KVS PGT Chemistry Mock Test - 1 - KVS PGT/TGT/PRT MCQ

The sentence has no error.

The sentence means that the person in concern changed his lifestyle completely after serving his prison sentence. "Turned over a new leaf" is a phrase that is used to depict a new beginning to something.
Thus, the sentence is correct in its original form and option 4 is correct.

The word 'to' is used as an appropriate preposition with 'coming' in cases where a common conclusion is attained.   
Example-The trader bargained and came to a common price with the dealer.

The correct option is Option 4, i.e., ‘The letter was posted by Alice.’
The sentence is in the simple past tense in the active voice, and as such, has to remain in the simple past tense when being converted to passive voice. Therefore, the correct answer is Option 4.

The correct answer is Shark — Tortoise — Otter.

Key Points

• Shark - Scientists believe that sharks came into existence around 400 million years ago. It is believed that they descended from a small leaf-shaped fish that had no eyes, bones on fins.
  • These fish then evolved into two main groups of fish that are found today.
  • Bony fish and cartilaginous fish which include shark and Chimaira.
  • Sharks are on the top of the marine food chain and are the only huge marine reptiles that exist today.
• Tortoise is believed to have existed for 250 million years.
  • They belong to the reptile species of the family Testudinidae.
  • Tortoise has a hard shell to protect from the outside environment. They are believed to have evolved from very large body sizes of around 100 kgs. They are among the longest-living land animals in the world.
• Otters are believed to have existed on earth for the past 23 million years.
  • They have evolved significantly and have gone through many adaptations to survive till this time.

Additional Information

• They have the ability to move both on water and land except sea otters. The rest of the otters have webbed feet which help them to move in the water.
• They have five toes which help them to move on land as well. It is believed that they were once land animals only but they ended up going in the water to be safe from predators.
• It is also believed that the food sources were available in limited quantities on land so they started hunting in water to survive.

Concept:

• Plant growth hormones or phytohormones are simple molecules with complex chemical composition, that regulates the growth and physiology of plants.
• Based on their functions on the living plant body they can be classified into two groups:

1. Plant growth promoters - Promotes activities like cell division, cell enlargement, flowering, fruiting, etc. Eg. Auxins, Gibberellins & cytokinins.
2. Plant growth inhibitors - They are involved in various growth-inhibiting activities like dormancy, and abscission. Eg. Abscisic acid.

• Gaseous PGR like ethylene can be put into both groups, however, it is largely an inhibitor of growth activities.

Explanation:

• Ethylene is a simple gaseous PGR.
• It is synthesized in large amounts by tissues undergoing senescence and ripening fruits.
• Influences of ethylene on plants include horizontal growth of seedlings, swelling of the axis, and apical hook formation in dicot seedlings.
• Ethylene promotes senescence and abscission of plant organs, especially of leaves and flowers.
• Ethylene is highly effective in fruit ripening. It enhances the respiration rate during the ripening of the fruits. This rise in the rate of respiration is called respiratory climactic.
• Ethylene breaks seed and bud dormancy, initiates germination in peanut seeds, sprouting of potato tubers.
• Ethylene promotes rapid internode/petiole elongation in deepwater rice plants.
• It helps leaves/ upper parts of the shoot to remain above water.
• Ethylene also promotes root growth and root hair formation, thus helping the plants to increase their absorption surface.

Additional Information

The correct answer is Desktop.

Key Points

• The desktop is the main screen area that you see after you turn on your computer and log on to Windows.
• Like the top of an actual desk, it serves as a surface for your work.
• When you open programs or folders, they appear on the desktop.
• The desktop is the primary user interface of a computer.
• It includes the desktop background (or wallpaper) and icons of files and folders you may have saved to the desktop.
• In Windows, the desktop includes a taskbar, which is located at the bottom of the screen by default.

Additional Information

• The Start menu is a graphical user interface element used in Microsoft Windows since Windows 95 and in some other operating systems.  
• A file manager or file browser is a computer program that provides a user interface to manage files and folders. 
• An operating system is system software that manages computer hardware, software resources, and provides common services for computer programs.

Disability: A disability is defined as any restriction or lack (resulting from an impairment) of ability to perform an activity in the manner or within the range considered normal for a human being.

Key Points Intellectual disability: A condition characterized by significant limitation both in intellectual functioning (reasoning, learning, problem solving) and in adaptive behavior which covers a range of every day, social and practical skills, including –

1. “specific learning disabilities” means a heterogeneous group of conditions wherein there is a deficit in processing language, spoken or written, that may manifest itself as a difficulty to comprehend, speak, read, write, spell, or to do mathematical calculations and includes such conditions as perceptual disabilities, dyslexia, dysgraphia, dyscalculia, dyspraxia and developmental aphasia;
2. “autism spectrum disorder” means a neuro-developmental condition typically appearing in the first three years of life that significantly affects a person’s ability to communicate, understand relationships and relate to others, and is frequently associated with unusual or stereotypical rituals or behaviours.

