Indian Culture Quiz : 1 - Year 5 MCQ

To find the ratio of width to length of the national flag, we can use the given options and compare the values.
Let's analyze each option:
Option A: 3:5
- This means that the width is 3 units and the length is 5 units.
Option B: 2:3
- This means that the width is 2 units and the length is 3 units.
Option C: 2:4
- This means that the width is 2 units and the length is 4 units.
Option D: 3:4
- This means that the width is 3 units and the length is 4 units.
Comparing the given options with the ratio of the width to length, we can see that the correct option is B: 2:3.
Therefore, the ratio of the width of our National flag to its length is 2:3.

Rabindranath Tagore's 'Jana Gana Mana' as India's National Anthem
Background:
- 'Jana Gana Mana' is a poem written by Rabindranath Tagore in Bengali language.
- It was first published in 1912 and later adopted as the National Anthem of India.
Adoption of Stanzas:
- The answer to the question is A: Only the first stanza of 'Jana Gana Mana' was adopted as India's National Anthem.
- The first stanza of the song is sung as the National Anthem on various occasions and events in India.
Explanation:
- 'Jana Gana Mana' originally consists of five stanzas.
- However, only the first stanza was chosen to be the National Anthem.
- The decision to adopt only the first stanza was made by the Constituent Assembly of India on January 24, 1950.
- The first stanza, which starts with "Jana Gana Mana Adhinayaka Jaya He" and ends with "Bharata Bhagya Vidhata", captures the essence of unity, diversity, and the spirit of India.
- The remaining stanzas were not included in the National Anthem to keep it concise and easily singable on public occasions.
Conclusion:
- In conclusion, India's National Anthem, 'Jana Gana Mana', adopted the first stanza of the song composed by Rabindranath Tagore.
- The first stanza expresses the patriotic sentiments and aspirations of the Indian people.
- It was chosen as the National Anthem to represent the unity and diversity of India as a nation.

'Natya-Shastra' the main source of India's classical dances was written by Bharat Muni
The 'Natya-Shastra' is a significant text in the field of Indian classical dances. It was written by Bharat Muni, an ancient Indian scholar and sage. Here are some key points to understand the origin and importance of this text:
Bharat Muni:
- Bharat Muni is believed to have lived around 2nd century BCE or 2nd century CE.
- He was a renowned sage and scholar who made significant contributions to the field of performing arts, particularly dance and drama.
- Bharat Muni's 'Natya-Shastra' is considered as the foundation of classical Indian performing arts.
'Natya-Shastra':
- 'Natya-Shastra' is an ancient Sanskrit text that consists of 36 chapters and around 6,000 verses.
- It is a comprehensive treatise on the performing arts, covering various aspects of dance, drama, music, and stagecraft.
- The text provides detailed instructions on various aspects of dance, including body movements, hand gestures (mudras), facial expressions (abhinaya), footwork, costumes, and makeup.
- 'Natya-Shastra' also discusses the theory and aesthetics of performing arts, explaining the emotions, sentiments, and rasa (aesthetic experience) associated with different dance forms.
- It is considered a guidebook for performers, choreographers, and scholars, providing a framework for the practice and understanding of classical Indian dances.
Legacy and Influence:
- 'Natya-Shastra' has had a profound influence on the development of Indian classical dances, including Bharatanatyam, Kathak, Odissi, Manipuri, Kathakali, and Kuchipudi.
- The principles and techniques described in the 'Natya-Shastra' continue to be followed and taught in dance schools and academies across India.
- The text has not only shaped the technical aspects of Indian classical dances but also played a significant role in preserving and promoting the cultural heritage of the country.
- It is considered a valuable resource for both practitioners and researchers in the field of performing arts.
In conclusion, the 'Natya-Shastra' written by Bharat Muni is the main source and a foundational text for India's classical dances. Its detailed instructions, theories, and aesthetics have shaped and influenced the development of various dance forms, making it an invaluable treasure in the realm of Indian performing arts.

