PS TET Paper 1: Child Development and Pedagogy Test - 9 - PS TET MCQ

The teacher can deal with the individual differences of the students if she is aware of the abilities, interest and aptitudes of each student. She can then concentrate on each student and help them overcome the difficulties that they have.

"Readiness for learning" refers to the cognitive level of students in the learning continuum. Readiness for learning means how a person seeks out knowledge on their own. This trait in students stimulates maximum achievement. Motivation, inspiration, or the dreams to accomplish a goal helps a lot to achieve this readiness for learning in life.
Hence, the correct answer is, 'Present cognitive level of students in the learning continuum.'

Progressive education advocates that young learners should be given the freedom to learn according to their preferences and likes

One of the oldest arguments in the history of psychology is the 'nature vs nurture' debate. Each of these sides has good point that it is really hard to decide whether a person's development is predisposed in his DNA, or a majority of it is influenced by his life's experiences and his environment. 

The reason behind Kritika's this behaviour shows that her thoughts get acknowledged in schools. Sometimes it happens with children, if they feel that they are not being given importance or no one will praise them then they adopt such kind of behaviour that they talk only to those people who praise them gives due importance. Hence, the correct answer is, 'Her thoughts get acknowledged in schools.'

Ankit, a 12 years boy, is not enrolled in school due to some circumstances. He has requisite computational skills and intends to enroll in a school to learn. Ankit has an aptitude for learning.

• An aptitude test is designed to assess what a person is capable of doing or to predict what a person is able to learn or do given the right education and instruction.
• It represents a person's level of competency to perform a certain type of task.
• Aptitude can be defined as someone’s natural ability to do something.
• Teaching aptitude, hence, refers to an individual’s innate ability in teaching.
• It can also be defined as the ability of a person to teach, once they are given the necessary training.

Therefore, we can conclude that Ankit, a 12 years boy, is not enrolled in a school due to some circumstances. He has requisite computational skills and intends to enroll in a school to learn. Ankit has an aptitude for learning.

The concrete operational stage is defined as the stage of child development in which a child starts performing mental operations and starts thinking logically. This stage occurs in children at the age of 7 – 11 years.

The word Motive is derived from the Latin word 'moving'. It causes a person to act or behave in order to reach a goal or desired endpoint. A motive is a reason for doing something. It is an inner force that stimulates and provides a specific direction to a person to do something. It is divided into three types;- Biological, Social and Personal. 
Hence, the correct answer is, 'Motive.'

Progressive education advocates that young learners should be given the freedom to learn according to their preferences and likes

For Vygotsky, although biological factors constitute the necessary pre-requisite for elementary processes to emerge, socio-cultural factors are indispensable for elementary natural processes to develop. He argues for the uniqueness of the social milieu and regards socio-cultural settings as the primary and determining factor in the development of higher forms of human mental activity such as voluntary attention, intentional memory, logical thought, planning, and problem solving.

Learning is a process where we live, talk with others, learn new things which means we are interacting with others, and learning different skills like sitting, walking, eating, etc. We gain knowledge of what we are not aware of and also learn various skills that help us in the future.
Hence, the correct answer is "All of the above".

Howard Gardner gives the theory of multiple intelligence. Intelligence consists of the collection, analysis, and evaluation, of information for positive intelligence and the conduct of typical activities. Interpersonal intelligence is the ability to understand and interact effectively with others in society.

Plain demonstration and experiments by teachers is the best way to enable the students to learn on their own and sharpen their observation skills.

The Law of effect principle was propounded by Edward Thorndike. According to this principle, any behavior is followed by pleasant consequences that get repeated whereas if it is followed by unpleasant consequences it gets stops. Edward Thorndike has given a learning theory that leads to the development of operant conditioning within Behaviorism.
Hence, the correct answer is, 'E.L Thorndike.'

Autism Spectrum Disorder is a type of intellectual disability.

