UTET Paper 2 Mock Test - 3 (Social Science) - UTET MCQ

Kohlberg divided six stages into three separate levels. The three levels of moral development include pre-conventional, conventional and post-conventional. Those at post-conventional level base their decisions on more abstract principles that may not be defined by their particular society's laws. Thus, the subject in question is at this level.

Creative thinking aims at novelty in the first instance rather than truth. Creative thinking is always 'constructive' as it aims at novelty. It necessarily has to be different from the conventional modes of thinking.

Classroom Discussions play a vital role in shaping or constructing the overall personality of a child. The discussions help the child to not only presents his or her point of view but to get an idea of other's perception as well and this helps in shaping the all-round thinking of a child.
Gender Bias:

• It refers to the belief that someone prioritizes one gender more than another. 
• It is a form of unconscious bias, or implicit bias, which occurs when one individual attributes certain attitudes and stereotypes to another person or group of people.
• It is a preference or prejudice toward one gender over the other for example preferring boys over girls during an activity. Bias can be conscious or unconscious and may manifest in many ways, both subtle and obvious.

Examples of Gender Bias in Teaching and at school:

• Stereotypical expressions of male and female characters in textbook content.
• Assigning work differentially to boys and girls.
• Girls being given lesser opportunities to participate in school and classroom events.

Gender Constancy: The concept of gender constancy refers to a cognitive stage of development of children at which they come to understand that their gender (meaning their biological sex) is fixed and cannot change over time.
Gender Relevance: It is an important consideration in development. It is a way of looking at how social norms and power structures impact on the lives and opportunities available to different groups of men and women.
Gender Identity: It is a personal conception of oneself as male or female. This concept is intimately related to the concept of gender role, which is defined as the outward manifestations of personality that reflect gender identity.
So, during a classroom discussion if a teacher pays more attention to boys than girls then it will be regarded as an example of Gender Bias.

The least restricted environment is a set up where disadvantaged students get the opportunity to be educated with the non-disadvantaged and non-disabled peers. Hence, it normalises the lives of children from deprived groups who were increasing the linkage of school with the parents and communities of these children.

All learners make mistakes. As someone has said: "You can't learn without goofing". Whether you are learning how to ride a bicycle, how to fly a kite or learn a language, everyone does make mistakes.

किसी विषय, वस्तु, दृश्य, घटना या वातावरण के संदर्भ में हम जो कुछ मौलिक ढंग से सोचते हैं, जो विचार हमारे मन में आता है, उसकी कल्पना में जो चिन्तन चलता है तथा जिन्हें हम शब्दों और वाक्यों की सहायता से मौखिक या लिखित रूप में व्यक्त करते हैं, वह 'स्वतंत्र अभिव्यक्ति' कही जाती है।

• 'स्वतंत्र अभिव्यक्ति' भाषा का आवश्यक अंग है।
• इसकी सहायता से सहज ही भाषा में कुशलता प्राप्त की जा सकती है।
• भाषा के सृजनान्तक विकास के लिए आवश्यक है कि बच्चों में स्वतंत्र रूप से बोलने और लिखने की कला का विकास हो।
• इसके लिए बच्चों के स्तर और परिवेश को ध्यान में रखकर उन्हें स्वतंत्र अभिव्यक्ति के लिए प्रेरित करना चाहिए।
• हम स्वयं अनुभव करेंगे कि बच्चे भाषा को उसकी शुद्धता और सुगमता के साथ सीख रहे हैं, क्योंकि हम सभी जानते हैं कि भाषा एक कौशल है।
• यह कौशल विभिन्‍न प्रयोगात्मक कार्यों से और निखरता है।
• बच्चों में स्वतंत्र अभिव्यक्ति की समझ विकसित हो, उनकी मौखिक, लिखित शैली बेहतर हो इसके लिए जरूरी है कि उनके सामने ऐसा वातावरण बनाया जाय, जहाँ पर वे अपने भाव, विचार और चिन्तन को निःसंकोच शब्द का रूप दे सकें।

किसी भाषा के लिखने के ढंग या भाषा की लिखावट को लिपि कहा जाता है। यह आवश्यक नहीं की हर किसी भाषा की लिपि हो।