Dandia is a popular dance that originated in the state of Gujarat, India. It is traditionally performed during the festival of Navratri, which is dedicated to the worship of the Hindu goddess Durga. Dandia is characterized by its energetic and vibrant movements, accompanied by the beats of sticks called "dandiyas". Let's explore some key points about Dandia:
Origin:
- Dandia originated in Gujarat, a state in western India.
- It is believed to have been derived from the ancient martial art form called "Dandiya Raas".
- The dance form has gained popularity not only in Gujarat but also across different parts of India and even internationally.
Navratri Festival:
- Dandia is an integral part of the Navratri festival celebrations.
- Navratri is a nine-night festival dedicated to the worship of the goddess Durga.
- During Navratri, people gather in large numbers to perform Dandia and Garba, another traditional dance form.
Costumes and Accessories:
- The dancers wear colorful traditional attire, such as chaniya cholis for women and kediyu or kurta for men.
- The outfits are embellished with mirror work, embroidery, and vibrant prints.
- Dancers also adorn themselves with jewelry, such as necklaces, bangles, and earrings.
- The dancers hold two sticks (dandiyas) in their hands, which are used to create rhythmic beats while dancing.
Steps and Movements:
- Dandia involves a circular formation with dancers moving in a synchronized manner.
- The dancers strike their dandiyas together while performing various footwork patterns.
- The steps include claps, turns, twists, and rhythmic movements in coordination with the music.
- The dance gradually increases in tempo, creating an energetic and lively atmosphere.
Music and Instruments:
- Dandia is accompanied by traditional Gujarati folk music.
- The music is characterized by its fast-paced beats and rhythmic patterns.
- Instruments such as the dhol, tabla, and harmonium are commonly used to create the music for Dandia.
Significance:
- Dandia is not only a form of entertainment but also a way to celebrate and express devotion to the goddess Durga.
- It brings people together, fostering a sense of community and cultural unity.
- The dance form also showcases the rich heritage and traditions of Gujarat.
In conclusion, Dandia is a popular dance form that originated in Gujarat, India. It is performed during the Navratri festival and is characterized by its energetic movements, colorful costumes, rhythmic beats, and traditional Gujarati folk music.

The Words 'Satyameva Jayate' Inscribed Below the Base Plate of the Emblem of India
Introduction:
The words 'Satyameva Jayate' are inscribed below the base plate of the emblem of India. These words hold significant meaning and are derived from ancient Indian scriptures.
Explanation:
The words 'Satyameva Jayate' are taken from the Mundaka Upanishad, which is one of the primary Upanishads in Hindu philosophy. Here is a detailed explanation:
Mundaka Upanishad:
- The Mundaka Upanishad is a collection of philosophical teachings that explore the nature of reality, self-realization, and the ultimate truth.
- It is a part of the Atharvaveda, which is one of the four Vedas in Hinduism.
- The Upanishad emphasizes the pursuit of truth (Satya) and the victory of truth over falsehood (Jayate).
- The phrase 'Satyameva Jayate' is mentioned in Mundaka Upanishad, Chapter 3, Section 1, Verse 6.
Meaning:
- Satyameva Jayate translates to "Truth alone triumphs" in English.
- These words symbolize the importance of truth, righteousness, and justice in society.
- They signify India's commitment to upholding truth and moral values.
Inclusion in the Emblem:
- The words 'Satyameva Jayate' were adopted as the national motto of India.
- They were included in the emblem of India to reflect the nation's core values and principles.
- The emblem, also known as the State Emblem of India, represents the sovereignty and integrity of the country.
Conclusion:
The words 'Satyameva Jayate' inscribed below the base plate of the emblem of India are derived from the Mundaka Upanishad. They represent the significance of truth and righteousness in society and serve as a reminder of India's commitment to these values.

