PS TET Paper 1: Child Development and Pedagogy Test - 4 - PS TET MCQ

Mastery over the subject matter is one of the very essential factors of a teacher that affect the process of learning. 

In order to avoid gender stereotyping in class, a teacher should try to put both boys and girls on non-traditional roles. A teacher should take care of each child irrespective of their gender. He/she should ensure the students' maximum potential. Everyone has the right to education. A teacher should ensure that his/her students derive maximum benefit from education.
Hence, the correct answer is, 'Try to put both boys and girls in non-traditional roles.'

Adolescence is a phase of life of a person when he is no more a child and not yet an adult. Life is full of tremendous energy. Curiosity and experimentation at one time pave the path to success and at another, may cause uncertainty. 

Useful strategies for teaching students with mental retardation include the following:

• Teach one concept or activity component at a time
• Teach one step at a time to help support memorisation and sequencing
• Teach students in small groups, or one-on-one if possible
• Always provide multiple opportunities to practice skills in a number of different settings
• Use physical and verbal prompting to guide correct responses, and provide specific verbal praise to reinforce these responses

'Dyslexia' is a term known for reading disorder. The person having this disorder faces difficulty in learning to read or interpret words, letters, and other symbols, but it is not related to general intelligence. It will not have any impact on a person's general intelligence. It is a hereditary disorder that mostly runs in families. Hence, the correct answer is, 'Reading disorder.'

Individual differences refer to how individuals differ from each other. Different people have different interests; and their behavior is influenced by these interests, likings, dislikings, values, beliefs, etc. 
For example, you may like dancing and gossiping with friends, but your friend may not like these

Informal education is a form of education that is learnt by the student outside the school. Family plays a major role in the informal education of a child. 

Fluency, elaboration, originality and flexibility are associated with divergent thinking. Divergent thinking is creating multiple ideas, unique possible solutions, or ideas of a problem in a short period. Fluency, elaboration, originality, and flexibility are the dimensions of Divergent thinking and are associated with giftedness. Divergent thinking is important in the creative thinking process. Guilford (1986) considered creative thinking as involving divergent thinking, consisting of four elements: fluency, flexibility, originality, and elaboration. 
Thus, this is the correct answer. 

Adolescence is a phase of life of a person when he is no more a child and not yet an adult. Life is full of tremendous energy. Curiosity and experimentation at one time pave the path to success and at another, may cause uncertainty. 

Lying and stealing are common, but inappropriate, behaviors in school-aged children. While some severe forms of these behaviors can indicate a more serious psychological problem, most of the time it is simply a common behavior that will be outgrown.
During the school years, stealing may be a sign of a problem, but it may also be a result of peer pressure and the need for the child to fit in. It is important to look at the whole situation and address it accordingly.

Arnold Gesell gives the Maturational Theory. He explained that mature is a genetic factor, and it plays an important role in children's development; the influence of the environment is not more important than genes. Children take birth by genes; their habits are like their parents, their sitting posture, how they eat, how they walk, etc., all depends on their parents. He believes that development is a biological process that occurs automatically in sequential stages, which means genes play an important role in developing a child.
Hence, the correct answer is "Maturational Theory".

Mainstreaming and inclusion are the parts of the pedagogical response.

• Mainstreaming is the practice of educating students with disabilities in the same general education classrooms as students without disabilities to the maximum extent appropriate.
• Inclusion is a more comprehensive approach to educating students with disabilities that goes beyond mainstreaming. It involves the full participation of students with disabilities in all aspects of school life, including the general education curriculum, extracurricular activities, and social events.
• Pedagogical integration refers to the process of incorporating different instructional strategies, approaches, and methodologies into teaching and learning practices.

Cognition is defined as the act of gaining knowledge through senses, thought and know-how.

Sternberg's Triarchic Theory of Intelligence is also known as three forms of intelligence propounded by Robert Sternberg, who was a prominent figure in the research of human intelligence. The theory explains the basic information processing components consist of three facets:

• Componential-Analytical Subtheory
• Experiential-Creative Subtheory
• Practical-Contextual Subtheory

Hence, the correct answer is, 'Practical Intelligence.'

Critical thinking is clear, rational, and disciplined. The thinker is open to reorganizing and raising the efficiency of his thought process by reflecting on them. 
Creating a forum for students to debate points of view:

• A debate is an organized argument or idea in which the participants discuss a topic.
• It allows students to analyze arguments, evidence, and ideas.
• It broadens critical thinking skills.
• Critical thinking skill is the ability to identify the central issue or the unifying theme and the possible assumptions of an argument.
• In debate, students put their points of view in front of each other which develops their critical thinking skills.