Thus, the option - it does not include Autistic Spectrum Disorder is not true about Intellectual Disability.

Additional InformationThe Rights of Persons with Disabilities Act, 2016  makes five broad categories of disabilities. Under each of these categories various disabilities are further described. The Act has made a provision to include any other category as may be notified by the Government of India. This Act defines disability as follows:

1) Physical disability

• Locomotor disability
• Visual impairment
• Hearing impairment
• Speech and language disability

2) Intellectual disability

• specific learning disabilities
• autism spectrum disorder

3) Mental behavior

4)Disability caused due to:

• chronic neurological conditions
• blood disorder

5) Multiple disabilities 

Visual impairment for children with poor vision, children who can see light but no shapes, to children who have no perception of light at all. However, for general discussion, it is useful to think of this population as representing two broad groups: those with low vision and those who are legally blind.

Key Points

• ​A child is termed legally blind when its visual acuity (sharpness of vision) is 20/200 or worse after correction, or when the field of vision is less than 20 degrees; in the best eye after correction.
• Low vision includes problems (after correction) such as dimness of vision, haziness, film over the eye, foggy vision, extreme near- or farsightedness, distortion of vision, spots before the eyes, colour distortions, visual field defects, tunnel vision, no peripheral vision, abnormal sensitivity to light or glare, and night blindness.
• Visually impaired children can be classified as Children with poor vision and Such children who can see light but cannot see shapes.

​Hence, we can conclude that Both I and II are the correct statement regarding the visually impaired.

Socialization is the process in which a student gets started to interact with society and friends around his environment. 
Key Points

There are some important points that are related socialization of children given below.

• The child starts playing with friends, and at that time he learns mutual exchange and communication.
• When a teacher teaches any Student that there are many opportunities to become socially active throughout his life because the teacher teaches all the types and terms of psychology in which they know much information about to become social.
• Socialization of a child starts from a family which comes under the Primary agent of socialization.
• When a baby is born means from infancy age to death or we can say womb to tumb he continues acquired knowledge from their parent's friends and environment.
• Family gives shelter to live life with social relationships.

Hence this proves that The Socialization of a child starts in the family.
Additional Information

• Socialization is the process that starts from infancy we acquire knowledge, rights, habits, and attitude throughout life.
• People learn all these experiences to become live their civilization and culture respectively.

The Play-way level school is based on the physiological principle of development and growth to keep the child fit and fight diseases. In these schools, there are no strict rules for learning, but education is learned by the way of playing.

• The aim of these schools is to remove the boring classroom environment by incorporating appropriate games to provide children with rich, meaningful, and balanced learning.
• It helps children to be socialized and enables the overall development of the children by helping them to reach full potential in all aspects of life.

• The play-way method is a complete package that enables the overall development of the child by developing in terms of feelings, intellect, and skills parameters. The Play-way method is mostly “Activity-based” or “Hands-on Experience”, children learn to cooperate in playing together. They learn to adjust their needs and desires to the behavior of their peers. In a very real sense, the child begins to develop a sense of self as distinct from the family. Thus, primary socialization takes place in infancy and childhood.
• It not only focuses on subjective development but the emotional development of the child as well.
• In this method, playing acts as the driving force as the entire learning method revolves around activity-based learning. It encourages expression and creative skills among children.

Key Points

Play way level is a method of teaching for lower classes that emphasize upon:

• enabling the overall development of the child.
• providing children with rich, meaningful, and balanced learning.

• removing the monotonous classroom environment by incorporating appropriate games.

• promoting the physiological principle of development and growth to keep the child fit and fight diseases.

Hence, we can conclude that there are/is no strict rules/methods to learn, but education is learned by the way of playing, which is correct regarding the play-way level.

Motivation encourages a learner to work in a specific direction to achieve a particular goal. It helps in channelizing the focus of the student to achieve the target.

Key Points

There are many methods of motivating the learners which can either be categorized into extrinsic or intrinsic types of motivation.

• Extrinsic motivation refers to the performance of an activity in order to attain an outcome and comes from outside of the individual. 
  • Example: Motivation by parents, teachers, society, peer groups, etc.
• Intrinsic motivation refers to motivation that is driven by an interest in the task itself and exists within the individual. 
  • Example: Motivation by self, motivation by curiosity, etc.
• ​So Option (1) is the correct answer.

Important Points

Characteristics of Intrinsic motivation are:

• Intrinsic motivation is an inner drive that propels a person to pursue an activity, not for external rewards.
• An intrinsically motivated activity will always be rewarded due to the direct relationship between the activity and the goal.
• An intrinsically motivated person will work on a solution to a problem because the challenge of finding a solution provides a sense of pleasure.
• Set challenges, interests, and Purpose are some methods to increase intrinsic motivation.

