KVS PGT Physics Mock Test - 9 - KVS PGT/TGT/PRT MCQ

Rule- The object in the active voice becomes the subject in the passive voice and the subject in the active voice becomes the object in the passive voice.This is valid in both ways (Active to passive and vice-versa). Further, the verb is changed to the past participle form. 
Thus, option 1 is correct.

A realist is a person who analyses every problem on real and factual terms.
Example- The world today requires realist leaders more than anything else.

सही उत्तर गर्मी से पदार्थ फैलते हैं और ठंड से सिकुड़ते हैं। है।

Key Points

• गर्मी से पदार्थ फैलते हैं और ठंड से सिकुड़ते हैं।- वाक्य संयुक्त वाक्य है।
• उपरोक्त वाक्य में दो साधारण वाक्य समुच्चयबोधक शब्द (और) की सहायता से जुड़कर संयुक्त वाक्य बना रहे हैं।
• संयुक्त वाक्य- जिस वाक्य में दो या दो से अधिक स्वतंत्र साधारण वाक्य या प्रधान उपवाक्य उपस्थित हों तो उस वाक्य को संयुक्त वाक्य कहते हैं।
• उदाहरण- रमेश बीमार है इसलिए आज खेलने नहीं आया है।
• संयुक्त वाक्य की पहचान- संयुक्त वाक्य की पहचान वाक्य में उपस्थित संयोजक, विभाजक, विरोधदर्शक या परिणामबोधक शब्दों से की जा सकती है तथा वाक्य में उपस्थित स्वतंत्र साधारण वाक्य या प्रधान उपवाक्य को देखकर भी की जा सकती है।

अन्य विकल्प-

• जहाँ अभी समुद्र है, वहाँ कभी जंगल था।- मिश्र वाक्य है, यह वाक्य जहाँ- वहाँ से मिलकर बना हुआ है, अतः यह मिश्र वाक्य का उदाहरण है।
• बुरा न मानो तो एक बात कहूँ।- मिश्र वाक्य है, 'तो' संयोजक आने पर यह मिश्र वाक्य का उदाहरण है।
• सभापति ने अपना भाषण पढ़ा।- सरल वाक्य है, इसमें एक उद्देश्य और एक विधेय है। (उद्देश्य - सभापति, विधेय- अपना भाषण पढ़ा।)

Additional Information

Hence, "Printer" is the correct answer.

Important PointsInput Device: A piece of equipment/hardware that helps us enter data into a computer is called an input device. For example keyboard, mouse, etc. 

1. Keyboard:

• A simple device comprising keys and each key denotes either an alphabet, number, or number commands which can be given to a computer for various actions to be performed
• It has a modified version of typewriter keys
• The keyboard is an essential input device and computers and laptops both use keyboards to give commands to the computer

2. Joy Stick:

• It is a device that comprises a stick that is attached at an angle to the base so that it can be moved and controlled
• Mostly used to control the movement in video games
• Apart from a computer system, a joystick is also used in the cockpit of an aeroplane, wheelchairs, cranes, trucks, etc. to operate them well

3. Scanner:

• This device can scan images or text and convert it into a digital signal
• When we place any piece of a document on a scanner, it converts it into a digital signal and displays it on the computer screen

Output Device: A piece of equipment/hardware that gives out the result of the entered input, once it is processed (i.e. converts data from machine language to a human-understandable language), is called an output device. For example printers, monitors, etc. 

Printer:

• A device that makes a copy of the pictorial or textual content, usually over a paper is called a printer
• For example, an author types the entire book on his/her computer and later gets a printout of it, which is in the form of paper and is later published
• Multiple types of printers are also available in the market, which can serve different purposes

School Management Committee (SMC) is a form of community Interaction and involvement in school functioning. The purpose of the SMC is to actively engage local communities in the development, execution, and evaluation of school improvement initiatives.

