KVS PGT Chemistry Mock Test - 2 - KVS PGT/TGT/PRT MCQ

The sentence in concern states that superistitions are still prevalent in our country and people blindly follow them. "Blind faith" is a phrase that stands for showing a faith without any rationality. The sentence is thus correct in its original format and no improvement to it is required. 
Option 4 is hence correct.

• 'मत्स्य' का पर्यायवाची है - मीन।
• मत्स्य शब्द के अन्य पर्यायवाची शब्द - जलजीवन, शफरी, मकर, मछली।

Key Points

अन्य विकल्प-

Additional Informationपर्यायवाची शब्द के अन्य उदाहरण -

विकल्प 1, ‘निशापति - दिवाकर’ यह युग्म सही नहीं है।

Key Points

• "निशापति - दिवाकर" यह युग्म समानार्थी शब्दों को नहीं दर्शाता।
• निशापति का अर्थ -
  • चंद्रमा; राकेश।
• दिवाकर का अर्थ -
  • दिनकर, सूर्य।
• अन्य सभी विकल्प सही सुमेलित हैं। वे सभी चन्द्रमा के समानार्थी शब्द हैं।

Additional Information

• समानार्थी का अर्थ होता हैं (समान+अर्थ) अर्थात किसी शब्द का समान अर्थ वाले दूसरे शब्द या उसी के सामान कोई दूसरा नाम (वस्तु)। सामान्यत: हिन्दी में एक ही वस्तु के अनेक समान अर्थ वाले शब्द है।
• जब किसी बात (विचार), वस्तु या भाव का केवल अर्थ बताना हो और उसके अर्थ को बताने के लिए जिस शब्द का प्रयोग करें, वह शब्द समानार्थी शब्द कहलाएगा। जबकि किसी एक ही बात (विचार), वस्तु, भाव को किन-किन नामों से या किन किन शब्दों से जाना जाता है यह पूछा जाए तो बताने के लिए प्रयुक्त शब्दों के समूह में सभी पर्यायवाची होंगे।
  • जैसे:-, 'अश्व' का समानार्थी 'घोड़ा' होगा। इसके विपरीत यदि यहाँ यह कहा जाये कि अश्व को और किन-किन शब्दों से संबोधित किया जाता है तब उत्तर में घोटक, बाजी, हय, तुरंग, दधिका, सैंधव, घोड़ा, रविपुत्र, सर्ता आदि बताए जायेंगे और ये सभी शब्द 'अश्व' के पर्यायवाची होंगे।

The correct answer is Alauddin Khilji.

Key Points

• Alauddin Khilji:
  • Alauddin Khilji was the second ruler of the Khalji Dynasty.
  • He ruled from 1296 to1316.​
  • He conquered nearly the regions which include Gujrat, Chittor, Ranthambhor, Malwa, Ujjain, etc.
  • He acquires the title "Sikander-i-Sani".
  • He was the first Sultan to conquer South India.

Additional Information

• Iltutmish:
  • ​He was the real founder of the Delhi sultanate.
  • He ruled from 1211 to 1236 AD.
  • He introduces the Iqta system and made it hereditary.
• Babur:
  • ​He was the founder of the Mughal Empire in India.
  • He ruled from 1526 to 1530 AD.
  • Baburnama, also known as Tuzk-e Babri is the biography of Babur written by him.
  • Humayun was the son of Babur.

• Muhammad bin Tughluq:
  • ​Muhammad bin Tughluq was the Sultan of Delhi from 1325 to 1351.
  • He was the founder of the Tughluq dynasty.
  • He was proficient in many Indian languages.
  • He introduced the copper currency system.

Preparing the family tree using the following symbols:

On decoding L θ Z β T means L is the mother of Z and Z is the sister of T.

i) L is mother of T → True
ii) L is father of T → False (as L is mother of T) 
iii) T is father of L → False (as T is either son or daughter of L)
iv) Z is daughter of T → False (as Z is sister of T)
Hence, 'L is mother of T' is the correct answer.

The description is as follows:

Hence, ‘COW’ is the odd one out.

Key Points

• ICT has also become integral to the teaching-learning interaction, through such approaches as replacing chalkboards with interactive digital whiteboards, using students’ own smartphones or other devices for learning during class time, and the “flipped classroom” model where students watch lectures at home on the computer and use classroom time for more interactive exercises.
• Teachers need specific professional development opportunities in order to increase their ability to use ICT for formative learning assessments, individualized instruction, accessing online resources, and fostering student interaction and collaboration.
• In many ways, ICT has become a part of children's everyday lives, even in preschools. The computer has now become a common tool for the education of preschool children because when used appropriately, it can reinforce their learning experiences.

It can be concluded that clear instructions are important in ICT-supported teaching-learning strategies.