• The autism spectrum or autistic spectrum describes a range of conditions classified as pervasive developmental disorders in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM). 
• The term "autism spectrum" is often used to describe disorders that are currently classified as pervasive developmental disorders.
• The pervasive developmental disorders include autism, Asperger syndrome, Childhood disintegrative disorder, Rett syndrome and Pervasive Developmental Disorder Not Otherwise Specified.
• These disorders are typically characterized by social deficits, communication difficulties, stereotyped or repetitive behaviors and interests, and/or cognitive delays.
• Although these diagnoses share some common features, individuals with these disorders are thought to be "on the spectrum" because of differences in severity across these domains.

Therefore, we can conclude that Autism Spectrum Disorder is a type of intellectual disability.

Juvenile delinquents are the children who get involved in illegal activities. Teachers must talk to these students frankly and guide them to the correct path. These students cannot be controlled by the strict behavior of the teacher or by punishment.

Everyone has their own viewpoint regarding any type of issue. A teacher should accept and respect the perception of every child. Negating their viewpoints can lose their confidence, and they may get reluctant to the learning. It is the duty of every teacher to encourage every child and allow them to think creatively and logically. Hence, the correct answer is, 'a teacher should not interrupt or correct students while they are trying to communicate ideas.'

Autism is a developmental disorder that is characterized by impaired development in communication, social interaction, and behaviour. Autism afflicts one out of every 100 to 166 children and it affects the lives of many children and their families.

Heredity and Environment operate together to produce a person's intelligence, temperament, height, weight, etc. The relative contributions of heredity and environment are not additive. It cannot be said that such-and-such percentage of nature, and such-and-such percentage of experience makes us who we are. The genetic expression also does not happen just once. Genes produce proteins throughout the lifespan, in many different environments.

Jean Piaget has proposed the cognitive development of theory in which he identified four stages of children's intellectual development. These stages are, the sensorimotor stage which occurs from birth to 2 years, the preoperational stage which occurs from 2 years to 7 years, the concrete operational stage which occurs from 7 years to 11 years and the formal operational stage (abstract thinking) which occurs from 11 years and above.
Hence, the correct answer is, 'Piaget.'

Reading refer to the well-planned reading approach which helps the learners to comprehend and perceive the meaning of the text effectively. It is an active skill that includes perception, recognition, association, understanding, organization and finding meaning.

Jean-Jacques Rousseau considered education as the process of learning for the children to develop their natural abilities from within. According to him, education was not only the means of gaining knowledge, but also the way for complete development of child.

The Law of effect principle was propounded by Edward Thorndike. According to this principle, any behavior is followed by pleasant consequences that get repeated whereas if it is followed by unpleasant consequences it gets stops. Edward Thorndike has given a learning theory that leads to the development of operant conditioning within Behaviorism.
Hence, the correct answer is, 'E.L Thorndike.'

Learning disability refers to a neurological disorder that causes cognitive impairment. Reading disorders are part of learning disabilities.

The teacher should focus on every child so that no one feels leftover, scolding weak students will discourage them, the teachers to support them so that they get motivation from their support. When children have positive support then they can work better than before and when we applause for someone and appraise for something then that children will boost up their morale.
Hence, the correct answer is "Applause and tell them to do work".

Favour to a particular favourite student in the examination is unfair for other students. This is how children will learn a habit of cheating. Next time, they won't try to learn their lessons and who deserve the best marks will never get a chance. The children will not focus on a study that will make them dull students.
Hence, the correct answer is "Lodge a complaint against him to the principal".

"Jean Piaget", a Swiss psychologist, is famous for his work on child development. He made a systematic study of cognitive development in his theory that is categorized in four stages.

When dealing with the students at the primary level, the best method to enable a child to express his views on public issues is using wall magazines. Wall magazine is a means by which students can share their views with each other in the form of charts, articles, drawings, poems, etc.

Every individual has a different mode of thinking, remembering, problem-solving, perceiving, etc. The three major types of cognitive learning are classical conditioning, operant conditioning and observational learning. Some examples of learning styles are Tactual, Visual, Logical, etc. Visual learning style is a learning style in which a learner needs to see information to process it.
Hence, the correct answer is, 'Visual.'

Emotions are a complex pattern of arousal, subjective feeling, and cognitive interpretation.