Test: Education & Leadership (Socialization Process) - Software Development MCQ

The process of learning to internalize the values and norms into itself or the mode of learning to live in society is called the process of socialization. It may be defined more comprehensively as a life-long process of inculcation whereby an individual learns the principles, values, and symbols of the social system in which he participates and the expression of those values and norms in the roles he enacts.

• Socialization may be classified into two broad groups:
  • Primary socialization
  • Secondary socialization.
• Primary socialization- Inculcation of norms and values within the family is called primary socialization. Here children want to know themselves and try to find their identity and learn the daily routine tasks of humans.
  • Example: Family, toilet training, etc.
• Secondary socialization- The process of imbibing norms, values, and behavior patterns of school may be called secondary socialization.
  • Example: Church, School, Media, etc.

Key Points ​ Characteristics of primary socialization:

• Primary socialization begins from the age of infancy.
• Self-identity formed.
• Children start to go familiar with their innate abilities and disabilities.
• Children start learning their daily needs, such as toilet training.
• So option (1) is the correct answer.

Important Points Some important characteristics of socialization:

• It is a lifelong process, it occurs throughout life.
• The roles a person enacts are the expressions of his social nature. 
• The nature of what one communicates in society is determined by the influence of one's interaction with society. ​

Additional Information

Some theories on socialization are:

​​Socialization refers to the process by which a child learns to interact with others around them. they get skills to communicate with others and process their action as they mature and see their own identity within their group.

Key Points

• Primary agents of socialization- The most important socialization forces in a person's life are the primary agents of socialization. They have the largest impact during childhood when children are still learning how to interact with the environment. it is influenced most by the immediate family and friends.
  • The family- For most people, especially those in their first 5 years of life, it is the primary agent of socialization. It is the child's first social encounter with the outside world. Learning takes place informally and good and bad behavior is approved or rejected based on reward and punishment.
  • Peer group- peer group members are typically children of the same age and similar status. However, as a child grows older, it begins to form its own peer group based on the same interests, similar income levels, and social status. This peer group has an impact on the individual in areas such as appearance, lifestyle, social activities, etc.

Hence, we conclude that the immediate family is the primary agent of socialization for children.

HintBooks and magazines, parents' workplaces, and staff at hospitals are not primary agents of socialization as they do not provide children with their first social contact with the world. They can be considered secondary agents of socialization.

Additional InformationSecondary socialization- It happens once the infant enters the childhood stage and continues until adulthood. It takes place outside the home. For example schools, parents' workplaces, colleges, etc.

The process of learning to internalize the values and norms into itself or the mode of learning to live in society is called the process of socialization. It may be defined more comprehensively as a life-long process of inculcation whereby an individual learns the principles, values, and symbols of the social system in which he participates and the expression of those values and norms in the roles he enacts.

Key Points

• Socialization may be classified into two broad groups:
  • Primary socialization
  • Secondary socialization.
• Primary socialization- Inculcation of norms and values within the family is called primary socialization. Here children want to know themselves and try to find their identity and learn the daily routine tasks of humans.
  • Example: Family.
• Secondary socialization- The process of imbibing norms, values, and behavior patterns of school may be called secondary socialization.
  • Example: Church, School, Media, etc.
• So that option (4) is the correct answer.​

Important Points 
some important characteristics of socialization:

• It is a lifelong process.
• The roles a person enacts are the expressions of his social nature. 
• The nature of what one communicates in society is determined by the influence of one's interaction with society. 

Additional Information

The correct answer is Shopping.

Key Points

• Socialization:
  • It is a process in which humans are integrated into society through customary learning that influences their personalities throughout their lives.
  • When a person is born, the first agent of socialization is his family, where he learns the first things about the world, such as walking, speaking, a language, how to eat, among others.
  • Later, the school is his second agent of socialization where he has contact with people different from his/her family.

Additional Information

• In addition, he acquires a large part of his knowledge, improves his communication, and is integrated into a system of conduct and morals.
• Although people interact all around their lives, however, most of the significant socializing happen during their childhood.
• These impress the social norms upon a person.
• Agency of Socialization
  • The six elements include -
  • Family
  • School/Books
  • Peer groups
  • Mass media elements
  • Culture
  • Religion
• Therefore, Shopping is not an agency of Socialization. Hence, Option 3 is correct. 

Socialization is the process through which communities transact or educate their members about the norms and values of society to be socially acceptable.

• It simply refers to acquiring the socially approved ways of behavior and taking ideal expectations seriously.
• Socialization is the continuous process of negotiating identities and shaping one’s concept of self, identity, various attitudes, and behaviors. 
• Socialization has 4 major agents namely family, school, peers, and mass media. 