Information and communications technology (ICT) is an extensional term for information technology (IT) that stresses the role of unified communications. ICT is also used to refer to the convergence of audiovisual and telephone networks with computer networks through a single cabling or link system.

• ICT is an umbrella term that includes any communication device, encompassing radio, television, cell phones, computer and network hardware, satellite systems, and so on, as well as the various services and appliances with them such as video conferencing and distance learning.

Key Points

• ICT can be used as an assessment tool to evaluate students. The term ‘assessment’ in education means the procedure that is used to collect information about the knowledge, attitude, and skills of a learner. There are various ways to carry out assessment: oral, aural, written, and performance-based.
• Online assessment is an ICT-enable evaluation method. Online assessment is the process of conducting a test online to gauge the participants’ learning and mastery over a particular subject.
• An online assessment may be administered with a specific intent, such as ascertaining a candidate’s skills, knowledge, or learning abilities.
• In simple terms, an online assessment is a structured, meticulous evaluation of an individual’s skills, characteristics, knowledge, or expertise. The test is hosted online via modern web-based technologies.
• Online assessments comprise a series of questions that assess multiple aspects of a test-taker and are created based on the job role, level, and competency requirements.

Hence, it could be concluded that Online assessment is an ICT-enable evaluation method.

Additional Information

• Personal interviews: Personal interview is basically a meeting organized by a recruiter in which he evaluates a potential employee for prospective employment. However, this meeting should be considered as a two-way process between the candidate and the interviewer. So, it is not an ICT-enabled evaluation method, rather, it is a meeting to check one's capability.
• Pen and paper tests: It is a written exam (with a pen & paper), as opposed to an exam taken electronically (via computer). So, it is not an ICT-enabled evaluation method.
• A student portfolio is a compilation of academic work and other forms of educational evidence assembled for the purpose of (1) evaluating coursework quality, learning progress, and academic achievement; (2) determining whether students have met learning standards or other academic requirements for courses, grade-level promotion, and graduation; (3) helping students reflect on their academic goals and progress as learners; and (4) creating a lasting archive of academic work products, accomplishments, and other documentation. So, it is not an ICT-enabled evaluation method.

Questioning skills are the ability to ask questions for accessing the students during the learning process. 

Key Points

•  Questioning skills are essential to good teaching.
• Teachers often use questions to ensure that students are attentive and engaged and to assess students’ understanding. But it is equally important for the students to generate questioning skills amongst themselves.
• These skills help in enhancing the higher-order thinking skills among the students and encourage critical thinking.

Important Points

• ​ Appreciate questions that are appropriate to the development level- This is good as it encourages the students to ask more and more questions, as the teachers appreciate the questions. The students will get to ask more questions that relate to their development level of the students.
• Do not stop the discussion with the right answer- A teachers should always encourage discussion among the students as it leads to collaborative learning. The more the children communicate with each other, the better are the skills encouraged among them.
• Never respond in an encouraging way- This is a negative thing to do with respect to questioning skills. If the teacher does not encourage all the questions that are asked by the students- they will never be able to ask the correct question. The students will feel that since the teacher might not like the questions asked or may get angry if the question is irrelevant.
• Develop sensitive listening techniques- The direct impact that questioning skills have on the students is the development of listening techniques. It is said that more the students listen, the more will they be able to learn.

Hence, " Never respond in an encouraging way" does not enhance questioning skills among the students.

Child development refers to a sequence of biological, cognitive, and socioemotional changes that occur in human beings from birth till the attainment of adulthood.

Key Points

• Development is a continuous process that takes place gradually in a sequential manner.
• Rate of Development Varies from Person to Person.
• Development Proceeds from General to Specific.
• Development involves acquiring a culture through social interaction and biological growth.

Hence, the only statement  I is correct. So, option 2 is the correct solution.

Important Points

As human development is based on certain principles these are:

Continuity: 

• Development is a continuous process from conception to death. In the early years of life, the development consists of changes that lead the child to maturity not only in body size and functioning but also in behavior. Even after maturity has been attained, development does not end. Changes continue which lead to the period of life known as senescence or old age. These changes continue until death ends the life cycle. 

Sequentiality: 

• The directional sequence of development during both prenatal and postnatal stages may either be (i) from head to foot, or (ii) from the central axis to the extremities of the My. All children follow a development pattern with one stage leading to the next. Infants stand before they walk; draw circles before they make squares. Even though development is continuous, there is evidence that at different ages certain characteristics stand out more conspicuously than others.

Generality to Specificity: 

• Development proceeds from general to specific. In all areas of development, general activity always precedes specific activity. For example, the fetus moves its whole body but is incapable of making specific responses. In early postnatal life, infants wave their arms randomly. They can make such specific responses as reaching out for an object near them. In language, from genetic sounds emerge words and then specific sentences with meaning.