Mohiniattam Dance
Origin: Kerala
Explanation:
Mohiniattam is a classical Indian dance form that originated in the state of Kerala. Here is a detailed explanation of the origin and development of Mohiniattam:
1. Historical Background:
- Mohiniattam has its roots in the devadasi system, where women were dedicated to temples and performed dances as a part of religious rituals.
- It was traditionally performed by women known as Mohiniyattam dancers, who were trained in the art form from a young age.
2. Influence:
- Mohiniattam was influenced by the temple dances of Kerala, particularly the Krishnanattam and Ramanattam forms.
- It also borrowed elements from other dance forms like Kathakali and Bharatanatyam.
3. Development:
- Mohiniattam gained prominence during the 18th and 19th centuries under the patronage of the kings of Travancore.
- It was revived and popularized by Maharaja Swathi Thirunal Rama Varma, a ruler of Travancore, who himself was a composer and performer of Mohiniattam.
4. Characteristics:
- Mohiniattam is characterized by graceful movements, subtle expressions, and fluid body movements.
- The dance form primarily focuses on portraying feminine beauty and grace.
- The costumes and jewelry worn by Mohiniattam dancers, such as the white and gold saree and the traditional ornaments, add to the visual appeal of the performance.
5. Modern Significance:
- Today, Mohiniattam is recognized as one of the major classical dance forms of India and is performed both in India and internationally.
- It has evolved over time, incorporating new themes and techniques while preserving its traditional essence.
Conclusion:
Mohiniattam, with its rich history and graceful movements, is a significant cultural treasure of Kerala. It showcases the beauty and elegance of the dance form and continues to captivate audiences worldwide.

Folk Dance Forms Associated with Gujarat
Answer: B. Garba
Explanation:
Garba is the folk dance form associated with Gujarat. Here is a detailed explanation:

• Garba: Garba is a traditional folk dance performed during Navratri, a nine-night festival dedicated to the Hindu goddess Durga. It involves rhythmic clapping, circular movements, and vibrant costumes. The dancers form concentric circles or arcs and move in a synchronized manner while performing various steps.


• Nautanki: Nautanki is a folk theater form popular in Uttar Pradesh and parts of Madhya Pradesh. It is a blend of music, dance, and drama.


• Kathakali: Kathakali is a classical dance-drama form from Kerala, characterized by elaborate costumes, facial expressions, and gestures. It narrates stories from Hindu epics.


• Bhangra: Bhangra is a lively folk dance form from the state of Punjab. It is characterized by energetic movements, traditional music, and the use of props like dhol and swords.

Therefore, the correct answer is B. Garba, which is associated with Gujarat.

Answer:
Sangeet Akademi is responsible for fostering the development of dance, drama, and music in India.
Explanation:
The correct answer is B: Sangeet Akademi. Here is a detailed explanation:
- National School of Drama: The National School of Drama is an autonomous institution under the Ministry of Culture, which is responsible for promoting and training in the field of theater and drama.
- Sahitya Akademi: Sahitya Akademi is the national academy of letters in India, which promotes Indian literature, languages, and literary activities.
- Lalit Kala Akademi: Lalit Kala Akademi is the national academy of art in India, which promotes and preserves Indian fine arts, including painting, sculpture, and graphics.
- Sangeet Akademi: Sangeet Akademi is the national academy of music, dance, and drama in India. It is responsible for fostering the development of various art forms, including classical music, dance, and theater. Sangeet Akademi organizes various events, festivals, and competitions to promote and encourage talented artists in these fields.
Therefore, the correct answer is B: Sangeet Akademi.

