UP TET Paper 2 Mock Test - 8 (Social Science) - UPTET MCQ

Retreat is not considered as a factor of cognition.
Cognitive factors refer to characteristics of the person that affect performance and learning. These factors serve to modulate performance such that it may improve or decline. These factors involve cognitive functions like attention, memory, and reasoning.

• Most psychologists today believe that our cognitions, i.e. our perceptions, memories, interpretations are essential ingredients of emotions.
• Stanley Schachter and Jerome Singer have proposed a two-factor theory in which emotions have two ingredients: physical arousal and a cognitive label.
• They presumed that our experience of emotion grows from our awareness of our present arousal. They also believed that emotions are physiologically similar.

Therefore, Anger, Hunger, and fear are factors of cognition.

In psychology, coping means to invest own conscious effort, to solve personal and interpersonal problems, in order to try to master, minimize or tolerate stress and conflict. Revolution does not belong to the category of coping strategies.

Failure is the state or conditioning of not meeting desirable goals and may be viewed as the opposite of success.
Cause of failure of students is:

• Lack of adequate practice.
• Student is unable to related or assimilate the information.
• Teaching through incorrect teaching methods.
• Not being compatible with the school environment.
• Students fail because teaching is done in a way that is meaningful to them.
• Because the school system does not take care of the needs and interests of the students.

​Hence, we can conclude that cause of failure of students is not to strive for assimilation.

Vygotsky on make-believe play and cognitive development:
Vygotsky viewed make-believe play as unique, broadly influential zone of proximal development in which children learn to act in accord with internal ideas rather than on impulse.

In the context of socio-cultural, psychologists proposed that human learning is largely a social process. Lev Vygotsky, a psychologist also proposed a theory that learning is developed through social interaction and plays an important role in the development of a learner's cognitive ability.​

Emotional Development: It is one of major aspects of human development. Emotions like love, anger, fear, etc. play a great role in the development of a child’s personality. It can be expressed in various ways, like facial expressions on the face, like gestures, like volume and tone of speech, by the behavioral display or motives of a person. There is no moment in our life when we do not experience emotions. They can result from a variety of external or internal stimulations.

'एक पत्र छाँह भी माँग मत' इस पंक्ति का आशय है- किसी की पेशकश स्वीकार नहीं करना चाहिए।
पद्यांश के अनुसार-

• ​कवि का कहना है कि मनुष्य अपनी प्रकृति के अनुसार माँगने लगता है अथवा अपनी परिस्थितियों से घबराकर दूसरों की सहायता माँगने लगता है।
• इससे उसका आत्मविश्वास कम होने लगता है। इसलिए अपनी कठिनाइयों का सामना स्वयं ही करना चाहिए।
• यदि थोड़ा भी आश्रय मिल जाए तो उसकी अवहेलना न करके धन्य मानना चाहिए।

प्राथमिक स्तर पर लेखन में प्रयोग आने वाली अनुकरण विधि 'स्पष्ट लेख' नहीं है।
पठन के सामान ही लेखन क्रिया/कौशल है जिसमे शिक्षार्थियों लिखने के लिए तत्पर किया जाता है। लेखन कला/कौशल चारो भाषा कौशलों (सुनना, बोलना, पढ़ना, लिखना) में सबसे अंतिम चरण है। यह बच्चों द्वारा अपने भावों और मौलिक विचारों को अर्थपूर्ण तरीके से लिखित रूप देने तथा विभिन्न उद्देश्यों के लिए लिखने की क्षमता से संबंधित है।
प्राथमिक स्तर पर लेखन का विकास अनुकरण विधि से किया जाता है। 
अनुकरण की निम्न लिखित विधियाँ साधारणतः प्रयोग में लायी जाती हैं:

• अनुलेख- किसी आदर्श लिखावट का जैसा का तैसा अनुकरण, अनुलेख कहलाता है।
• प्रतिलेख- प्रतिलेख में छात्र स्वतंत्र रूप से किसी पुस्तक या पत्र-पत्रिका के किसी भाग का अनुकरण करके अपनी काॅपी में लिखता है।
• श्रुतिलेख- श्रुतिलेख सुना हुआ लेख है। इसमें अध्यापक बोलता जाता है और छात्र सुनकर बोली हुई सामग्री लिखता है।