• कुछ भाषाएँ ऐसी होती है, जो साधारण बोलचाल में प्रयोग आती है, किन्तु उनकी लिपि ना होने के कारण उन्हे बोली के वर्ग में रखा जाता है।
• भावाभिव्यक्ति का सबसे अच्छा माध्यम हमारी मातृभाषा होती है।
• भावों को लिखित तथा मौखिक दोनों रूपो के माध्यम से अभिव्यक्त किया जा सकता है।
• मानकीकृत स्कूलों में सीखायी जाने वाली भाषा होती है।
• यह भाव अभिव्यक्त का औपचारिक माध्यम है, आवशयक नहीं की सभी लिखित भाषाएँ मानकीकृत हो। 
• हमारे भारत वर्ष में 1652 मातृभाषायें प्रचलन में हैं, जबकि संविधान द्वारा 22 भाषाओं को राजभाषा की मान्यता प्रदान की गयी है।

अतः निष्कर्ष निकलता है कि भावाभिव्यक्ति करने में प्रयुक्त भाषा के दो रूप होते हैं- लिखित तथा मौखिक।

रूसो, फ्रोबेल, मारिया मोंटेसरी, जॉन डेवी, महात्मा गांधी और शिक्षा के कुछ  महान विचारकों ने 'कर के सीखने के सिद्धांत' को माना। फ्रोबेल के अनुसार स्कूल एक बाग है, अध्यापक एक माली है और बच्चें पौंधे के समान हैं।
फ्रोबेल से जुड़े तथ्य निम्न है- 

• उन्होंने बचपन के सर्वोपरि महत्व को महसूस किया और 1837 में 4 से 6 वर्ष की आयु के बच्चों के लिए पहला किंडरगार्टन खोला जिसका अर्थ है 'बच्चों का बगीचा अथवा उद्यान'।
• उन्होंने स्कूल को एक बगीचे के रूप में, शिक्षक को माली के रूप में और छात्रों को निविदा पौधों के रूप में माना। जिस पौधे के भीतर बीज होता है तो पौधा अंदर से बढ़ता है, उसी तरह से बच्चा भी भीतर से बढ़ता है ।
• फ्रोबेल ने खेल को शिक्षा का आधार बनाया.  उनके अनुसार, काम खेल की भावना से किया जाना है खेल एक व्यक्ति को खुद को निखारने में मदद करता है ।
• यह भावना, सहयोग, सहिष्णुता, आत्म-निर्भरता, सोच और कार्य में स्वतंत्रता आदि जैसे गुणों को जन्म देता है।

अतः हम कह सकते है कि फ्रोबेल ने भाषा अधिगम के लिए खेल-खेल में सीखने को महत्व दिया। उनके द्वारा पहला किंडरगार्टन खोला गया, जिसका अर्थ बच्चों का बगीचा है।

उपरोक्त दिए गए शब्द “मूल्यांकन” का संधि-विच्छेद होता है-मूल्य +आंकन। यहाँ “अ” और “आ” मिलकर “आ” हो जा रहा है। यह एक दीर्घ संधि का प्रकार है।

'The prospect of a future generation' suggests that the writer is nationalistic in his/her outlook.

The synonym for mortuary is morgue.
Let us take a look at the lines, “The undertaker’s men arrived some moments ago, and they will be going to the mortuary to screw down the coffin. Shall I tell them to wait, for you to have a last glimpse of your mother?”
The undertaker's men are going to the mortuary. Mortuary is a room or building in which dead bodies are kept, for hygienic storage or for examination, until burial or cremation.
Morgue is a place where the bodies of dead persons are kept temporarily pending identification or release for burial or autopsy.
An undertaker is a person who manages after-death rituals.

The night before Christmas is also spoken of as Christmas eve.

• Option 1 is true as per the passage, which states that "we live in a hyperconnected era, where the boundary between the real and virtual worlds is increasingly blurred."
• Option 2 is also true. The passage mentions that digital platforms have "catapulted us into an era of unprecedented convenience and opportunity."
• Option 3 is incorrect. The passage portrays information overload and digital fatigue as potential pitfalls or negative consequences of the digital revolution, not as positive outcomes.
• Option 4 is indeed true according to the passage, which concludes with the assertion that "it's how we use it [technology] that ultimately defines its impact."

Therefore, the statement in Option 3 is false.

The given passage is about "SpaceX Starlink satellite". 

• The given word 'recommendations' means a suggestion or proposal as to the best course of action, especially one put forward by an authoritative body.
• In option B, the word 'Counsel' means advice, especially that given formally.