The Rath Yatra at Puri is celebrated in honour of Lord Jagannath.
Explanation:
The Rath Yatra at Puri is one of the most significant Hindu festivals celebrated in the state of Odisha, India. It is dedicated to Lord Jagannath, who is considered a form of Lord Krishna.
The festival involves the procession of the deities, Lord Jagannath (an incarnation of Lord Krishna), his sister Subhadra, and his elder brother Balabhadra, on grand chariots. The chariots are pulled through the streets of Puri by thousands of devotees.
Here is a detailed explanation of the Rath Yatra at Puri:
1. Significance:
- The Rath Yatra is a symbol of the journey of Lord Jagannath from his temple in Puri to the Gundicha Temple, where he stays for a week.
- It is believed that participating in the Rath Yatra and pulling the chariots brings blessings and spiritual benefits.
2. Rituals and Preparation:
- The festival begins with the Snana Purnima, where the deities are bathed with 108 pitchers of water.
- After the bathing ceremony, the deities are kept in isolation for 15 days and undergo a special diet known as Anasara.
- The chariots for Lord Jagannath, Balabhadra, and Subhadra are constructed with specific dimensions and materials.
- Devotees engage in various preparations like painting the chariots, making garlands, and decorating the idols.
3. The Main Procession:
- On the day of the Rath Yatra, the idols of the deities are placed on the chariots.
- The chariots are then pulled by devotees with ropes.
- Thousands of devotees throng the streets of Puri to witness and participate in the procession.
- The procession covers a distance of about 3 kilometers and ends at the Gundicha Temple.
4. Festivities at Gundicha Temple:
- At the Gundicha Temple, the deities stay for a week.
- Devotees have the opportunity to have darshan (sight) of the deities in the temple.
- Various rituals, devotional singing, and cultural programs take place during this period.
5. Return Journey:
- After staying at the Gundicha Temple for a week, the deities begin their return journey to the main temple.
- This is known as Bahuda Yatra or the return journey of the chariots.
- The procession follows the same route and concludes at the main temple.
The Rath Yatra at Puri is a grand spectacle of devotion and attracts millions of devotees from all over the world. It showcases the rich cultural heritage and religious fervor associated with Lord Jagannath.

The Book of Parsis:
The book of Parsis is the Zend Avesta. Here is a detailed explanation:
1. Introduction:
The Zend Avesta is the primary religious text of Zoroastrianism, the ancient religion of the Parsis or Zoroastrians. It is considered one of the oldest religious texts in the world, dating back to approximately 1200 BCE.
2. Origin and Compilation:
The Zend Avesta is believed to have been composed over several centuries by various Zoroastrian priests and scholars. It is written in the Avestan language, which is an ancient Iranian language related to Sanskrit.
3. Structure and Content:
The Zend Avesta is a collection of hymns, prayers, rituals, and teachings attributed to the prophet Zoroaster (also known as Zarathustra). It is divided into several sections, including:
- Yasna: The primary liturgical section containing hymns and prayers for various occasions.
- Visperad: A supplementary liturgical text accompanying the Yasna.
- Vendidad: A collection of religious laws and moral teachings.
- Yashts: Hymns dedicated to various deities and divine beings.
- Gathas: The most sacred and ancient hymns attributed directly to Zoroaster.
4. Importance and Significance:
The Zend Avesta holds great religious and cultural significance for the Parsis. It provides guidance on moral and ethical conduct, rituals, and the worship of Ahura Mazda, the supreme deity in Zoroastrianism. It also contains cosmological and eschatological teachings.
5. Preservation and Transmission:
Over the centuries, the Zend Avesta faced challenges in preservation and transmission due to invasions, wars, and religious persecutions. However, the Parsis managed to preserve the text through oral tradition and eventually in written form.
6. Influence on Other Religions:
The Zend Avesta has had a significant influence on various religions and philosophies, including Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. Concepts such as the duality of good and evil, the final judgment, and the resurrection of the dead can be traced back to Zoroastrianism.
In conclusion, the book of Parsis is the Zend Avesta, an ancient religious text of Zoroastrianism. It plays a central role in the religious and cultural life of the Parsis, providing guidance on rituals, moral teachings, and the worship of Ahura Mazda.

Kathakali is a folk dance prevalent in Kerala.
Explanation:
Kathakali is a traditional dance form that originated in the southern state of Kerala in India. It is known for its elaborate costumes, intricate makeup, and powerful expressions. Here is a detailed explanation of why Kathakali is prevalent in Kerala:
Distinctive Features of Kathakali:
- Performance: Kathakali is typically performed by male dancers who portray various characters from Hindu epics like the Mahabharata and Ramayana.
- Makeup: One of the key features of Kathakali is its elaborate makeup, which involves the application of vibrant colors and intricate designs on the face.
- Costumes: The dancers wear elaborate costumes, including oversized headgear, ornate jewelry, and colorful skirts.
- Expressions: Kathakali is known for its expressive movements and facial expressions, which convey a wide range of emotions.
Kerala's Influence:
- Cultural Heritage: Kerala has a rich cultural heritage, and Kathakali is an integral part of its performing arts traditions.
- Temple Rituals: Kathakali has its roots in the temple rituals of Kerala, where it was originally performed as a form of worship.
- Training Centers: Kerala is home to several renowned institutions and training centers that specialize in teaching and preserving the art of Kathakali.
- Support and Patronage: The state government of Kerala and various cultural organizations provide support and patronage to Kathakali, helping to sustain and promote the art form.
Conclusion:
Kathakali, with its unique blend of dance, drama, music, and visual art, has become synonymous with the cultural identity of Kerala. Its popularity and prevalence in the state can be attributed to the deep-rooted traditions, historical significance, and ongoing efforts to preserve and promote this ancient art form.