गद्यांश के अनुसार:जनता के व्यापक हित पर प्रतिकूल प्रभाव डालने वाली स्वतन्त्रता बाधित भी की जानी चाहिए।

• चुनाव पूर्व सर्वेक्षण एवं एक्जिट पोल का लोकतन्त्र में क्या महत्त्व है? यह प्रश्न विचारणीय है।
• भारतीय संविधान ने भी अनुच्छेद 19 (i) के अन्तर्गत नागरिकों को अभिव्यक्ति की स्वतन्त्रता प्रदान की है, लेकिन जनता के व्यापक हित पर प्रतिकूल प्रभाव डालने वाली स्वतन्त्रता बाधित भी की जानी चाहिए। 

औचित्य-अनौचित्य क्रमश: विलोम शब्द है।
‘औचित्य’ शब्द का उचित विलोम शब्द ‘अनौचित्य’ है। 

"मुझे धूप ने बुलाया है" पंक्ति में मानवीकरण अलंकार है।
कवि ने धूप को मानव का रूप देकर उससे आह्वान दिलवाया है। इस प्रकार यहाँ प्रकृति का मानवीकरण किया गया है।
रूपक अलंकार के उदहराण:
मैया ! मैं तो चन्द्र-खिलौना लैहों।
चरण-कमल बन्दों हरिराई।
उपमा अलंकार के उदहराण:
पीपर पात सरिस मन ड़ोला।
मुख चन्द्रमा-सा सुन्दर है।
अनुप्रास अलंकार के उदाहरण:
मुदित महिपति मंदिर आए।
बंदौ गुरु पद पदुम परगा।

वर्तनी- शब्द में प्रयुक्त ध्वनियों को जिस क्रम से उच्चरित किया जाता है, लिखने में भी उसी क्रम से विन्यस्त करने का नाम वर्तनी या वर्ण-विन्यास है। यदि वर्णों का उच्चारण शुद्ध न किया जाए, तो लिखने में भी अशुद्धियाँ हो जाती हैं।
स्व-वर्तनी- स्व-वर्तनी का अर्थ है अपनी वर्तनी होता है, अर्थात जैसा बोलना वैसा ही लिखना।

Grammar is the set of rules concerned with the use of words in the context to construct meaningful sentences. There are different kinds of grammar teaching methods in fashion which makes learning a fruitful process.

The given passage is about Artificial Intelligence.

• Let us refer to the line from the passage, "The progress in AI is also bringing steady consequences e.g. eradicating jobs by the means of work automation,  one such scenario can be seen in the Industry 4.0  framework, which is nowadays in use in the automobile industry".
• From the given passage we get to know as there is steady progress in AI, the usage of machines, software have tremendously increased in the work field. This in turn has reduced the jobs. 

So, 'By work automation' is the correct option.

The teaching of English must be done in a way so that reduces errors and compels students to use English in their daily life and gives them confidence and satisfaction while using the language. The main purpose of teaching a language in education is to make a child proficient in that specific language.

• Fluency in English means that the child can use the basic skills of language which are listening, speaking, reading, and writing.  
• One who can perform these basic skills properly and collectively with full accuracy and speed is said to be fluent in English.
• Fluency is related to the one specific domain in a language whereas proficiency means that a person can collectively use all the language skills together and can smoothly use them in their life.
• A person who is proficient is said to be fluent in a specific language. But it is not necessary that a person who is fluent will always be proficient in that language.
• A fluent person can use a skill smoothly at a time but a proficient person can use all the skills together at a time.       
• The teacher must create opportunities to use the language for communication among learners to develop their fluency and proficiency in English.
• This can be done by conducting several language-based activities such as discussions, drama, dialogues, conversations, debates, questionnaires, etc.

Therefore, it is concluded that when a child has acquired all the language skills then he is said to be proficient in that language.

While checking the notebooks the teacher observed that a child has repeatedly made some errors in writing such as reverse images as b – d, m – w. The child is showing signs of learning disability.
Learning disability refers to a neurological disorder that causes cognitive impairment.
Dyslexia is the most common learning disability which results in reverse or mirror images of the alphabet. It is a learning disability that makes learners:

• unable to read and interpret letters and words.
• confuse with the same shapes and sounds of the alphabet.
• bewilder in identifying and relating speech sounds with letters and words.