Key Points Types of Socialization:

1) Primary Socialization: 

• It happens during infancy and childhood. It refers to the process where the child becomes socialized through the family in the early childhood years. 
  • This highlights that the key agent in the process of primary socialization is the family.
  • For example, a very young child in a family has little knowledge of his culture. It is through the family that the child gets to know what is accepted and what is not in a particular society.

2) Secondary Socialization: 

• It occurs once the infant passes into the childhood phase and continues into maturity. It refers to the process that begins in the later years through agencies such as neighborhood, school, and peer groups. 
  • During this phase more than the family, some other agents of socialization like the neighborhood, school, and peers’ group begin to play a role in socializing the child.
  • For example, Schools help children in learning the importance of social cohesion and unity and inculcating the informal cues about social roles through interaction.

Hence, it could be concluded that school comes under a secondary agent of socialization.

The Play-way level school is based on the physiological principle of development and growth to keep the child fit and fight diseases. In these schools, there are no strict rules for learning, but education is learned by the way of playing.

• The aim of these schools is to remove the boring classroom environment by incorporating appropriate games to provide children with rich, meaningful, and balanced learning.
• It helps children to be socialized and enables the overall development of the children by helping them to reach full potential in all aspects of life.

• The play-way method is a complete package that enables the overall development of the child by developing in terms of feelings, intellect, and skills parameters. The Play-way method is mostly “Activity-based” or “Hands-on Experience”, children learn to cooperate in playing together. They learn to adjust their needs and desires to the behavior of their peers. In a very real sense, the child begins to develop a sense of self as distinct from the family. Thus, primary socialization takes place in infancy and childhood.
• It not only focuses on subjective development but the emotional development of the child as well.
• In this method, playing acts as the driving force as the entire learning method revolves around activity-based learning. It encourages expression and creative skills among children.

Key Points

Play way level is a method of teaching for lower classes that emphasize upon:

• enabling the overall development of the child.
• providing children with rich, meaningful, and balanced learning.

• removing the monotonous classroom environment by incorporating appropriate games.

• promoting the physiological principle of development and growth to keep the child fit and fight diseases.

Hence, we can conclude that there are/is no strict rules/methods to learn, but education is learned by the way of playing, which is correct regarding the play-way level.

Socialization is the process by which we acquire the culture of the society into which we are born - the process by which we acquire our social characteristics and learn the ways of thought and behaviour considered appropriate in our society. During the process of socialization

• children learn about their family traditions from their elders and preserve them and pass them on to the next generation as they grow older.
• helps children to learn and perform the different roles and responsibilities which they have learnt from their elders. 

Agents of Socialization- 

Thus from above-mentioned points, it is clear that physical Infrastructure does not play a role in the socialization of children. 

Socialization is an important process that plays an important part in learning.

• It is a lifelong process of inheriting norms, customs, and values.
• It is the process by which children learn from others. Learning from others starts at an early age of life and continues throughout life.
• However, some of the important socialization occurs in infancy and childhood.

Key Points

Nature of socialization:- 

1. It is an interactional process.
2. It is a lifelong process and dynamic in nature. 
3. Individuals learn to play social norms. 
4. Lifelong modification in behavior. 
5. It defines the role of the individual in society. 
6. Transmission of manners and culture.

Hence, it is concluded that the interactional process is the nature of socialization.

Additional Information

Agents of socialization:-

• The family. 
• The school. 
• The peer group.
• Mass media.

Socialization is a process of learning the rules, habits and values of a group. It is a process that continues throughout life from birth till adulthood. However, there are different phases in which the process takes place. These phases are usually spread across different age groups and have been categorized as different types of socialization.

Key Points

Developmental socialization-

• This kind of socialization involves a learning process where the focus is more on developing social skills pertaining to the culture and one's own stage of development.
• For example, a Senior High School student begins teaching English to new students in order to improve verbal communication.
• Although this kind of socialization can occur at any time, it is frequently believed to occur throughout childhood and adolescence.
• Children pick up crucial social skills like how to interact with people, how to handle conflict, and how to make friends throughout these years.

Hence, we conclude that in developmental socialization, the focus is more on developing social skills pertaining to the culture and one's stage of development.

Additional Information

Socialization is a process by which an individual becomes a member of society through a mechanism of interaction.

• Its purpose is to prepare individuals for future roles.
• Socialization is a process of acquiring values, beliefs, and expectations.
• Socialization is a process in which a person adapts all the social behaviour as-
  • Adaptation of social values and principles.
  • Adaptation of cultural rituals
  • Adaptation of skills
• Socialization is a combination of personality development and cultural development.