Answer:
Solo Dance:
- A solo dance is a performance by a single dancer.
- In a solo dance, the dancer portrays a character or tells a story through their movements.
Options:
A: Ottan Thullal
B: Kuchipudi
C: Yakshagana
D: Odissi
Identifying the Solo Dance:
- Ottan Thullal is a classical dance form from Kerala, India.
- Kuchipudi is a classical dance form from Andhra Pradesh, India.
- Yakshagana is a traditional dance drama form from Karnataka, India.
- Odissi is a classical dance form from Odisha, India.

- Among the given options, Ottan Thullal is the solo dance.
- Ottan Thullal is a highly stylized dance form performed by a single dancer who also narrates the story through facial expressions, hand gestures, and body movements.
- The dance form originated in the 18th century and is known for its humorous and satirical nature.
- It is performed in Malayalam language and is usually accompanied by live percussion instruments.
Conclusion:
- Therefore, the correct answer is A: Ottan Thullal.

Answer: B
Explanation:
The National Anthem was first sung in the year 1911. Here is the detailed explanation:
- The National Anthem of a country is a patriotic song that represents the nation and its values.
- In the case of India, the National Anthem is "Jana Gana Mana" composed by Rabindranath Tagore.
- It was first sung on 27th December 1911 during the Indian National Congress session in Kolkata (then Calcutta).
- The song was originally written in Bengali and later translated into Hindi and English.
- The composition of the National Anthem was a significant event in India's struggle for independence and became a symbol of national unity and pride.
- The National Anthem was officially adopted as India's National Anthem on 24th January 1950, when the Indian Constitution came into effect.
- Since then, it has been sung on various occasions to honor the country and its identity.
Therefore, the correct answer is B: 1911.

Thillana is a format of Bharatanatyam.
Explanation:
Thillana is a rhythmic dance composition that is typically performed towards the end of a Bharatanatyam recital. Here is a detailed explanation:
Thillana in Bharatanatyam:
- Thillana is a pure dance composition in Bharatanatyam, which is one of the classical dance forms of India.
- It is usually performed as the concluding piece of a Bharatanatyam performance.
- Thillana is known for its fast-paced footwork and intricate rhythmic patterns.
- It is a celebratory and energetic dance piece that showcases the skill and agility of the dancer.
- Thillana is often accompanied by lively music, mainly in Carnatic classical music style.
- The lyrics of Thillana are usually in Sanskrit or Tamil, and they primarily consist of rhythmic syllables rather than meaningful words.
- The dance movements in Thillana emphasize intricate footwork, hand gestures, and facial expressions.
- The dancer explores various rhythmic patterns and melodic sequences through precise movements and dynamic expressions.
- Thillana provides an opportunity for the dancer to showcase their technical proficiency and mastery over rhythm.
Conclusion:
Thillana is a vibrant and energetic dance composition in Bharatanatyam, performed as a concluding piece in a recital. It highlights the dancer's skill in footwork, rhythmic patterns, and expressions, making it an integral part of the Bharatanatyam repertoire.

Madhubani painting or Mithila painting is a style of Hindu Painting, practiced in the Mithila region of Nepal and in Indian States of Bihar. Painting is done with fingers, twigs, brushes, nib-pens, and matchsticks, using natural dyes and pigments, and is characterized by eye-catching geometrical patterns.