Key PointsKey Functions of SMC:

• Making a School Development Plan (SDP) as per the RTE guidelines/norms.
• Supervising and supporting the implementation of SDP.
• Supervising/monitoring finance, management, and academic progress.
• Ensuring regular attendance and punctuality of teachers.
• Sanctioning restricted and casual leave to primary, and upper primary headmasters.
• Arranging and maintaining basic infrastructural amenities.
• Prioritizing children who are disadvantaged, to obtain an equal opportunity for education.
• Regular auctioning of crops grown in the school lands and giving the money to the School Education Fund.
• Organizing programs for mobilizing enrollment and bridge courses for bringing children back to school.

​Hence, we conclude that prioritizing normal students is not a right Provided by RTE Act 2005 to SMCs.

Objectives of Early Childhood Education: The aim of Early Childhood Care and Education (ECCE) is to facilitate the optimum development of the child’s full potential and lay the foundation for all-round development and lifelong learning.

Key Points 
This aim is to be achieved by enabling the child to:

• Develop a positive self-concept.
• Establish a sound foundation for a good physique, adequate muscular coordination, and basic motor skills.
• Imbibe good health habits and basic life skills/ self-help skills necessary for personal social adjustment.
• Enhance verbal and non-verbal communication skills which would facilitate the expression of thoughts and feelings in fluent, correct, clear speech.
• Develop the five senses and cognitive skills and concepts which are the foundation for higher-order thinking and reasoning.
• Develop emotional maturity by guiding the child to express, understand, accept and control feelings and emotions.
• Develop independence, aesthetic appreciation, and creativity by providing a child with sufficient opportunities for self-expression and active exploration, investigation, and experimentation.
• Make a smooth transition from preschool to primary through the development of emergent literacy and school readiness. 

Hence, we conclude that early childhood education involves all sorts of development.

"Making errors is a shameful act for the learners". This statement is detrimental to student's learning.

Teacher's beliefs impact their teaching behaviour, learner development, guide their decision making and interactions with their learners. Beliefs help teachers from their planning, curricular decisions and identify what should be taught in the classroom.

Teachers’ beliefs are related to some factors that interact with each other in the processes of teaching and learning. Teachers bring beliefs acquired from many years of learning experiences to a teacher education that impacts what and how they learn to teach. Teachers’ beliefs affect what they say and do in the classroom which forms their beliefs. Teachers’ beliefs affect teacher awareness, teaching attitudes, and teaching methods. Teachers’ beliefs impact their teaching behaviour, and learner development, and guide their decision-making and interactions with their learners. Beliefs help teachers form their planning and curricular decisions and identify what should be taught in the classroom. On the whole, it can be concluded that teachers’ beliefs will have a great effect on forming active teaching methods and will bring about a considerable amount of advance in learners’ language capabilities.

Motivation encourages a learner to work in a specific direction to achieve a particular goal. It helps in channelizing the focus of the student to achieve the target.

• There are many methods of motivating learners which can either be categorized into extrinsic or intrinsic types of motivation.
• Extrinsic motivation refers to the performance of an activity in order to attain an outcome and comes from outside of the individual. 
• Intrinsic motivation refers to motivation that is driven by an interest in the task itself and exists within the individual. 

Key Points

• A teacher as a leader can encourage her students to remain intrinsically motivated for learning by supporting them in setting individual mastery goals for themselves and as per their interests.
• Setting individual goals give primacy to children's understanding, experiences, and needs and will provide ample opportunities to the children to foster their own strategy of learning.
• Intrinsic motivation is the drive to achieve something in life that satisfies one’s needs and when children work at their own pace to achieve their individual goals they develop their fullest potential.

Hence, a teacher as a leader can encourage her students to remain intrinsically motivated for learning by supporting them in setting individual mastery goals for themselves and as per their interests.

Hint

• Giving rewards is related to extrinsic motivation.
• Inducing anxiety and fear and giving competitive tests could lead to low self-esteem and anxiety in low achievers.

This Framework is firmly focussed on the needs of the child and should lead to improved child care and a developmentally appropriate environment for children, leading to a positive impact on the quality of learning and increased attainment of learning outcomes for children participating in ECCE programs. 