Key Points 
Agents Responsible for Socialization:

• Primary Agents of Socialization- They are family members and relatives as they are the ones whom children interact with since birth.
• Secondary Agents of Socialization- These are a school, neighbourhood, media, peer group, laws of society etc.
• School is an important agent of socialization.
• During the secondary phase, more than the family, some other agents of socialisation like the school and friends’ group begin to play a role in socialising the child.

Hence, from the above-mentioned points, it becomes clear that School is an important agent of socialization.

Socialization is the process by which children are transformed by their parents, teachers, and others into social and cultural animals.

Key Points

• Socialization is a combination of personality development and cultural development.
• Socialization is the process through which communities transact or educate their members about the norms and values of society to be socially acceptable.
• It is an act that ensures the:
  • transmission of manners and culture.
  • adaptation of social norms and values.
  • internalization of attitudes and customs of society.
• All types of socialization may be classified into two broad groups, viz. primary socialization, and secondary socialization.
• This division is based on the primary and secondary needs of individuals.

Important Points

Family:

• A family is a unit of the system, which is Universal.
• The family has a hierarchical structure based on the age and sex of the members
• The family has a set of rules and follows certain values and belief systems.
• Family perpetuates values and culture that support authorities.
• The family helps in learning roles in the family.

Thus, the role of the family as an agent of socialization is internalizing basic values of culture, internalizing the basic cultural vocabulary of the child, and learning roles in the family.

Additional Information

Let's understand in brief the types of Socialization: 

Socialization is the process through which communities transact or educate their members about the norms and values of society to be socially acceptable.

• Socialization is a process by which an individual becomes a member of society through a mechanism of interaction. Its purpose is to prepare individuals for future roles.​
• Public library is a passive agency of socialization because here we are not interacting directly with someone but we follow the norms and learn how to behave in public.

Hence, it could be concluded that Public library is passive agency of socialization.

Additional Information

There are two main types of socialization:

• Primary socialization: Takes place early in life. Eg- family.
• Secondary socialization: Takes place throughout one's life. Eg- peer groups.

The process of socialization continues throughout one’s life and is constantly renegotiated, but socialization begins as soon as one is born. Sociologists divide socialization into two different parts. 

Key Points

Secondary socialization:

• Secondary socialization refers to the process of learning what is the appropriate behavior as a member of a smaller group within the larger society.
• When the child receives training in institutional or formal settings such as school, secondary socialization takes shape. This level runs parallel to primary socialization. But, unlike family settings, children in schools are trained to conform to authority.
• Secondary socialization is usually associated with teenagers and adults and involves smaller changes than those occurring in primary socialization. Such examples of secondary socialization are entering a new profession or relocating to a new environment or society.

So, secondary socialization takes place when the child receives training in institutional or formal settings such as school.

Additional Information

• Primary socialization in sociology is the period early in a person's life during which they initially learn and build themselves through experiences and interactions around them. 
• Resocialization or resocialization is the process by which one's sense of social values, beliefs, and norms are re-engineered.
• The process is deliberately carried out in -parent households and military boot camps through an intensely social process that may take place in a total institution. 
•  Anticipatory socialization is the process, facilitated by social interactions, in which non-group-members learn to take on the values and standards of groups that they aspire to join, so as to ease their entry into the group and help them interact competently once they have been accepted by it.

Socialization is the process through which community transact or educate their members about the norms and values of society to be socially acceptable. Socialization is a combination of personality development and cultural development.

It is an act which ensures the:

• transmission of manners and culture.
• adaptation of social norms and values.
• internalization of attitudes and customs of society.

All types of socialization may be classified into two broad groups, viz. primary socialization and secondary socialization. This division is based on the primary and secondary needs of individuals.

Important Points

Let's understand in brief the types of Socialization:

Hence, it could be concluded that family plays a primary role in the socialization of the child.

Social development refers to the way a child learns to interact with others and develop social relationships with others.

Key Points

• It deals with her social context, which includes her parents, siblings, peers, neighbors, teachers, and relatives, and the influence of these on the attitude of the child.
• It involves the interpersonal relationships of an individual, her acquired social skills, and values, and the ways in which an individual adjusts to society.
• The more social exposure a child gets through his social environment, the more the rate of social development.

In a joint family, a child gets to interact with many individuals in his family, so the pace of social development is rapid.

Additional Information

• The social development of a child involves the interpersonal relationships of an individual, her acquired social skills, and values, and the ways in which an individual adjusts to society.
• The child learns to accept others and their points of view and also to work in a group.
• They learn qualities such as sharing, cooperation, waiting for one’s turn, and respecting other people and things.

Socialization: The process by which an individual learns the values, norms, mores of the society.