Answer:
The classical dance form of 'Kathak' originated in North India. It is a beautiful form of dance that is known for its intricate footwork, graceful movements, and expressive storytelling. Here is a detailed explanation:
Origin and History:
- Kathak originated in the northern regions of India, particularly in the states of Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan, and Bihar.
- It has its roots in the traditional storytelling practices of ancient northern India.
Characteristics of Kathak:
- Footwork: Kathak is known for its complex and rhythmic footwork, which is executed with precision and speed.
- Hand Gestures: The dance form incorporates a wide range of hand gestures, known as mudras, to convey emotions and depict various characters and stories.
- Expressive Movements: Kathak dancers use graceful body movements, facial expressions, and eye movements to express emotions and narrate stories.
- Music and Rhythm: Kathak is performed to classical Hindustani music, and the dancers follow intricate rhythmic patterns known as taals.
Styles and Techniques:
- There are three main gharanas or styles of Kathak: Jaipur gharana, Lucknow gharana, and Banaras gharana. Each gharana has its distinct style, repertoire, and emphasis on certain aspects of the dance form.
- Kathak also incorporates elements of Persian and Mughal dance traditions due to historical influences.
Costumes and Accessories:
- Kathak dancers typically wear elaborate traditional costumes, which include a flowing lehenga or skirt, choli or blouse, and a dupatta or scarf.
- They also adorn themselves with jewelry and accessories such as ankle bells, earrings, and a headpiece called a maang tikka.
Performance and Popularization:
- Kathak is performed both as solo and group performances.
- Over the years, Kathak has gained popularity not only in India but also internationally, with many renowned Kathak dancers and schools promoting and preserving this ancient dance form.
In conclusion, 'Kathak' is a classical dance form that originated in North India and has become an integral part of Indian cultural heritage. Its intricate footwork, expressive movements, and storytelling make it a captivating and mesmerizing dance form.

The headquarter of Sahitya Akademi is located in New Delhi. Here is a detailed explanation:
Headquarter Location:
- Sahitya Akademi, the National Academy of Letters in India, has its headquarters in New Delhi.
About Sahitya Akademi:
- Sahitya Akademi is an autonomous organization that promotes and encourages literature in various Indian languages.
- It was established in 1954 by the Government of India.
- The organization aims to foster literary activities, recognize outstanding works of literature, and support writers and authors in India.
- Sahitya Akademi organizes various literary events, conferences, seminars, workshops, and book fairs to promote Indian literature and culture.
Other Options:
- A: Mumbai: Mumbai is not the headquarters of Sahitya Akademi.
- B: Chennai: Chennai is not the headquarters of Sahitya Akademi.
- D: Kolkata: Kolkata is not the headquarters of Sahitya Akademi.
Conclusion:
- The correct answer is C: New Delhi. Sahitya Akademi's headquarters is located in New Delhi, India.

The dance performance from the temple of Tanjore was Bharatanatyam.
Here is a detailed explanation:
Introduction:
- The temple of Tanjore, also known as the Brihadeeswara Temple, is a UNESCO World Heritage Site located in Tamil Nadu, India.
- It is known for its rich cultural heritage and is closely associated with various classical dance forms.
Bharatanatyam:
- Bharatanatyam is a classical dance form that originated in the temples of Tamil Nadu, particularly in the Tanjore region.
- It is one of the oldest and most popular dance forms in India, characterized by intricate footwork, expressive gestures, and rhythmic movements.
- Bharatanatyam is deeply rooted in the Hindu mythology and is often performed as a form of worship.
- The dance form showcases the beauty and grace of Indian culture and has gained international recognition.
Other options:
- Kathakali: Kathakali is a classical dance-drama form that originated in the state of Kerala. It combines dance, music, and acting to depict stories from Hindu mythology.
- Odissi: Odissi is a classical dance form that originated in the state of Odisha. It is known for its fluid movements, intricate footwork, and expressive gestures.
- Kathak: Kathak is a classical dance form that originated in Northern India. It is known for its storytelling aspect, intricate footwork, and fast spins.