Communicative competence is the ability not only to apply the grammatical rules of a language to form grammatically correct sentences but also to know when and where to use these sentences and to whom. 

• Communicative competence as a goal, through various Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) methodologies, allows L2 speakers the cultural and linguistic knowledge needed to handle the interactional challenges presented to them.
• The communicative/functional-notional approach lo syllabus design. materials development and classroom interaction have been the centre of much discussion and debate in recent years. The approach seeks to develop among learners 'communicative competence' (the ability to put language to effective practical use) as opposed to purely linguistic knowledge. If communication is the primary objective of all language use, then it should be the primary objective of all language learning programs as well. 

Thus, we can conclude that communicative competence is the ability to use language in different situations. 

'Imagination' is a noun. 'Imagine' is a verb and so is 'imagined'. Also, 'imaginative' and 'imaginary' are adjectives.

Textbooks are considered to be the first and foremost tools of the teaching-learning process for both students and teachers. Text book acts as a guide for students and teachers to proceed through different chapters and lessons of the curriculum in a particular sequence which leads to the true construction of knowledge.

The method suitable at the practice stage of learning is deductive method because deductive reasoning, also deductive logic, logical deduction is the process of reasoning from one or more statements (premises) to reach a logically certain conclusion. It differs from inductive reasoning and abductive reasoning. Deductive reasoning links premises with conclusions.

For classrooms in all grade levels, from preschool to high school and beyond, bulletin boards are an effective teaching tool.

• Bulletin boards can be utilized for many purposes, including informing students, reinforcing lessons, showcasing student work, and more.
• The bulletin board is a board that is typically mounted to a wall where announcements with information about something are posted.  
• The message on the bulletin board may be in the form of words, graphs, charts, photographs, etc. 

Thus, we can conclude that bulletin board is typically used to display all kinds of creative works of students in the classroom.

Bloom concentrated on the study of the cognitive domain. The classification of objectives is known as Bloom's taxonomy of objectives or Taxonomy of educational objectives in 1956.

•  It is categorized into three categories: Cognitive, affective, and psychomotor domains.

A - H; B - F; C - E; D - G
Chirand is in Bihar.
Koldihwa is in Uttar Pradesh.
Burzahom is in Kashmir.
Hallur is in Andhra Pradesh.

Valuing observable facts over individual preferences in deriving deduction is called Reasoning.

Science as a discipline has its unique perspective. Science is not limited to observation, experimentation, and analysis only; rather it is a way of life. Science is an expanding body of knowledge through the process of inquiry.

A timeline is a way of displaying a list of events in chronological order, sometimes described as a project artifact. Timelines can be best utilised for teaching ancient history, as the students need to be aware of the events and their dates, which can be better retained using timelines.

Land is a part of the natural environment, not the environment around people. Community and religion are elements of the human environment.

• The maintenance of all terrestrial ecosystems as well as the life and prosperity of humanity depend on the availability of land as a natural resource. People have gotten increasingly skilled at using the resources of the earth for their purposes throughout millennia.
• The most valuable natural resource is land. Because humans utilize water for so many things—including agriculture, forestry, mining, construction of homes and roads, and the establishment of industries—it is seen as a crucial resource. Additionally, it serves as a home for a wide range of plants and animals.

Hence, the correct answer is land is not a component of the human environment.

'Cynicism' means 'distrust'. In order to prevent distrust on democratic institutions, a teacher can emphasise the ideal functioning and principles of these institutions, and the public being informed about their rights and duties. B and C are incorrect as these concepts make a person cynic by removing his trust from democracy and democratic institutions.

Project work, fieldwork, and other forms of experiential learning are necessary to incorporate local knowledge, traditional skills, diversity among the learners, and learning environments into the body of knowledge known as the social sciences, which deals with the social and cultural aspects of human life.

Blooms Taxonomy: 

• The Blooms Taxonomy is a hierarchical classification of the cognitive, emotional, and psychomotor domains, and each domain includes some learning goals that can support both teacher instruction and student learning.