KVS PGT Physics Mock Test - 3 - KVS PGT/TGT/PRT MCQ

The sentence indicates the contraction of skeletal muscles. Rhythmic contraction would mean a strong, regular pattern of movement or sound, while nonmetrical, arrhythmic, and unrhythmic mean the opposite.
In the above sentence, Rhythmic contraction suits the meaning of the sentence. Thus, option 4 is the correct answer.

'Spellbinding' is 'something that takes a person by complete surprise as if he/she has been under the influence of magic'.
The meanings of the other words are:
Amusing: causing laughter and providing entertainment.
Tantalising: tease someone with the sight or promise of something that is unobtainable.
Tormenting: inflicting severe physical or mental suffering.
No other option has the same meaning as spellbinding. Thus option 4 is the correct answer.
Example-The beauty of the Himalayan ranges spellbound all people.

​​Socialization refers to the process by which a child learns to interact with others around them. they get skills to communicate with others and process their action as they mature and see their own identity within their group.

Key Points

• Primary agents of socialization- The most important socialization forces in a person's life are the primary agents of socialization. They have the largest impact during childhood when children are still learning how to interact with the environment. it is influenced most by the immediate family and friends.
  • The family- For most people, especially those in their first 5 years of life, it is the primary agent of socialization. It is the child's first social encounter with the outside world. Learning takes place informally and good and bad behavior is approved or rejected based on reward and punishment.
  • Peer group- peer group members are typically children of the same age and similar status. However, as a child grows older, it begins to form its own peer group based on the same interests, similar income levels, and social status. This peer group has an impact on the individual in areas such as appearance, lifestyle, social activities, etc.

Hence, we conclude that the immediate family is the primary agent of socialization for children.

HintBooks and magazines, parents' workplaces, and staff at hospitals are not primary agents of socialization as they do not provide children with their first social contact with the world. They can be considered secondary agents of socialization.

Additional InformationSecondary socialization- It happens once the infant enters the childhood stage and continues until adulthood. It takes place outside the home. For example schools, parents' workplaces, colleges, etc.

The term communication in Latin ‘communis’, means ‘to share’. It is the activity of conveying information through the exchange of thoughts, messages, or information through speech, visuals, signals, writing, or behavior.

Types of Communication:  

1. Verbal Communication:

• Verbal communication is the use of language to pass on information by speaking or writing formally.
• For example,  written instructions on a question paper, attending an online class and yoga instructor teaching yoga poses, etc.
• Verbal means the use of words in the communication process and in the design and formulation of messages.
• In oral communication, spoken words are used. 
• It is formal and precise because it often works in corporate, educational institutions, government organizations, etc.

Important Points

2. Non-Verbal Communication:

• It is understood as the process of communication through sending and receiving wordless messages. 
• It includes the use of visual cues such as body language (kinesics), distance (proxemics) and physical environments/appearance, of voice (paralanguage), and of touch (haptics).
• It involves the usage of gestures, touch, body language, postures, facial expressions, eye contact, or any actions depicting the universal meaning of such actions commonly understood.
• scholars argue that nonverbal communication can convey more meaning than verbal communication.
• It is informal because does not follow authority lines as in the case of formal communication. 
• Paralanguage is a non-verbal element that is found even in a speech which includes voice modulation, speaking style, rhythm, handwriting style, emotions, the spatial arrangement of words also comes under the ambit of nonverbal communication.
• Special symbols or infographic representing an ascertained message is also a medium of nonverbal communication.

Therefore The picture without dialogues is an example of Nonverbal communication because there are no words.

Additional Information

Interpersonal Communication:

• It is direct face-to-face communication between two people.
• It is personal, direct, and intimate, allowing for maximum interaction and exchange in word and gesture.
• It requires certain skills to interact effectively with others such as the knowledge of social norms, etiquette, willingness to listen, and respect for one another, willingness to share about oneself, etc.
• For example, talking to your friends or family, teacher and student interaction, etc.

Growth is an important attribute of childhood. The process of growth starts from the conception of the fetus and continues till adolescence when the child matures into adulthood. 

• The terms growth and development are closely interrelated and it is not possible to separate one from the other.

​Key Points

• Growth refers to an increase in the size of the body parts due to the multiplication of cells and an increase in the intercellular substance. It can be measured in inches or centimeters and in kilograms or pounds. It causes quantitative changes in the body. Each child has a different genetic potential for growth.
• Development refers to physiological maturation. It is a progressive increase in skill and capacity to function. It causes a qualitative change in a child's functioning.

Important Points
Lifespan and age are two major factors that explain the direction of the outcome of growth and development as both are dependent on these factors.

• ​ Life span refers to the ongoing process that we go through while growing up. It is the period of time from conception extending to death. Studying life span development is very important because it helps in describing and explaining the mysteries of human development.
• Life span development includes issues such as the extent to which development occurs through the gradual accumulation of knowledge versus stage-like development, or the extent to which children are born with innate mental structures versus learning through experience.

Thus, it is concluded that Lifespan and age are major factors explaining the direction and outcome of growth and development.

Socialization is the process by which children are transformed by their parents, teachers, and others into social and cultural animals.

Key Points

• Socialization is a combination of personality development and cultural development.
• Socialization is the process through which communities transact or educate their members about the norms and values of society to be socially acceptable.
• It is an act that ensures the:
  • transmission of manners and culture.
  • adaptation of social norms and values.
  • internalization of attitudes and customs of society.
• All types of socialization may be classified into two broad groups, viz. primary socialization, and secondary socialization.
• This division is based on the primary and secondary needs of individuals.