Conclusion:
- The dance performance from the temple of Tanjore was Bharatanatyam, a classical dance form that originated in the temples of Tamil Nadu.
- Bharatanatyam is known for its intricate footwork, expressive gestures, and rhythmic movements, and it is deeply rooted in the Hindu mythology.

The last Mahakumbh of the 20th century was held at Haridwar.
Explanation:
Here is a detailed explanation of why the answer is D (Haridwar):
- The Mahakumbh is a major Hindu pilgrimage festival that takes place every 12 years in four different locations in India: Haridwar, Allahabad (Prayagraj), Nashik, and Ujjain.
- Each of these locations hosts the Mahakumbh once in every 12-year cycle, rotating among themselves.
- The last Mahakumbh of the 20th century took place in the year 1998, making it the last Mahakumbh of that century.
- To determine the location of the last Mahakumbh, we need to look at the rotation cycle and the year it took place.
- The rotation cycle of the Mahakumbh is as follows: Haridwar, Allahabad, Nashik, Ujjain.
- Therefore, by analyzing the rotation cycle and the year, we can conclude that the last Mahakumbh of the 20th century was held at Haridwar.
- It is important to note that the Mahakumbh is a significant event in Hinduism, attracting millions of devotees who come to take a holy dip in the sacred river during this auspicious time.

The National Song of India was composed by Bankim Chandra Chatterji.
Explanation:
Bankim Chandra Chatterji, a renowned writer and poet, composed the National Song of India. Here is a detailed explanation:
Background:
- The National Song of India is titled "Vande Mataram," which translates to "I bow to thee, Mother."
- It holds great significance as a symbol of patriotism and love for the country.
Composer:
- Bankim Chandra Chatterji, an eminent Bengali writer, composed "Vande Mataram" in the novel "Anandamath" in 1876.
- The novel depicts the struggles of a group of freedom fighters against British rule.
Influence:
- "Vande Mataram" became immensely popular during the Indian independence movement.
- It inspired and motivated countless individuals to fight for the freedom of the country.
Recognition:
- In 1950, "Vande Mataram" was adopted as the National Song of India by the Constituent Assembly.
- It is sung on various national occasions and holds a special place in the hearts of Indians.
Significance:
- "Vande Mataram" portrays the deep reverence and love for the motherland.
- It is a powerful and emotional expression of patriotism, unity, and national pride.
Conclusion:
Bankim Chandra Chatterji's composition, "Vande Mataram," serves as the National Song of India, symbolizing the love, respect, and devotion towards the country. It continues to inspire generations and remains a cherished part of Indian culture and heritage.

Composer of the song 'Sare Jahan Se Achha'
The composer of the famous song 'Sare Jahan Se Achha' is Mohammad Iqbal.
Explanation:
- The song 'Sare Jahan Se Achha' is a popular patriotic song in India.
- It was written in the early 20th century by the renowned poet and philosopher, Mohammad Iqbal.
- Mohammad Iqbal was a prominent figure in the Indian independence movement and is considered one of the greatest Urdu poets.
- The lyrics of 'Sare Jahan Se Achha' were originally written in Urdu and later translated into other languages.
- The song celebrates the beauty and greatness of India, emphasizing unity and pride.
- It has become an iconic patriotic song and is often sung on national occasions and events.
- While Mohammad Iqbal composed the lyrics, the music for 'Sare Jahan Se Achha' was set to a traditional tune by various composers over the years.
- It is important to note that the lyrics of the song were originally written as a poem and later set to music by different composers.

Therefore, the composer of the famous song 'Sare Jahan Se Achha' is indeed Mohammad Iqbal.

Boat Races as a Special Feature in Festivals
Boat races are a special feature in the festival of Onam.
Explanation:
- Onam is a Hindu festival celebrated in the state of Kerala, India.
- It is a harvest festival that marks the homecoming of the mythical King Mahabali.
- Boat races, known as Vallamkali, are a significant aspect of the Onam festivities.
- These races involve traditional boats called snake boats or chundan vallams.
- The boat races are held in various water bodies such as rivers, backwaters, and lakes in Kerala.
- The most famous boat race during Onam is the Nehru Trophy Boat Race held in Alappuzha.
- The races attract a large number of spectators who cheer for their favorite teams.
- The participants row the boats in unison to the rhythm of traditional songs and drums.
- The boat races showcase the rich cultural heritage of Kerala and are a major tourist attraction during the festival.
- The winning team is awarded trophies and prizes in recognition of their skill and teamwork.
Therefore, boat races are a special and integral part of the Onam festival, making it the correct answer option.

