Test: Power-sharing - 2 - UPSC MCQ

The civil war in Sri Lanka had a detrimental impact on the country's economy and population. It resulted in a significant setback to economic development, widespread destruction, loss of lives, and the emergence of a large refugee population seeking safety in other countries, disrupting the social and economic dynamics of Sri Lanka.

Sri Lanka emerged as an independent country in 1948.

During the 1950s and 1960s, a significant factor contributing to tension and domination in Belgium was ethnic conflicts.

Belgium experienced considerable tension between the Dutch-speaking Flemish community and the French-speaking Walloon community. The ethnic and linguistic divide led to conflicts over political power, economic resources, and cultural recognition, contributing to regional and national tensions.

Answer:

2. Ethnic conflicts

In 1956, the Official Language Act No. 33 declared Sinhala as the only official language, replacing English which had been imposed under British colonial rule.

The European Parliament has three places of work – Brussels (Belgium), the city of Luxembourg and Strasbourg (France). Luxembourg is home to the administrative offices (the "General Secretariat"). Meetings of the whole Parliament ("plenary sessions") take place in Strasbourg and in Brussels.

Correct Answer :- D

China is not a federal country. There is a communist party in China. Federal is relating to a system of government in which several states form a unity but remain independent in internal affairs.

The Eighth Schedule of the Indian Constitution lists 22 languages, which have been referred to as scheduled languages and given recognition, status and official encouragement

The Sri Lankan Tamils launched parties and struggles for the recognition of Tamil as an official language, for regional autonomy and equality of opportunity in securing education and jobs. But their demand for more autonomy to provinces populated by the Tamils was repeatedly denied. By 1980s several political organizations were formed demanding an independent Tamil Elam (state) in northern and eastern parts of Sri Lanka. The distrust between the two communities turned into widespread conflict. It soon turned into a Civil War. 

A 'holding-together' federation is where a large country decides to divide its power between the constituent states and the national government. India, Spain, and Belgium are examples of this kind of federation.

The rising era of Coalition government and regional politics has given rise to inter-relation between center and state governments.  The word 'coalition' means a collective type that decides to work collectively jointly in an alliance to achieve a shared goal between two or more individuals, factions, governments, political parties, military forces, etc. Tolerance and in case of no single party rule makes it easier.

Power sharing ensures that all people have stake in government.
Power sharing ensures maximum participation. It upholds the concept of people’s rule. It always brings better outcomes in democracy. It ensures the political stability in democracy.
Power sharing accommodates diverse groups. It helps to reduce the possibility of conflict between social groups.