "सीमा के अंदर होने वाला तथा वाणी युक्त"।
उपर्युक्त पद्यांश के अनुसार लोकल तथा वोकल का अर्थ सीमा के अंदर होने वाला तथा वाणी युक्त है।
अर्थात देश में उत्पादित होने वाले पदार्थ का उपयोग करना तथा उसके लिए अपनी वाणी को मुखर करना है।

भाषा की कक्षा में बालको की मौखिक अभिव्यक्ति के दौरान किया जाने वाला आकलन बालक किस प्रकार से अपने पक्ष को रखता है।
आकलन एक संवादात्मक तथा रचनात्मक प्रक्रिया माना जाता है, जिसके द्वारा शिक्षक को यह ज्ञात होता है कि विद्यार्थी का उचित अधिगम हो रहा है अथवा नहीं।
भाषा आकलन का अर्थ है भाषा-प्रयोग की क्षमता का आकलन।
इसका उद्देश निदानात्मक होता है, अर्थात शिक्षण अधिगम कार्याक्रम मे सुधार करना, छात्रों व शिक्षकों को पृष्ठपोषण प्रदान करना तथा छात्रों की अधिगम संबंधी कठिनाइयों को ज्ञात करना।
भाषा शिक्षण में आकलन का आशय उन प्रक्रियाओं से हैं जिनकी सहायता से एक शिक्षक विद्यार्थियों के भाषा संबंधी समस्त कौशलों के संबंध में शिक्षण  के दौरान एवं पाठ्यक्रम की समाप्ती पर निर्णय करता है।

भाषा प्रयोगशाला वह स्थान है जहां शिक्षार्थियों को हेडफोन पर सुनना होता है। यह आधुनिक भाषा शिक्षण में सहायता के रूप में उपयोग किया जाने वाला एक ऑडियो या ऑडियो-विजुअल इंस्टॉलेशन है। यहां, छात्र अपनी गलती खुद सुन सकता है और छात्र के सक्रिय बोलने का समय भी काफी बढ़ जाता है।

लिखना अर्थात लेखन कौशल चारों भाषा कौशलों में सबसे अंतिम चरण है। बच्चों में लेखन कौशल का विकास मौलिक विचारों को लिखित रूप देने तथा विभिन्न उद्देश्यों के लिए लिखने की क्षमता को संदर्भित करता है। लिखित भाषा का प्रयोग अपनी भाषा को अभिव्यक्त करने के लिए किया जाता है।

• दक्षता के साथ सहज अभिव्यक्ति के विकास को सुनिश्चित कर सकेंगे।
• वास्तविक अनुभव के साथ भाषाई कौशलों को सुगमता से ग्रहण करेंगें।
• तथ्यों को स्वयं के निजी अनुभवों से जोड़ कर अपने विचारों को अभिव्यक्त करेगें।
• स्वतंत्र एवं मौलिक अभिव्यक्ति के अवसर प्राप्त कर अपने विचारों को खुल कर रखेंगे।

अतः, निष्कर्ष निकलता है कि लिखित भाषा का प्रयोग अपनी अभिव्यक्ति के लिए किया जाता है।

Both Superman and Santa were doing things against their basic nature as Superman saves people and Santa presents gifts.

According to the sentence given in the passage which is "Biodiversity, and in particular genetic diversity, is being lost at an alarming rate. With the erosion of these resources, mankind loses the potential to adapt to new socio-economic and environmental conditions, such as population growth and climate change." 

This story should be used for motivating the students to read more tales from Panchtantra. The story provides a moral lesson that it is important that you understand someone before trusting him/ her. Therefore, it can be inferred that students shall read more such tales. Hence, option 2 is the correct answer.

Learning the rules of a language is not a replacement for the process of language acquisition which helps children become fluent speakers of that language, however, it can help children in monitoring their progress to see whether they have written or spoken correctly or not.

Individual difference: Every child is unique and different from others. It should be kept in mind that learners possess different abilities, and personalities, and belong to different backgrounds. The stimulus needs of every learner will be different. Teaching has to be done keeping in mind the individual differences and problems arising out of it.
The teacher should take care of the below points:

• As per the need of the students, the teaching method can vary.
• Generally confused with discrimination, ability grouping is a measure in which students of similar traits are grouped so that the teacher can choose a compatible teaching method.
• Keeping in mind the child-centered education as proposed by the NCF, adjusting the curriculum is no exception because it is the child who has the freedom to choose what he wants to learn.
• The pace of learning should not be a matter of concern for a teacher as every child has his pace and more than results, the attempt to learn is important.

It should be noted that, though self-study improves knowledge, it should not be done simultaneously when the teacher’s responsibility is to teach children.
So, we conclude that for a teacher, leaving children for self-study is not recommended

Todar Mal carried out a careful survey of crop yields, prices and areas cultivated for a period of ten years.