Learning disabilities in Mathematics can be assessed most appropriately by the diagnostic test. 
A diagnostic test is a test that is used to measure the level of understanding a student possess regarding any subject area. Teachers conduct diagnostic tests for reading and maths skills and use these results to provide remedial instructions or classes to students as per their level.
Hence, the correct answer is, 'Diagnostic Test.'

Community participation:
“An emphasis on participation has links with the interest in democracy in community organization and in self-help and political incorporation in the community developmental aspects.” 

The World Bank (2000b) describes participation as “a. process through which the stakeholders influence and share control over development initiatives and the decisions and resources which affect them”

In the educational history of education community participation in education is not new. It is important to discuss what community is in terms of educational points of view. 

• Communities can be defined by characteristics that members share, such as culture, language, tradition, law, geography, class, and race.
• Community participation in education is viewed as an effective means of promoting education both in qualitative and qualitative terms.
• Community is a group structure, whether formally or informally organized, in which members play roles that are integrated around goals associated with the problems from collective occupation and utilization of habitudinal space, second, members of the community have some degree of collective identification with the occupied space.
• Communities based on shared family or educational concerns, which include parents association and similar bodies that are based on families shared concern for the welfare of students.

Benefits of community participation in schooling:

1. Where communities participate, there are improved school facilities, increased accountability among school personnel, and improved capacity of participants.
2. Community participation in education helps to identify issues and problems in school education. 
3. According to a recent policy brief from the National Education Association (NEA), “when schools, parents, families, and communities work together to support learning, students tend to earn higher grades, attend school more regularly, stay in school longer, and enroll in higher-level programs”.

Conclusion: 

Community participation in education in India can be termed mostly as legislated participation, as people's participation is being promoted through constitutional provisions and program guidelines. The main objective of participatory development is to increase the involvement of socially and economically marginalized people in making decisions regarding their own lives. The assumption is that the participatory approach empowers people with the skills and confiden

Consider werner’s theroy

• The periodic table of today owes its development to two chemists namely the Russian chemist Dmitri Mendeleev and the German chemist J. Lother Meyer.
• In 1869, they independently proposed that when the elements are arranged in the increasing order of their atomic weights, similarities in both physical and chemical properties appear at regular intervals.

When chlorine and Ethane are taken with chlorine in excess only then we have more than one product like chloroethane, dichloroethane, trichloroethane etc. To avoid this we should take Ethane in excess because when we will take it then in excess then we will have only single time chlorination and we will get monochloroethane.

Maximum oxidation number of Cl = + 7

Thus, species with + 7 oxidation number can be reduced but not oxidised.

[Co(NH₃)₄CI₂]⁺ exhibits geometrical isomerism.
cis-[Co(en)₂CI₂]⁺ because of the absence of symmetry elements exhibit optical isomerism.
[Co(NH₃)₅(NO₂)]CI₂ because of the presence of ambidentate (NO₂) ligand exhibit linkage isomerism. [Co(NH₃)₆][Cr(CN₎6] exhibits coordination isomerism because here, cation and anion both are complex.

(i) → (s), (ii) →(p), (iii) → (t), (iv) → (r)

Soda ash is Na₂CO₃.

Attractive forces tend to bring two atoms close to each other whereas repulsive forces tend to move them away. In hydrogen, the magnitude of the new attractive forces is greater than that of new repulsive forces. As a result, two atoms come close to each other and potential energy decreases. The atoms approach each other until the equilibrium stage is reached where the net force of attraction balances the force of repulsion and system acquires minimum energy. 

The correct answer is option D(None of the above)
The given compound is 4-Bromo-3methylheptanal

Molecularity is defined as the number of molecules, atoms, or radicals that must collide simultaneously in order for the reaction to take place. It is always a natural number and cannot be negative.

In solid state, N₂O₅ exists as nitronium nitrate 
In   nitrogen is sp and in  , nitrogen is sp².

Because isotones means the same number of neutron, So, from the question, option c is right, number of neutron in k is,39-19= 20,and,the number of neutron in ca is also 40-20=20 so it is isotones. 

Gain of hydrogen , electron and decrease in oxidation number is reduction

Ferromagnetic substance get permanently magnetised in applied Magnetic Field.

• Molecules of most electronegative elements, compounds having an element in the highest oxidation state and oxides of metals and nonmetals are examples of oxidising agents.
• But sodium hydride is a metallic hydride, so it is not an oxidizing agent.

In the case of alkene, we have the order of stability as “ resonance>isolated>continuous pi bond”. The reason behind this is due to the presence of continuous Pi bond there is repulsion between the cloud of electrons and thus the alkene molecules with continuous pi bond become unstable. The heat of hydrogenation order is reverse the order of stability. We will find the stability. Due to resonance second is more stable than first. In three and four four is more stable as it has 6 Alpha hydrogen while 3  has only two Alpha hydrogen so the order of stability is  2>1>4>3, so the heat of hydrogenation order will be the reverse of this and the Order will be option number d