KVS PGT Physics Mock Test - 4 - KVS PGT/TGT/PRT MCQ

The given sentence is in passive voice and the correct conversion to active voice is given in option 3. Rest of the options fail to convey the exact meaning of the given sentence. 

The correct option is 1.
The sentence is a question and therefore, must begin with an interrogative tone. The phrase ‘You have been doing’ should be rewritten as ‘Have you been doing’ for the sentence to form a proper question. Hence, the error lies in the first phrase. 

सही उत्तर है - "यह तत्पुरुष समास है।"Key Points

• 'तुलसीकृत' शब्द के संदर्भ में "यह तत्पुरुष समास है" l - विकल्प सही है l
• तुलसीकृत में समास का उपभेद तृतीया तत्पुरूष (करण तत्पुरूष) समास है l
• करण तत्पुरुष:-
  • जिसके प्रथम पद के साथ करण कारक की विभक्ति (से/द्वारा) लगी हो। उसे करण तत्पुरुष कहते हैं।
• 'तुलसीकृत' का उचित समास विग्रह 'तुलसी द्वारा रचित' होगा।
• तत्पुरुष समास -
  • ​'तुलसीकृत' शब्द में बीच की विभक्ति 'द्वारा' का लोप होने के कारण यह तत्पुरुष समास का उदाहरण है।
• जिस समास में प्रथम पद गौण और उत्तर पद की प्रधानता होती है और समास करते वक्त बीच की विभक्ति का लोप हो जाता है।

अन्य विकल्प:-

• तत्पुरुष और कर्मधारय दोनों का उदाहरण है।, यह कर्मधारय समास है। - यह विकल्प अनुचित है क्योंकि तुलसीकृत शब्द में कर्मधारय समास नहीं है l
• इसमें पूर्व पद प्रधान है। - यह विकल्प अनुचित है क्योंकि तुलसीकृत शब्द तत्पुरुष समास का उदाहरण है, जिसमें पूर्वपद प्रधान होता नहीं होता l तत्पुरुष समास में उत्तर या द्वितीय पद प्रधान होता है l

Additional Information

• 'संक्षिप्तिकरण' को समास कहते हैं।
• कर्मधारय समास - पहला पद विशेषण और दूसरा पद विशेष्य होता है अथवा इसके पूर्वपद और उत्तर पद में उपमान और उपमेय का संबंध होता है।
• उदाहरण:-
  • नवयुवक = नव है जो युवक
  • नील कमल = नील के समान कमल।
  • सूरजमुख= सूरज के समान मुख। ·

1. तत्पुरुष समास के उदाहरण:-

• देशभक्ति = देश के लिए भक्ति
• घुड़साल = घोड़ों के लिए साल (भवन)
• सभामंडप = सभा के लिए मंडप

• "पुंगव" शब्द का अर्थ होता है श्रेष्ठ।
• कविपुंगव में अधिकरण तत्पुरुष समास है।
• अधिकरण तत्पुरुष में पहला पद प्रधान होता है।
• वनवास – वन में वास।
• इस समास में वास प्रधान है और ‘में’ और ‘पर’ संबंध कारक चिह्न का लोप है।

Additional Informationसमास

• समास का शाब्दिक अर्थ छोटा रूप होता है | ​
• दो या दो से अधिक शब्दों से मिलकर बने नए व छोटे शब्द को समास कहते है |

‘देशविदेश’ में 'द्वन्‍द्व' समास है।इसका समास विग्रह होगा- देश और विदेश। अन्य विकल्प गलत हैं । अतः उत्तर सही विकल्प 3 'देशविदेश​' है।

Key Points

• 'देशविदेश' का समास विग्रह करने पर 'देश और विदेश' होगा।
• इसमें दो प्रमुख पदों के मध्य 'और' योजक का प्रयोग होने के कारण द्वंद्व समास है।

अन्य विकल्प -

Additional Information

The correct answer is the Election Commission of India.

• India has a multi-party system, where political parties are classified as National, state, or regional level parties.
• The status of the party is accorded by the Election Commission of India.

• Election Commission of India is a permanent Constitutional Body.
• The Election Commission was established in accordance with the Constitution on 25th January 1950.
• Originally the commission had only a Chief Election Commissioner. It currently consists of Chief Election Commissioner and two Election Commissioners.