Important Points

The National ECCE Curriculum Framework comprises broadly three sections.

• Section I consists of an introduction, vision for an Indian child, rationale, and theoretical foundation for ECCE. The objectives of early childhood education; pedagogical bases and principles of early learning are laid out.
• Section II comprises details of the goals for different domains of development, i.e. physical, language, cognitive, socio-emotional, and creative and aesthetic appreciation, to be fostered to ensure holistic development of children under six years. It comprises suggested developmentally appropriate practices for different age groups.
• Section III focuses on implementation details such as principles of program planning, stages of program planning, the role of parents and caregivers/ECCE teachers, essential play materials and assessment procedure, etc. 

Hence, we can conclude that the National ECCE Curriculum Framework comprises broadly three sections.

School is a place designed to provide an adequate learning environment for an effective teaching-learning process. It is a miniature society where children learn by interacting with their environment.

• Individual difference refers to the difference which distinguishes an individual from another on the basis of psychological characteristics.

Key Points

Supports that a school should provide to achieve educational aims by addressing the Individual differences in students:

• providing multiple learning opportunities.
• following a child-centered and flexible curriculum.
• observing and diagnosing the learner's individual needs.
• working with specific and collaborative teaching models.
• using different pedagogy to meet learners' diverse needs.

Hint

The remaining options are not true because:

• Removal of individual differences is not possible and if possible then also it won't facilitate meaningful learning.
• Referring slow learners to special schools will make the child feel being segregated and could lead to low self-esteem.
• Following the same level of curriculum for all students will be an obstacle as every learner has their own individual learning needs. 

Hence, it could be concluded that 'providing multiple learning opportunities to students' is correct in the context.

Socialization is a process of learning the rules, habits and values of a group. It is a process that continues throughout life from birth till adulthood. However, there are different phases in which the process takes place. These phases are usually spread across different age groups and have been categorized as different types of socialization.

Key Points

Developmental socialization-

• This kind of socialization involves a learning process where the focus is more on developing social skills pertaining to the culture and one's own stage of development.
• For example, a Senior High School student begins teaching English to new students in order to improve verbal communication.
• Although this kind of socialization can occur at any time, it is frequently believed to occur throughout childhood and adolescence.
• Children pick up crucial social skills like how to interact with people, how to handle conflict, and how to make friends throughout these years.

Hence, we conclude that in developmental socialization, the focus is more on developing social skills pertaining to the culture and one's stage of development.

Additional Information

Lewis Madison Terman (1877 –1956) was an American psychologist and author. He was noted as a pioneer in educational psychology. Terman (1904) produced the first empirical study of leadership, examining the qualities that differentiated leaders from non-leaders in schoolchildren. He reported such attributes as verbal fluency, intelligence, low emotionality, daring, congeniality, goodness, and liveliness as characterizing youthful leaders.

Qualities of a leader:

• Least selfish: A Leader should be least selfish. He should think about the common goal of the group.
• Innovative:  A leader should be Innovative and entrepreneur.

Key Points

Personal Qualities of a Leader

• Being Honest & Consistent: Honest and consistent in behaviour; more concerned with the good of the organization than personal ambition
• Acting with Integrity: Open to criticism and disagreement, consults and involves others in decision-making; regards values as integral to the organization
• Being Decisive, Risk-taking: Decisive when required; prepared to take difficult decisions, and risks when appropriate
• Inspiring Others: Charismatic, exceptional communicator; inspires others to join them
• Resolving Complex Problems: Capacity to deal with a wide range of complex issues; creative in problem-solving

School culture can be defined as the guiding beliefs and values evident in the way in which a school operates and can be used to encompass all the attitudes, expected behaviors, and values that impact how the school operates.

Key Points

• School culture refers to the beliefs, perceptions, relationships, attitudes, and written and unwritten rules that influence and shape school's functions in all aspects.
• It is the set of norms, beliefs, and assumptions with a calm and orderly atmosphere that promotes learners' ability for meaningful learning.
• It works as a general guideline for the stability of order and discipline through the involvement of students, teachers and parents for better academic outcomes. 