Key Points

•  It is a process by which a person learns to behave interdependently for human welfare.
• Socialization is the process of learning to become a member of society. It includes formal and informal education.
• Socialization is done by parents, teachers peers, neighbors, and educational and religious institutions.
• The process of socialization begins from the birth of the child and ends with the death of the person.
• During this time we learn the values, beliefs, and norms of the society. Some of the values, beliefs and norms that we learn for becoming a member of society are appreciated while some are not appreciated, rather to some extent criticized.

​Additional Information

• Types of Socialization:
  • Primary socialization occurs within the family and is where children first learn their own individual identity, acquire language, and develop cognitive skills.​
  • Secondary socialization refers to the social learning that children undergo when they enter other social institutions, like school. Characteristics of the school, teachers, and peer group all influence the socialization of children within school settings.
  • Developmental Socialization: new learning is added to and blended with old in a relatively smooth and continuous process of development.
  • Reverse Socialization: the younger generation transfers knowledge to the older generation. This occurs mostly in industrial societies where the pace of technological change is very rapid, a good example is children teaching their parents how to use computers.
  • Resocialization: this involves a sharp break from the past. The military is a good example. --"Officer and a Gentleman" -- the military, prisons, religious cults, etc.

Hence, we can conclude that the process by which a person learns to behave interdependently for human welfare. That process is socialization.

Key Points Mildred Parten:

• Mildred Parten (1932) research is still cited today. She researched the development of social play in children (2-5 years of age).
• She discovered that a child’s development of his/her social skills is reflected in the way they play.
• She also found that once a child has developed the ability to participate in a particular stage of social play, he/she will use different variations and combinations of that stage, and earlier stages, throughout play.

Gesell:

• Gesell’s theory is known as a maturational-developmental theory. 
• It is the foundation of nearly every other theory of human development after Gesell. 
• Early in the 20th century, Dr. Gesell observed and documented patterns in the way children develop, showing that all children go through similar and predictable sequences, though each child moves through these sequences at his or her own rate or pace.

Dennis Gilbert:

• Sociologists Dennis Gilbert and Joseph Kahl developed a social class model, which consists of six classes: the capitalist class, the upper-middle class, the lower middle class, the working class, the working poor, and the underclass. 

There is no known study of social participation by Bridges. Hence we can conclude that the best-known study of the development of social participation is that of Parten.

Socialization is the process in which a student gets started to interact with society and friends around his environment. 
Key Points

There are some important points that are related socialization of children given below.

• The child starts playing with friends, and at that time he learns mutual exchange and communication.
• When a teacher teaches any Student that there are many opportunities to become socially active throughout his life because the teacher teaches all the types and terms of psychology in which they know much information about to become social.
• Socialization of a child starts from a family which comes under the Primary agent of socialization.
• When a baby is born means from infancy age to death or we can say womb to tumb he continues acquired knowledge from their parent's friends and environment.
• Family gives shelter to live life with social relationships.

Hence this proves that The Socialization of a child starts in the family.
Additional Information

• Socialization is the process that starts from infancy we acquire knowledge, rights, habits, and attitude throughout life.
• People learn all these experiences to become live their civilization and culture respectively.

Learning is the acquisition of habits, knowledge, and attitudes. It represents a progressive change in behavior. Learning and development take place in informal (school) and non-formal (family and peer groups) settings.

Key Points

Important Factors Contributing to Learning and Development of Children:

Hint

• Although television, computer, tourism also contributes to the learning and development of children, their contribution is far lesser as compared to family, peer group and teacher.

Hence, from the above explanation, it can be concluded that family, peer group and teacher contribute most to the learning and development of children.

Education and Society:

• School is a miniature and reflection of society rather than an individual. The ultimate objective of the school and schooling process is to foster the growth of social progress and the expansion of democracy. 
• Society also plays a significant role in the development of the education system. The role of socio-cultural factors, political conditions, and economic milieu determine the nature, objectives, and curriculum development of educational institutions.
• Education is generally seen as the foundation of society which brings economic wealth, social prosperity, and political stability. It is a major aspect of the development of any modern society and the most significant indicator of the overall development of any region.

Important Points

School is considered as society's main resource for social experimentation because schools are considered as a center for socialization. The school performs all the function which the society does to transfer the existing cultural content from one generation to the next generation.

Functions of School as society's main resource for social experimentation:

• Helping learners in acquiring values, norms, and traditions.
• Providing children with an understanding of their environment.
• Educating children according to the needs and aspirations of society. 
• Making learners able to learn the importance of social cohesion and unity.
• Inculcating the informal cues about social roles in learners through interaction.
• Preparing future citizens by making learners aware about their rights and duties

Hence, it could be concluded that School is considered as society's main resource for social experimentation.