So, 'Counsel' is the correct word. 

An individual with a learning disability is likely to have language difficulties.

Many people use the abbreviations B.C. and A.D. with a year (for example, A.D. 2012).

• B.C. refers to "Before Christ,".
• The initials, A.D., stand for Anno Domini, which is Latin for "In the year of our Lord."
• So 2012 can also be written as AD 2012.
• This system was devised by a monk in the year 525.

The final wave of annexations of Indian territories occurred under Lord Dalhousie who was the Governor-General from 1848 to 1856.
He devised a policy that came to be known as the Doctrine of Lapse.
The doctrine declared that if an Indian ruler died without a male heir his kingdom would “lapse”, that is, become part of Company territory.
One kingdom after another was annexed simply by applying this doctrine:

• Satara (1848)
• Sambalpur (1850)
• Udaipur (1852)
• Nagpur (1853)
• Jhansi (1854).

Thus, we can conclude that by  applying the policy of  'Doctrine of Lapse', the British annexed the kingdoms of Satara, Udaipur and Jhansi.

To be marginalised is to be forced to occupy the sides or fringes and thus not be at the centre of things.

• In the social environment too, groups of people or communities may have the experience of being excluded.
• Their marginalisation can be because they speak a different language, follow different customs or belong to a different religious group from the majority community.
• They may also feel marginalised because they are poor, considered to be of ‘low’ social status and viewed as being less human than others.
• Sometimes, marginalised groups are viewed with hostility and fear.
• This sense of difference and exclusion leads to communities not having access to resources and opportunities and in their inability to assert their rights.
• They experience a sense of disadvantage and powerlessness vis-a-vis more powerful and dominant sections of the society; who own land, are wealthy, better educated and politically powerful.
• Thus, marginalisation is seldom experienced in one sphere.
• Economic, social, cultural and political factors work together to make certain groups in society feel marginalised.

Thus, option 4 is correct.

The student is already upset over writing a term paper. But the three approaches mentioned involve writing on a paper first, which is exactly what the student is not able to do or is upset to do. Here, the student can read the paper first to find out information that is required by her and then write down as per the assignment.

Diversity is the range of human differences, including but not limited to race, ethnicity, gender, gender identity, sexual orientation, age, social class, physical ability or attributes, religious or ethical values system, national origin, and political beliefs.

Putting the values given in the options on the LHS of the equations, and putting in the values of x = 5 and y = 8 we get,

So, LHS = RHS
The correct option is (1).

• Kalidasa- Meghaduta, Kumarasambhava, Raghuvamsa, Malvika and Agnimitra. So, option 2 is correct.
• Banabhatta- Harshacharita, Kadambari
• Amarasimha- Amarakosha
• Bilhana- Caurapañcāśikā

According to NCF 2005, the aim of education in social science should enable a student to analyze socio-political reality so that they can understand the role of people, government, media in society.

Marble is a metamorphic rock composed of recrystallised carbonate minerals, most commonly calcite or dolomite.

'Hiranya-Garbha' ritual was performed to declare the king as Kshatriya even if he was not one by birth.
Dantidurga overthrew his Chalukya overlord and performed a ritual called 'Hiranya-Garbha' which means 'the golden womb'. This was performed because they believed in rebirth of the sacrificer as a Kshatriya, even if he was not one by birth. Usually kings and warriors belonged to the Kshatriya caste.

The teacher has to contend with scheduling time in school library on internet.

History is a continuous process of interaction between historians and their facts, an unending dialogue between the present and the past.

• History teaching aims to stimulate the children’s interest and understanding of the life of people who lived in the past.

A model of teaching is a plan or pattern that can be used to shape curriculum (long-term courses of studies), to design instructional materials, and to guide instruction in the classroom.

The Chronological sequence for the given theories,

• Continental drift theory:
  • This theory discusses the displacement of the continents of the ocean basins in the present form
  • The tidal force of the moon is a major cause of displacement
• Plate tectonic:
  • This theory describes the plate movements and the associated events
  • It describes the continental drift, sea-floor spreading, etc.
• Convectional current: 
  • The theory is about the possibility of convection currents in the mantle.
  • These currents are generated due to radioactive elements causing thermal differences in the mantle.

Therefore, the correct sequence is Continental drift - Convectional current - Plate tectonic