• ​Constitutional Provision
  • Mentioned Under Part - XV.
  • Related Articles lies between 324 to329.
• The Constitution provides ECI, the power of superintendence, direction & control of elections to
  • Parliament 
  • State legislature
  • The office of president of India 
  • The Office of the  vice-president of India

Given

Ratio of principal and amount is 4 : 5 at a certain time. If it becomes 5 : 7 after 3 years

Concept used

Rate = (interest × 100)/(Principal × time)

Calculation

Principal : Amount = 4 : 5

Principal be equal 

Multiply the first ratio with 25 and second with 20

⇒ (4 : 5) × 25 

⇒ (5 : 7) × 20

Principal : Amount = 100 : 125

Principal : Amount = 100 : 140

Difference in amount = 140 - 125

Difference in Amount = 15

3 year = 15

1 year = 5

Rate = (interest × 100) / Principal × time

Rate = 

Rate = 5%

∴ The required simple rate of interest is 5%.

Key Points Mildred Parten:

• Mildred Parten (1932) research is still cited today. She researched the development of social play in children (2-5 years of age).
• She discovered that a child’s development of his/her social skills is reflected in the way they play.
• She also found that once a child has developed the ability to participate in a particular stage of social play, he/she will use different variations and combinations of that stage, and earlier stages, throughout play.

Gesell:

• Gesell’s theory is known as a maturational-developmental theory. 
• It is the foundation of nearly every other theory of human development after Gesell. 
• Early in the 20th century, Dr. Gesell observed and documented patterns in the way children develop, showing that all children go through similar and predictable sequences, though each child moves through these sequences at his or her own rate or pace.

Dennis Gilbert:

• Sociologists Dennis Gilbert and Joseph Kahl developed a social class model, which consists of six classes: the capitalist class, the upper-middle class, the lower middle class, the working class, the working poor, and the underclass. 

There is no known study of social participation by Bridges. Hence we can conclude that the best-known study of the development of social participation is that of Parten.

The National Council for Teacher Education as a statutory body came into existence in pursuance of the National Council for Teacher Education Act, 1993 on the 17th August,1995.

Key Points

• NCTE is a policy designed to achieve planned and coordinated development of the teacher education system.
• NCTE mainly designs 'Teacher Education Program' or 'Teacher Training Programme which emphasizes upon:
  • developing self-confidence in the teacher.
  • developing a proper attitude towards teaching.
  • equipping teachers with innovative pedagogic skills.
  • understanding of major principles of child psychology.
  • enabling the teacher to understand the significance of individual differences.

Hence, it is clear that the policies for the development of the teacher education system are designed by the National Council for Teacher Education.

Additional Information

Work Education aims at restoring dignity and respect to all types of manual work, promoting self-reliance in meeting one’s daily needs and those of one’s family and community.

• It increases productivity through the development of proper work skills and values and promotes commitment to the welfare of society through suitable programmes of social work or community service.

Key PointsThe content of Work Education comprises of three categories, i.e.,

• Self-help Activities: A programme for the satisfaction of the day-to-day needs of the students and their families.
• Community Outreach Activities: A programme for sensitization of the students towards their responsibility to satisfy the community needs.
• Pre-vocational Skill Development Activities: This is the most important programme as it is designed to prepare the students for the world of work. However, the actual selection of activities/projects/pre-vocational courses by school would depend upon the availability of natural, physical and human resources in the locality, the socioeconomic background of the community and the needs and interests of the students.  

Important Points​Following are the Community Outreach Activities:​

• Participation in the adult literacy programme.
• Plantation and care of shady/fuel/ornamental/avenue trees.
• Activities related to sensitization towards weaker sections of society.
• Volunteer work in hospitals and fairs, during natural disasters and accidents, etc.
• Studying the nutrition and health status of people in a village/city/slum/tribal area.
• Activities related to sensitization towards the needs of differently-abled and elderly persons.
• Participation in cleanliness drives in schools, community, and neighbourhood areas.
• Helping in community health programmes for enhancing the nutrition, health and environmental status of the community through door-to-door contact programmes.

Thus, it is concluded that activities related to sensitization towards the weaker sections of the society, participation in cleanliness drives in school and the neighbourhood areas, are the activities to be included in community outreach activities.