Thus, it is concluded that creating a forum for students to debate points of view is the best strategy that supports a teacher’s goal to incorporate critical thinking skills into language arts lessons.

Learning is a process that is influenced by various factors; physical factors such as health, nutrition, defects, etc; mental factors such as emotions, behavior, etc; and desire for learning of the child which depends on his will to gain knowledge.

The definition of a talented and gifted child is widely varied. They may be extraordinary in the area of intellectual ability or in specific academic areas like dance, art, music, etc. Gifted children show a range of characteristics that often set them apart from their peers. The IQ related to giftedness is 130 or more. This trait begins in early childhood. According to the study of the 1970s, this giftedness is the result of genetic endowment and also comes from the rich environment in which a child grows. It is known that intelligence is linked to heredity and genetic predisposition.
Hence, the correct answer is, 'Genetic makeup' and 'Environmental motivation'.

Peer Assessment: It refers to one student or a group of students assessing other students. In peer assessment, a student’s work is evaluated by other students of his/her group. The students, in a group, share their experiences and learn better from each other. In active learning, students involve in doing things and think about the things they are doing.

The word intrapersonal means within the self-so, intrapersonal intelligence is another term for self-awareness or introspection. People who have high intrapersonal intelligence are aware of their emotions, motivations, beliefs, and goals. They are able to discriminate among similar emotions.

A student of any class having a problem of  'visual deficiency' should be treated normally within the classroom and provided support through audio CDs. Children suffering from 'visual deficiency are unable to see, in that case, they should be provided adequate support through audio lectures so that they also gain the same level of understanding as other students.
Hence, the correct answer is, 'Treated normally in the classroom and provided support through audio CDs.'

Assessment is conducted in different phases of the teaching-learning process. Some assessments are conducted before the beginning of the teaching-learning process; some assessments are carried out during the teaching-learning process; and other kinds of assessments are conducted at the end of the instructional process. 

Curriculum is prepared by the school for planning the sequence and the content that is taught in a school for a required period of time.

Sternberg's Triarchic Theory of Intelligence is also known as three forms of intelligence propounded by Robert Sternberg, who was a prominent figure in the research of human intelligence. The theory explains the basic information processing components consist of three facets:

• Componential-Analytical Subtheory
• Experiential-Creative Subtheory
• Practical-Contextual Subtheory

Hence, the correct answer is, 'Practical Intelligence.'

Evaluation is done to assess or evaluate someone's performance in a specified field. It is a component of assessment in education.
The purpose of CCE are:

• Greater focus is given to learning rather than on conducting tests and examinations.
• It reduces stress and anxiety, which often build up among young students during and after the examination.
• It contributes to the holistic development of learners as it gives importance to both scholastic and co-scholastic areas.
• CCE is used as an instrument of preparing learners for future life by making them physically fit, mentally alert, emotionally balanced, and socially adjusted.
• It aims to reduce the curricular workload on students to improve the overall abilities and skills of the students.

So, it is concluded that the purpose of Continuous and Comprehensive Evaluation is to contribute to the holistic development of learners.

'Modelling' refers to imitation. Imitation is directly linked to observation. Bandura claims that children continually learn desirable and undesirable behaviours through observational learning. Observational learning suggests that an individual's environment, cognition, and behaviour all integrate and ultimately determine how the individual functions.

A school gives preference to girls while preparing students for state-level solo song competitions. This reflects gender bias; this happens because girls are suppressed by their families, so schools want them to explore more and more by motivating and providing them with the opportunity and fully support them. Girls are also strong in this kind of field, and just because of their gender, everyone thing they won, but it is not true, talent also plays an important role, and with talent, there is a maximum chance of winning the competition. 
Hence, the correct answer is "Gender bias".

Errors are the faults made by the student during their learning. Errors help students to find out their weak points of view regarding the problem and also make a chance to improve their learning. Errors are made because of the different thought processes of the students regarding the problem.

A teacher with the proper knowledge of her subject is able to explain the concepts properly in the class. This is the main factor that determines her potential as a teacher.

Alfred Binet who was a French Psychologist invented the first practical IQ test that came to be known as the Binet-Simon test. the idea behind developing this is so that to find out the students who did not learn effectively from regular classroom instruction so extra efforts can be done to give them remedial work.
Hence, the correct answer is, 'Alfred Binet.'

Creativity is the ability to come up with or generate creative ideas and possibilities. It involves thinking in new and original ways to reach a solution.