Important Points

Family:

• A family is a unit of the system, which is Universal.
• The family has a hierarchical structure based on the age and sex of the members
• The family has a set of rules and follows certain values and belief systems.
• Family perpetuates values and culture that support authorities.
• The family helps in learning roles in the family.

Thus, the role of the family as an agent of socialization is internalizing basic values of culture, internalizing the basic cultural vocabulary of the child, and learning roles in the family.

Additional Information

Let's understand in brief the types of Socialization: 

A curriculum can be defined as a set of planned activities that are designed to implement a particular educational aim. Set of such aims - in terms of the content of what is to be taught and the knowledge, skills, and attitudes which are to be deliberately fostered.

Key Points 

The following are the characteristics of the curriculum which as follows:-

•  A curriculum is neither a written text nor a list of activities.
• It is a plan of facilitating learning for the learner.
• Starting with the learner's current position, this plan lists all the features and dimensions of learning that are seen to be essential, provides justifications for why such learning is thought to be essential, and outlines the educational goals it would serve.
• The curriculum includes not only a list of contents but also the aims and objectives, learning experiences, and evaluation.
• The curriculum encompasses “the total experience provided to the learners in and out of school’.

Hence, it is concluded that Curriculum should be based on textbooks only is NOT correct in the context of the curriculum.

The SI base units and their physical quantities are the metre for measurement of length, the kilogram for mass, the second for time, the ampere for electric current, the kelvin for temperature, the candela for luminous intensity, and the mole for amount of substance.

As the string is inextensible, both masses have the same acceleration a. Also, the pulley is massless and frictionless, hence the tension at both ends of the string is the same. Suppose the mass m₂ is greater than mass m₁, so the heavier mass m₂ is accelerating downward and the lighter mass m₁ is accelerating upwards.

Therefore, by Newton's 2nd law

T - m₁g =m₁a ...(i)

m₂g - T = m₂a ...(ii)

After solving Eqs. (i) and (ii)

So, the ratio of the masses is 9:7.

Definition based

According to coulomb's law unlike charges always attract each other while like charges always repel each other so between two positive charges repulsion is working.

Only electron microscope has resolution of 0.5-0.6 Angstrom which is less than the size of an atom.

We know that,
MOI through centre (z-axis) is MR², so, by applying perpendicular axis theorem
Ix + Iy = Iz and since Ix = Iy and both are about diameter
Iz = MR², so, 2Ix = MR² MOI about diameter is MR²/2
 

A projectile can have the same range if the angle of projection are complementary ie, θ and (90⁰ - θ). Thus, in both cases:

Explanation:

When Rutherford saw the results of the experiment by Geiger and Marsden, he said:
“It was quite the most incredible event that has ever happened to me in my life. It was almost as incredible as if you fired a 15-inch shell at a piece of tissue paper and it came back and hit you.”
Rutherford used the results of this experiment to develop a new model for the atom. This model proposed a central nucleus with a positive charge. It was this positively charged nucleus that was responsible for the strong backward deflection of the positively charged alpha particles.
The model also proposed that negatively charged electrons surrounded this nucleus. However, as most of the alpha particles passed through the gold foil with no deflection at all, Rutherford realised that most of the atom was empty space. So, his model placed the electrons at some distance from the nucleus.
 

The described situation is shown in the given figure.

 Here,

v_c = Velocity of the cyclist
v_r = Velocity of falling rain

In order to protect herself from the rain, the woman must hold her umbrella in the direction of the relative velocity (v) of the rain with respect to the woman.

Hence, the woman must hold the umbrella toward the south, at an angle of nearly 18° with the vertical.

It is advised to drive along the slippery road slowly, because friction is reduced and if the driver is driving at a larger speed there is a risk of skidding.

The stick is balanced by the 1 kg rock that is one-quarter of its length to the left and by its own weigh which is at the Centre of Mass, one-quarter of its length to the right.  Therefore, the mass of the stick must be one kilogram, 1 kg.

the correct answer should be C because a meter rod can only read upto two decimal points

Hook’s Law states that for small deformations the stress and strain are proportional to each other.

Alpha particles, also called alpha rays or alpha radiation, consist of two protons and two neutrons bound together into a particle identical to a helium-4 nucleus. They are generally produced in the process of alpha decay, but may also be produced in other ways.

The body is in circular planetary motion this implies that Potential energy will be negative (attractive)  and the total energy of the system will lie between zero and potential energy (because of circular motion).

As the cork moves up, the force due to buoyancy remains constant. As its speed increases, the retarding force due to viscosity increases, being proportional to the speed. Thus. the acceleration gradually decreases. The acceleration is variable, and hence the relation between velocity and time is not linear.

Force due to surface tension acts all along the circumference of the circular plate. Therefore, force required to take away of plate is,
F = T x 2πr = 70 x 2 x 3.14 x 4 = 1758.4 dyne/cm
 

Angular momentum L=Iω
L=mr²×ω
Since r first decreases then increases.
So due to conservation of angular momentum L first increases then decreases.
 

We know: Vrms​=​Vo​​/√2
 
Substituting values (Here RMS Voltage is 220 V)
We get: Maximum V (or amplitude) =311V
 

Applying pseudo force ma along the left direction of the block. 
The net acceleration along the incline will be a_effective​=acosθ+gsinθ
The time required will be L=0×t+½ ​a_effective​t²
 
⇒ √ 2L/​​ a_effective​
⇒√ 2L /acosθ+gsinθ​​