• Todar Mal was the revenue minister of Mughal Emperor Akbar.
•  He carried out a careful survey of crop yields, prices and areas cultivated for a 10-year period, 1570- 1580.
• On the basis of this data, tax was fixed on each crop in cash.
• Each province was divided into revenue circles with its own schedule of revenue rates for individual crops.
• This revenue system was known as zabt.
• It was prevalent in those areas where Mughal administrators could survey the land and keep very careful accounts.
• This was not possible in provinces such as Gujarat and Bengal. 

Hence, we can conclude that Todar Mal carried out a careful survey of crop yields, prices and areas cultivated for a period of ten years.

The students are able to link the concepts taught in class with the outside world. Hence, a field trip is the best option.

Social Sciences are the sciences which study human beings in relation to their social system and institutions. Social sciences include disciplines like history, geography, political science, economics, sociology, psychology, anthropology, culture studies, public administration, etc. At the secondary school and university levels, different social sciences are taught to students as independent and/or distinct disciplines. 

The thought provoking activities enable better learning, as students learn from their own experiences and relate classroom teaching to real life situations.

Among the given statements, both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).

• The Mughals were descendants of two great lineages of rulers.
• From their mother’s side they were descendants of Genghis Khan (died 1227), the Mongol ruler who ruled over parts of China and Central Asia.
• From their father’s side they were the successors of Timur (died 1404), the ruler of Iran, Iraq and modern-day Turkey.
• However, the Mughals did not like to be called Mughal or Mongol.
• This was because Genghis Khan’s memory was associated with the massacre of innumerable people.
• It was also linked with the Uzbegs, their Mongol competitors.
• On the other hand, the Mughals were proud of their Timurid ancestry, not least of all because their great ancestor had captured Delhi in 1398.
• They celebrated their genealogy pictorially, each ruler getting a picture made of Timur and himself.

Thus, we can conclude that both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).

• Landforms refer to the natural features on the surface of the earth that have been created through geological and geomorphological processes over time.
• These landforms are often created by agents or forces that shape the earth's surface.
• In the given pairs, we have to identify the correct agent that is responsible for the formation of a particular landform.

(a) Levees - Wind:

• Levees are natural or man-made embankments or ridges that are formed along the banks of rivers or other water bodies.
• These ridges are created by the deposition of sediment carried by the water during floods.
• While wind can cause erosion and deposition of sediment, it is not the primary agent responsible for the formation of levees. Therefore, this pair is incorrect.

(b) Stacks - Sea waves:

• Stacks are tall pillars of rock that are formed as a result of erosion by the sea waves.
• The waves erode the softer rock and leave behind the harder rock that forms the stack.
• This pair is correct because sea waves are the primary agent that forms stacks.

(c) Mushroom Rocks - River:

• Mushroom rocks are large rocks that have a distinctive shape, resembling a mushroom.
• They are often found in arid environments and are formed due to the process of erosion by wind.
• While rivers can also cause erosion, they are not the primary agent responsible for the formation of mushroom rocks. Therefore, this pair is incorrect.

(d) Moraines - Glaciers:

• Moraines are ridges or mounds of glacial debris that are deposited by glaciers.
• Glaciers are slow-moving masses of ice that can carry large amounts of rocks, soil, and other debris.
• As glaciers move, they transport this debris and deposit it along their edges and terminus.
• This pair is correct because glaciers are the primary agent responsible for the formation of moraines.

In conclusion, the correct pair of landform agents is (d) Moraines - Glaciers

Primary sources are the original materials created at the time under study, which includes first-hand accounts or direct evidence of the event.

• They are essential for historical research and understanding, as they provide an insight into the perspectives, ideas, and beliefs of the people who witnessed or participated in the event.

The spiral approach is a technique often used in teaching or in textbooks where first the basic facts of a subject are learned without worrying about details. Then, as learning progresses, more and more details are introduced while at the same time, they are related to the basics which are re-emphasised many times to help enter them into long-term memory.

There is a felt need in the social science curriculum to balance national perspective with local perceptions and to teach national history with reference to developments in other parts of the world.

• This would create a comprehensive view of local, national and the world situations and perceptions.
• The curriculum, now, has to deal with contemporary issues and problems of Indian society and people such as human rights, inclusiveness, environmental pollution, population issues, national integration, poverty, illiteracy, child and bonded labour, plurality and change, gender, class and caste equity, etc.
• It also needs to address the concerns related to the health of children and to the social aspects of changes and developments occurring in them during adolescence like changing relationships with parents, peer group, the opposite sex and the adult world in general.
• The curriculum needs to create standards to meet the challenges of global competition.

Hence, the curriculum of social science should be such that it deals with all the above points.

Social Sciences are essential to provide social, cultural, and analytical skills required to adjust to an increasingly interdependent world, and to deal with political and economic realities.

The teacher must make the students understand the concepts using activity based learning. She should have some objectives fixed in her mind, before performing a particular activity. Otherwise she will not be able to focus on children's attainment and therefore, will not be able to operate effectively.