Hence, it could be concluded that school culture plays a crucial in achieving the aims of education. Here, school culture refers to beliefs, perceptions, relationships, and attitudes.

A school must be responsive to its constituencies in governance, sensitive to the diverse needs of all learners, an advocate for students and learning before the people of the community, and, as such, a vigorous ambassador for public education before all citizens.

Key Points

Responsibilities of school

• The school in consultation with staff establishes goals and directions for the school and leads staff to work cooperatively toward the achievement of these goals and directions.
• The school fosters a professional learning community.
• The school develops a sense of community.
• The school asserts its independence from the community in improving conditions.
• The school ensures that the school’s educational direction is consistent with and in harmony with the divisional goals and directions.
• The school works toward participatory decision-making involving all staff.
• The school strives toward developing an environment and climate that fosters student growth and academic excellence.

Hint

• Censor the radio, T.V., movies, and theatre programs is the responsibility of the censor board.
• Taking over the educative functions of home and religion is not the responsibility of the school.

Hence, we can conclude that it is the duty of the school to asserts its independence from the community in improving conditions.

By faraday's law
ϵ=− dϕ/dt ​=dϕdx​/dx​dt
=B_o​d (2d​/2a)v_o​

According to all figure given,
The magnetic field due to square shape in all options will be zero, Because distribution of current will be less in the ϕ longer path. But its cumulative effect of the magnetic field at the centre will be the same.
 
In option (A) and (B) current line is passing through the centre, So its perpendicular distance will be zero, so magnetic field in Both (A) and (B) will be zero due to incoming and outgoing current.
Refer image .1
 
Whereas in case of (D) Magnetic field due to incoming current and outgoing current will be equal and opposite so it will cancel out these effects.
Refer image .2
be in case of (C) Magnetic field will be in same direction with equal magnitude by the incoming and outgoing current, So its effect will not cancel 
Option C.

Explanation:

(i) PQ = diameter = displacement for each girl = 2r = 2 x 200 = 400 m

Since, displacement vector does not depend upon the actual path length and it is the shortest distance between initial and final position, so in the case of each girl the displacement is 400 m.

(ii)This is equal to the actual length of the path skated by girl B.

Q = CV

This is because for maximum diffraction the slit width always equals to the wavelength of light.

Electric field at a distance r,
(r₀ < r < 2r₀) from the center is given by

Potential at the outer surface,

∴ If V is the required potential at r  = 3r₀/2,

Explanation:

At const volume, 

Q = 500 J

Q=nCPΔT

500=1×2.5×8.31ΔT

ΔT=24.06

W=nRΔT=1×8.31×24.06=200J

A banked turn (or banking turn) is a turn or change of direction in which the vehicle banks or inclines, usually towards the inside of the turn. The bank angle is the angle at which the vehicle is inclined about its longitudinal axis with respect to the horizontal.

As the temperature increases, the inter-atomic distance also increases. So, it results in an increase in the area (stress = force /area). As the area increases stress decreases, this results in a decrease in Young's modulus.

In the given question neither the magnetic field nor the area of the ring is changing. So there will be a constant flux in the ring and hence there will be no EMF (or) current induced in the ring.

Let the ball is pressed down by a small y, then the value of air decreased by Ay.  

Then, excess pressure is 

Mass of the object is quantitative measure of its inertia stated law is Newton's First Law.

The Particle Model of emission and absorption is based on the idea that light is composed of discrete particles called photons, and these photons carry quantized energy. This model helps us understand how atoms and molecules interact with light by either emitting or absorbing photons during electronic transitions.

Gross errors are mostly due to lack of knowledge, judgment and care on the part of experiment. That is Gross error is caused by careless handling.

P = m1(v1 - vc) + m2(v2 – vc)
P = m1v1 + m2v2 – (m1 + m2)vc
Also, we know that vc = m1v1 + m2v2/(m1 + m2)
Hence P = 0