REET Level 2 Mock Test - 8 (Social Science) - REET MCQ

Assistive technologies provide a human interface to the alternative text in various modalities. Assistive technologies are products used by people with disabilities to help accomplish tasks that they cannot accomplish otherwise or could not do easily otherwise.

Constructivism is centered on the idea that human knowledge and learning are actively constructed by the learner, not passively received from the environment. Knowledge is created or constructed by the experiencing individual. It is not impersonal or absolute.

• Bruner defines constructivism as a learning theory in which learning is seen as an active process in which learners construct new ideas or concepts based upon their current and previous knowledge.

Children with learning disabilities have confusion between letters and alphabets that look alike. "Learning disability" is an "umbrella" term describing a number of other, more specific learning disabilities, such as dyslexia and dysgraphia.

Two basic processes are involved in adaptation: assimilation and accommodation.

• Assimilation takes place when people try to understand something new by fitting it into what they already know.
  For example, When a child watches a nature documentary the child may discover new animals and add them to the existing group of animals in his memory. The fitting of new experience into the already existing scheme is called Assimilation.
• The modification of existing schemes (and the development of new ones) in order to make sense of new experiences is called accommodation.
  For example, the child will keep calling a cat a "dog" until someone corrects him and made him understand the difference between a cat and a dog. He will now have a different scheme for understanding cats.

The Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education (RTE) Act, 2009, which represents the consequential legislation envisaged under Article 21A, means that every child has a right to full time elementary education of satisfactory and equitable quality in a formal school which satisfies certain essential norms and standards. So, as per the right, admission cannot be rejected for want of Transfer Certificate.

Multilingualism is the knowledge of more than one language by a person or within a social group; it assumes the ability to switch from one language to another in speech, writing, or reading.

Continuous and Comprehensive Evaluation (CCE) refers to a system of school-based evaluation of students that covers all aspects of students' development.

• CCE was introduced by the Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE) in India to evaluate the student’s development in all aspects throughout the academic year on a continuous basis.
• The objective of CCE is to make evaluation an integral part of learning through diagnostic and remedial teaching.
• CCE helps improve student’s performance by identifying his/her learning difficulties at regular intervals right from the beginning of the academic session and employing suitable remedial measures for enhancing their learning performance.

CCE describes two different types of evaluations which include summative and formative assessment/evaluation.

• "Summative Evaluation", commonly known as  "Assessment of Learning" is a type of evaluation which:
  • measures, certifies, and reports the level of students' learning by assessing them at the end of the term.
  • produces an accurate description of students' potential and achievement to promote them to the next grades.
• "Formative evaluation", commonly known as "Assessment for Learning" is a type of evaluation which: 
  • monitor the child's progress throughout the teaching-learning process and improve students' academic achievements.
  • diagnoses and removes the learning difficulties of students with appropriate strategies.

So, it becomes clear that Continuous and Comprehensive Evaluation includes both formative and summative assessments using a wide variety of strategies.

We don't know about the age of the individual. The physical age of the child is compared to the intellectual performance of the child, based on performance in tests and live assessments by a psychologist. The physical age is not given, so nothing can be determined.

गद्यांश के अनुसार: 

• रात्रि में चावल अधिक पसन्द किये जाते हैं।
• अन्य विकल्प रात्रि के समय भोजन ग्रहण करने से संदर्भित नही है।
• रात्रि के पर्यायवाची - रैन, रजनी, यामिनी, तमी, निशि, त्रियामा, विभावरी, क्षणदा, शर्वरी, रात आदि।

बच्चा जब दुनिया में आता है तो सबसे पहले माँ के सम्पर्क में आता है। इस तरह बच्चा जिस भी भाषा को सुनना व प्रयोग करना सीखता है वह अपनी माँ से सीखता है।

• इस तरह मातृभाषा मां और घर के माहौल से सीखी जाने वाली सबसे पहली भाषा है।

वाइगोत्स्की का सिद्धांत - अपने सामाजिक-सांस्कृतिक विकास के लिए जाने वाले वाइगोत्स्की एक रूसी मनोवैज्ञानिक थे, जिसका मानना ​​था कि समुदाय "अर्थ बनाने" की प्रक्रिया में महत्वपूर्ण भूमिका निभाता है। वह अपने घरेलू कामों में अपने दो बेटों की मदद लेते थे। उन्होंने पाया कि उनके बच्चों ने पिता के सहयोग के बाद स्वतंत्र रूप से काम करना शुरू किया।