In the early 20th century, three German psychologists Max Wertheimer, Wolfgang Köhler, and Kurt Koffka proposed new principles for explaining perception called as Gestalt principle. According to these psychologists, the process of perception does not involve perceiving an array of stimuli as an object but it involves our tendency to seek a form or pattern in it.

Key Points

The literal meaning of the word Gestalt is form or configuration. The basic premise of Gestalt psychology is that the ‘whole is different from the sum of its parts. 

• Law of closure: Following its name, this law should not be confused with the law of proximity.
• It states that if enough shape is indicated, people perceive the whole by filling in the missing information.
• This law states that we have a tendency to perceive stimuli as closed shapes even with some missing parts.

Thus, it is concluded that the law of closure of the Gestalt principle of the perceptual organization states that if enough shape is indicated, people perceive the whole by filling in the missing information.

Additional Information

Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) Scheme: The scheme was launched on 2nd October 1975. The Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) Scheme is one of the flagship programs of the Government of India and represents one of the world’s largest and unique programs for early childhood care and development.

Important Points

In the government sector, Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) is the world‟s largest program imparting ECCE. 

Key Points

• Objectives of the scheme-
  • Improvement in the health and nutritional status of children 0-6 years and pregnant and lactating mothers.
  • Reduction in the incidence of their mortality and school drop out.
  • Provision of a firm foundation for proper psychological, physical and social development of the child.
  • Enhancement of the maternal education and capacity to look after her own health and nutrition and that of her family.
  • Effective co-ordination of the policy and implementation among various departments and programs aimed to promote child development.
• Beneficiaries are- 
  • Children 0-6 years
  • Pregnant and Lactating mothers
  • Women 15 - 44 years 

Hence, we can conclude that the largest government-run program for Early Childhood Care and Education is Integrated Child Development Services Scheme.

Additional Information

• The Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (SSA), the latest of all such programs, subsumes the strategies and programs, aimed at achieving universal elementary education of eight years.
• Rajiv Gandhi National Crèche Scheme for the Children of Working Mothers which provides daycare facilities to the children in the age group of 0-6 years from families with a monthly income of less than Rs. 12,000/-
• Meal Programme (MDM) is also called the school lunch or school meal program. As the name indicates, the children attending elementary sections of schools are the chief beneficiaries. 

The meaning of "progressive education" depends on the meaning assigned to the word 'progress'. Progress implies movement and movement involves changes in some direction. 

• 'progressive education', is that body of educational thought that nourished in the fertile mind of John Dewey. 
• According to John Dewey, “Education is reconstruction or reorganisation of experience which adds to the meaning of experience and which increases the ability to direct the course of subsequent experiences.”

Key Points

• The assessment usually measures how much content (concepts and skill) has been achieved by a child out of the identified content he/she was supposed to achieve in a particular class. 
• Assessment plays a crucial role in enhancing the quality of teaching and learning for elementary students as it gives insight into children’s understanding and helps the teacher to reflects on her pedagogy. 
• The assessment provides learners feedback on his/her performance during classroom instruction, in unit tests, termed test, etc.
• Feedback helps learners to know about their strengths and weaknesses. Accordingly, a teacher can provide remedial inputs and learners can improve their learning. 

Thus from above-mentioned points, it is clear that in a progressive classroom, assessment of’ learners during the process of teaching-learning gives insights into children’s understanding and helps the teacher to reflects on her pedagogy. 

NTA is responsible for conducting standardized university entrance exams as per the recommendations of NEP 2020.

Continuous and Cumulative evaluation refers to a school-based evaluation, which covers all aspects of school activities related to a child’s development.

It emphasizes two-fold objectives such as continuity of evaluation and assessment of learning outcomes in a comprehensive manner.

Key Points

• It covers all the learning domains, i.e. cognitive, affective and psychomotor domains.
• It assesses the student’s performance in both scholastic and co-scholastic activities.
• It reduces the stress and anxiety of students as they don't have to prepare for so many examinations and be assessed on the basis of their continous class performance.
• The purpose of continuous evaluation is improvement in learning. For this, the learning gaps and weaknesses are diagnosed so that feedback can be provided.

Hence we conclude that the most important objective of the continuous and cumulative evaluation is Reducing stress and anxiety.

Additional Information

• Reducing school dropout rates- This was the objective of the RTE Act 2010.
• More focus on getting an education - It was a provision of the government of India after acquiring independence.
• Attracting students to come to the school - This was emphasized under the right to education Act 2009.