Differentiality: 

• The tempo of development is not even. Individuals differ in the rate of growth and development. Boys and girls have different development rates. Each part of the body has its own particular rate of growth. Development does not occur at an even pace. There are periods of great intensity and equilibrium and there are periods of imbalance. The development achieves a plateau and this may occur at any level or between levels. Developmental changes do not always go forward in a straight line. While the development of different physical and mental traits is continuous, it is never uniform.

Growth and development are the base of human life. Growth is a part of the developmental process, as development in its quantitative aspect is termed as growth.

• Development can take place without growth. All growth is development but not vice-versa. 
• Growth refers to a quantitative change that results in an increase in height, weight, and length of the child.
• Development refers to a qualitative change that results in an increase in structure for better and enhanced functioning of organs.
• Development & growth is a product of the interaction of hereditary and environment.  They play a vital role in determining an individual's development and growth.

Important Points

Although growth and development go hand in hand, certain important differences make them apart.

Hence, from the above points, it becomes clear that the development is a continuous process, but growth does not continue throughout life, it stops when maturity has been attained.

The rows of the periodic table are called periods, while the columns of the table are called groups.

In electrolytic cell,
Cation moves to cathode and anion moves to anode.

Electrons move anode to cathode.

β-H, anti to Br at more substituted β-carbon is lost to give more stable alkene.

∆G = ∆H - T∆S
For opt (c), ∆G = 48000 - 400(135)
= 48000 - 54000
= -6000
∆G is -ve
Therefore reaction is spontaneous.

Photochemical reaction between H₂ and Cl₂ is 0 zero wrt to reactants.

SO₂ due to high polarity and surface area is adsorbed maximum.

All isomeric esters are metamers.

According to option A chiral compound at least have one chiral carbon but compounds other than carbon and also chiral like NCl Br I is chiral. According to option b a compound containing only one ka kalakaron is always is always correct that is statement is true it is the minimum requirement for a carbon atom to become chiral. Efficiency is not necessary to be true all the time compound will not be superimposable on its Mirror image. And for option d a plane of symmetry is sufficient but not a mandatory to give achiral compound.

Melting point increases with halogens from fluorine to iodine because van der Waals’ forces are stronger down the groups.

The correct answer is Option B.
 
Molal elevation constant is a characteristic constant for a given solvent. It is the elevation of boiling point produced when one mole of solute is dissolved in 1 kg of solvent. The proportionality constant, Kb, is called the molal boiling point elevation constant. It is a constant that is equal to the change in the boiling point for a 1-molal solution of a nonvolatile molecular solute.

CN^- → CNO^-
4+ x = -1      4+ x-2 = -1
∴ x = -5    ∴ x = -3   
Oxidation number increases. This is oxidation.

CN^- → CNO^- + 2e^-

Hydration energy ∞ polarising power
Na⁺ < Mg²⁺ < Mg³⁺ < Be³⁺ < Al³⁺

• Phenol is C₆​H5​(OH) while benzyl alcohol is C₆H₅​(CH₂​OH). 
• Here there is a difference of −HC2​ between their molecular formula.
• According to the definition of homologous series, the adjacent members of the series differ by −CH₂​ group.
• Thus Phenol and benzyl alcohol are homologous of each other.

In CH4 there are 4-C-H bonds. 
Let C-H bond energy be X. So 4X = 360. or X = 90. 
Now, in C2H6 there are 6 C-H bonds and 1C-C bond. 
Let C-C B. E be y. 
So 6X + Y = 620. or Y = 620-6×90 = 80.

In a chemical reaction, chemical equilibrium is the state in which the forward reaction rate and the reverse reaction rate are equal. The result of this equilibrium is that the concentrations of the reactants and the products do not change. However, just because concentrations aren’t changing does not mean that all chemical reaction has ceased. Just the opposite is true; chemical equilibrium is a dynamic state in which reactants are being converted into products at all times, but at the exact rate that products are being converted back into reactants. The result of such a situation is analogous to a bridge between two cities, where the rate of cars going over the bridge in each direction is exactly equal. The result is that the net number of cars on either side of the bridge does not change.

½ H₂(g) + ½ Cl₂(g) → HCl(g) ∆_fH° = -22.10 kcal mol^-1  -----(I)
HCl(g) + H₂O(l) → H⁺(aq) + Cl^-(aq)     ∆_solutionH° = -17.9 kcal mol^-1 -----(II)
Let us add (I) and (II), we get
½ H₂(g) + ½ Cl₂(g) → H⁺(aq) + Cl-(aq) ∆_rH° = -40.0 kcal mol^-1
∆_rH° = ∑∆H_product  -  ∑∆H_reactant = ∆_fH_Cl- (since enthalpy of formation of H, H₂ and Cl₂ are 0)
∆_fH_Cl- = -40.0

Epoxide undergo nucleophilic attack of NH₃ at less substituted α-carbon giving anti hydroxy amine.