विजयनगर के भग्नाशेष जनशून्य दृश्यावली के बीच फैले है।
सन्दर्भ पंक्ति - विजयनगर के भग्नाशेष एक दूसरे पर टंगी विशाल चट्टानों की निर्जन दृश्यावली के बीच फैले हैं।
दक्षिण भारत के राजनीतिक परिदृश्य में अपने उदय से पूर्व हम्पी कई शताब्दियों से एक प्रख्यात पावन स्थल था।

किसी पाठ या पुस्तक को सस्वर अथवा मौनरूप से पढ़ना वाचन कहलाता है। मौन वाचन, पठन का एक प्रकार जिसमें लिखित सामग्री को बिना आवाज किए भावार्थ को समझते हुए पढ़ना शामिल होता है। इसमें नेत्र और मस्तिष्क दोनो सक्रिय होते हैं तथा यह स्वाध्याय की रुचि जागृत करने में सहायक होता है।

• आनंद और मनोरंजन प्राप्ति के उद्देश्य से लिखित सामग्री का अध्ययन करते हैं।
• सीखी हुई भाषाई ज्ञान का अभ्यास करते हैं तथा खाली समय का सदुपयोग करते हैं।
• पढ़ने की उचित गति और प्रवाह के साथ भाषा को तेजी से और बेहतर ढंग से समझते हैं।
• मुख्य रूप से साहित्य, पत्रिकाएं, उपन्यास, हास्य पुस्तकें आदि का पाठ कर सूचनाएं प्राप्त करते हैं।
• किसी अवतरण के विचार को आत्मसात करना।
• विषय वस्तु पर ध्यान केन्द्रित करना।
• गति के साथ पढ़ने की क्षमता का विकास करना।
• विषय वस्तु का अर्थ समझना।
• समय का पूर्ण लाभ उठाते हुए हिंदी के अलावा सभी विषयों का ज्ञान प्राप्त करना। 

अतः हम कह सकते  हैं कि समवेत वाचन, वैयक्तिक वाचन तथा अनुकरण वाचन मौन वाचन का प्रकार नहीं है।

The bus broke down on the ghat road.
Here, 'break down' means 'stopped due to mechanical failure' because 'break down' means 'stop operating or functioning'.

The teacher is doing task-based language teaching.
The Task-Based Approach (TBA) has gained popularity in the field of language teaching since the last decade of the 20th Century. Task-based language teaching:- It is teaching where the planning and teaching depend on a task.

• In this case, the teacher is asking to present a short presentation for a vacation. So, it is based on a particular task.
• Task-based learning is especially conducive to group learning. Learning a language as a group is also a very important contributor to effective retention. Collaborating with others and becoming confident with the language within a group is a key step in acquiring that language.
• Task-based learning uses a lesson structure that incorporates different activities to solve a task. The task can span the length of an entire lesson or, if it’s project-based learning, it can take up several lessons to complete.

Thus, it is concluded that a teacher asks students she plans a vacation they’re going to take together as a group, and then after coming from vacation they will do a short presentation about it to the class, or submit a written assignment or video explaining it. The teacher is doing Task-based language teaching.

Language is a symbolic, rule-governed system, shared by a group of people to express their thoughts and feelings. These rules are the set of conventions that organize their proper use and dictate how words relate to one another. Some of these rules that govern a language include morpheme, phonetics, syntax, semantic, etc. 

Writing is the physical expression of what you think. The close relationship between writing and thinking makes writing valuable. As young children struggle with what to put down next, or how to put it down on paper, they often discover a new way of expressing an idea. If the writing process is to develop naturally, the following approaches should be followed:

• It is important to allow some mother tongue usage until such time as when a child has enough mastery over the second language to not require the mother tongue.
• A teacher should motivate the student to read more storybooks and he should take informal feedback about new words encountered.
• During reading the storybook the student will encounter new words while the teacher could introduce and explain those new words which will help the student to better express his/her thought in conversation and in writing.
• We need to facilitate the transition by providing suitable vocabulary or structures, as well as motivating children by creating a real need to communicate.