Counselling refers to the process which gives importance to recognizing the root of the counsellee's problems to help them with proper guidance.

Key Points

• Community-based counselling involves groups of families having children with conduct disorders. It may also involve people who drop out of school and whose difficulties are likely to be more severe. 
• Home or community-based counselling may not benefit the child who has such problems in the school setting. 
• A common characteristic of Community-based counselling is that the professional develop close and personal bonds with his client.
• The counsellor needs to be professionally qualified and well-informed in his field and to understand how his work fits in with the work of others in the caring team; importantly, the counsellor should also be aware of how the physical,
  emotional, social and spiritual distress of his patients or clients influences him on a personal level as well as in discharging his professional responsibilities.

Additional Information

• The School-based counselling/School Counseling Program is comprehensive in scope, developmental in nature, proactive in design, and differentiated in order to address individual and societal needs.
• School-based counselling fosters an environment that encourages students to develop self-awareness, as well as understanding, tolerance and acceptance of others’ diverse qualities, backgrounds, beliefs and aptitudes.

Inclusion in education means education for all children in school as it refers to the inclusion of all children in the education system, regardless of their differences and disabilities.

Key Points 

Basic Principles of Inclusive Education:

• Well constructed educational plan.
• Use of multilingualism as a resource.
• Equity and equal opportunities for all.
• Use of specific pedagogical strategies.
• Sensitization towards individual differences.

So we can consider that equality is the main characteristic of inclusive education.

Hint

• Stereotyping is a process by which children are socialized into sex roles, and by which adults and children are denied opportunities for more individually varied development.
• Labeling the students and providing them special education is not a perfect way to cure misconceptions, labeling may hurt the feelings of the students, and according to the RTE- 2009,  students of all categories should learn under the same roof, i.e. inclusive education.

Important Points  

In Inclusive education the main objectives are- 

• flexibility in learning.
• Creating an environment in which the child can learn with diversity, not creating a special environment for learning.
• Equitable education for all, including challenging children.
• Emphasis on their learning to read instead of emphasizing teaching.
• To use different teaching methods according to the needs of each student, so that every child can have access to the knowledge.

in time   first function completes one oscillation, second function two oscillations and the third three

so for the combination T = 2π/ω

No, this statement is false. The Earth always has a vertical component except at the equator. Similarly, the earth always has a horizontal component except at the poles.

Electric potential is a scalar quantity and its value is solely dependent on the charge near it and the distance from that charge. In this case, the point is equidistant from the two point charges and the point charges have the same value but opposite nature. Therefore equal but opposite potentials are generated due to the charges and hence the net potential at midpoint becomes zero.

In fibre optics ,an optical phenomenon known as total internal reflection is used to transmit light rays. In case of the simplest form of optical fiber, light entering one end of the fiber strikes the boundary of the fiber and is reflected inward.

As we know,
Average power in ac circuit is given by P=V_rms​i_rms​cosϕ 
For pure capacitive circuit ϕ=90^o so P=0

Hg expands on heat (thermometers) it acts as a good conducting metal.

When liquid molecules are attracted strongly to themselves and weakly to those of solids, it costs lots of energy to create liquid-solid surface and liquid then does not wet the solid.

For Example: Mercury molecules (which make an obtuse angle with glass) have a strong force of attraction between themselves and a weak force of attraction toward solids. Hence, they tend to form drops.
On the other hand, water molecules make acute angles with glass. They have a weak force of attraction between themselves and a strong force of attraction toward solids. Hence, they tend to spread out.

The angle suspended by the finite line charge at P=60°
So, the resultant electric field due to line charge will be at 60/2⇒30° since we can assume the charge concentrated at the centre of finite line charge.

To have the maximum range of the emerging stream, the value of x is to be (h/2) where h is the depth of water. 

Every foot of elevation change causes a 0.433 PSI change in water pressure. If your pipe is going downhill add 0.433 PSI of pressure per vertical foot the pipe goes down. If the pipe is going uphill subtract 0.433 PSI for every vertical foot the pipe goes up.

The multiplication of the numbers:
10.610 × 0.210 = 2.2281

Since, the numbers 10.610 and 0.210 have 5 and 3 significant digits, respectively. So, the final result must also have 3 significant digits.

The final answer is 2.23 after rounding off 2.2281.