Kalchakra ceremony is associated with Buddhism.
- The Kalchakra ceremony is a complex and elaborate ritual that is performed in both Tibetan Buddhism and other forms of Buddhism.
- The term "Kalchakra" translates to "Wheel of Time" in English.
- The ceremony is based on the Kalchakra Tantra, a Buddhist text that focuses on the concept of time and cycles.
- The ceremony is considered to be highly esoteric and is performed by Buddhist monks who have received special training in the ritual.
- The purpose of the Kalchakra ceremony is to promote peace, harmony, and spiritual awakening.
- It involves the construction of a sand mandala, which is a symbolic representation of the universe.
- The mandala is created using colored sand and intricate designs, and it is believed to have a transformative effect on the participants and the environment.
- The ceremony also includes prayers, chants, and rituals aimed at purifying the mind and creating positive energy.
- The Kalchakra ceremony is often attended by Buddhist practitioners and followers, as well as curious individuals interested in Buddhist traditions and teachings.

Chikankari work - traditional art of embroidery
Famous place: Lucknow
Explanation:
Chikankari work is a traditional form of embroidery that originated in Lucknow, a city in the northern part of India. This intricate needlework involves delicate and intricate patterns created with white thread on fine muslin fabric. It is considered one of the most exquisite forms of embroidery in India.
Here are the reasons why Lucknow is famous for Chikankari work:
- Historical significance: Lucknow has a rich cultural heritage and has been a center for arts and crafts for centuries. Chikankari work has been practiced in Lucknow since the Mughal era and has gained immense popularity over time.
- Skillful artisans: Lucknow is home to highly skilled artisans who have mastered the art of Chikankari embroidery. The artisans painstakingly create intricate patterns using various stitches like the backstitch, chain stitch, and satin stitch.
- Traditional techniques: Lucknow has preserved the traditional techniques of Chikankari embroidery, which have been passed down through generations. These techniques involve hand embroidery, making each piece unique and exquisite.
- Wide variety: Lucknow offers a wide variety of Chikankari work, ranging from sarees, suits, kurtis, dupattas, and even home furnishings like bedsheets and curtains. The city is known for its diverse range of designs and patterns, catering to different tastes and preferences.
- Economic significance: Chikankari work has not only gained acclaim within India but has also gained popularity globally. It has become a significant part of Lucknow's economy, providing employment opportunities to many artisans and supporting the local handicraft industry.
In conclusion, Lucknow is the famous place for Chikankari work, a traditional art of embroidery. The city's rich cultural heritage, skilled artisans, traditional techniques, wide variety, and economic significance make it the hub for this exquisite form of embroidery.

Garba in Ahmedabad
- Garba is a traditional dance form performed during the Navratri festival in Gujarat, India.
- Ahmedabad, the largest city in Gujarat, is famous for its grand celebrations of Navratri.
- The city hosts numerous Garba events and competitions during the festival.
- People from all age groups participate in Garba, dressed in traditional attire and dancing to the rhythmic beats of music.
- The dance is characterized by circular movements and intricate footwork.
Other cities mentioned
- Chandigarh, Patna, and Cochin are not traditionally known for Garba performances during Navratri.
- These cities have their own cultural traditions and festivals.
- However, with the increasing popularity of Garba, it is possible to find Garba events organized in various cities, including Chandigarh, Patna, and Cochin, due to the diverse population and cultural exchange.
Conclusion
- Garba performances are primarily associated with Ahmedabad and other cities in Gujarat during the Navratri festival.
- While Garba events may also be organized in other cities, Ahmedabad is the most renowned destination for experiencing the traditional Garba dance form.