Therefore, we conclude that with the help of the above-mentioned points, a teacher can help students expressing his/her views.

• The given blank needs to be filled with a suitable word.
• Here the sentence is about summative assessment that includes "written assessment" only.
• Written assessment: Writing assessment refers to an area of study that contains theories and practices that guide the evaluation of a writer's performance or potential through a writing task.
• Other options are incorrect here because they do not fit in the context.
• Hence, the complete sentence is: "Summative assessment includes written assessment".

Language teaching is less about the school and more about the process of learning English. The modern approach to all language learning and teaching is the scientific one and is based on sound linguistic principles.
Principle of Graded Patterns:

• “To teach a language is to impart a new system of complex habits, and habits are acquired slowly.” So, language patterns should be taught gradually, in cumulative graded steps.
• This means the teacher should go on adding each new element or pattern to previous ones. New patterns of language should be introduced and practiced with vocabulary that students already know.

A diverse classroom refers to a learning environment where students come from different cultural, linguistic, ethnic, religious, socio-economic and/or academic backgrounds.

• The students in a diverse classroom may have different learning needs, abilities, and styles. Therefore, teaching in a diverse classroom requires teachers to have a range of instructional strategies that can cater to the diverse needs of students.

Language is a symbolic, rule-governed system, shared by a group of people to express their thoughts and feelings. In a child, language development takes place through language acquisition and language learning.

Language teaching refers to a process whereby a child gains communicative comprehension or fluency over a language. It involves practice by learners where facilitation is provided by a teacher. There are several methods of English language teaching and the Communicative Approach is one of them.
The communicative approach is a method of language teaching which makes learners 'linguistic competence' by involving them in real communication.
It highlights the importance of real communication for learning to take place rather than emphasizing writing skills and grammatical aspects of communication.
In the communicative approach to ELT, development of language learning or teaching involves a shift from form-based to a meaning-based approach as it:

• aims to strengthen fluency, not the accuracy.
• promotes learners to encounter with real life situations.
• focuses on communication rather than grammatical structures.
• emphasizes the functional use of language in the real context.
• prepares the learners for meaningful and authentic communicative activity.
• lays emphasis on using language to communicate meaningfully in the target language.

So, we can conclude that the term 'linguistic competence' is associated with the Communicative approach to ELT.

Our constitution provides safeguards to religious and linguistic minorities as part of our Fundamental Rights.

• The term minority is most commonly used to refer to communities that are numerically small in relation to the rest of the population.
• However, it is a concept that goes well beyond numbers.
• It encompasses issues of power, access to resources and has social and cultural dimensions.
• The Indian Constitution recognized that the culture of the majority influences the way in which society and government might express themselves.
• In such cases, size can be a disadvantage and lead to the marginalization of the relatively smaller communities.
• Thus, safeguards are needed to protect minority communities against the possibility of being culturally dominated by the majority.
• They also protect them against any discrimination and disadvantage that they may face.

Thus, we can conclude that A) is false, but B) is true.

'Food for work' is not one of the social welfare schemes.

Closed-ended questions are those which can be answered by a simple "yes" or "no," while open-ended questions are those which require more thought and more than a simple one-word answer. Since the answer to closed-ended questions is a simple yes or no, they can be answered with specific information available to the student. So, they do not cater to the development of critical thinking among students.

Student achievement measures the amount of academic content a student learns in a determined amount of time. Each grade level has learning goals or instructional standards that educators are required to teach. Standards are similar to a 'to-do' list that a teacher can use to guide instruction. Hence, it is not suited for development of interest in social studies.
The use of maps, globe, bulletin board, conducting field trips etc. develops interest among students.

The Constitution of India is the supreme law of India.

• The document lays down the framework that demarcates the fundamental political code, structure, procedures, powers, and duties of government institutions and sets out fundamental rights, directive principles, and the duties of citizens.
• It is the longest written national constitution in the world.

There are different approaches to teaching social sciences. While some approaches to teaching are subject-oriented and teacher-centered, others are learner-centric in nature.

A Member of the legislative assembly is the elected representative of the voters for a particular constituency for the state government. The powers or responsibilities of an MLA include law formation and the development of their constituency.

The teacher of social studies has different roles to play, such as developing personality values, attitudes, and civic responsibility to live together in a democracy.