KVS PGT Chemistry Mock Test - 7 - KVS PGT/TGT/PRT MCQ

The correct answer is Mercury.

• Mercury planet is the closest planet to the Sun.

​Key Points

• Mercury:
  • The smallest planet in our solar system
  • It is nearest to the Sun.
  • It's only slightly larger than Earth's Moon.

The correct answer is President.

• President appoints the judges of the Supreme Court.

Key Points

• The Supreme Court:
  • Article 124 states the establishment and constitution of the Supreme Court.
  • The Judges of the Supreme Court, after consulting the Chief Justice of India, are appointed by the President of India.
  • Qualifications:
    • He should be a citizen of India.
    • He should have been a Judge of a High Court for five years.
    • He should have been an advocate of a High Court for ten years
    • He should be a distinguished jurist in the opinion of the President.

The correct answer is 2009.

Key Points

• The 86th amendment to the constitution of India in 2002, provided the Right to Education as a fundamental right in part-III of the Constitution.
• The first official document on the Right to Education was Ramamurti Committee Report in 1990.
• Tapas Majumdar Committee (1999) was set up, which encompassed the insertion of Article 21A.
• The Right to Education serves as a building block to ensure that every child has his or her right to get a quality elementary education.

Important Points

• Features of Right to Education (RTE) Act, 2009 -
  • The RTE Act aims to provide primary education to all children aged 6 to 14 years.
  • It enforces Education as a Fundamental Right (Article 21).
  • The act mandates 25% reservation for disadvantaged sections of the society.
  • It had a clause for “No Detention Policy” which has been removed under The Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education (Amendment) Act, 2019.
  • It also states that sharing of financial and other responsibilities between the Central and State Governments.

Additional Information

• Some important 'Parts' of the Indian Constitution:
  • Part 2 - Citizenship
  • Part 3 - Fundamental Rights
  • Part 4 - Directive Principles of State Policy
  • Part 4A - Fundamental Duties
  • Part 14 - UPSC and SPSC.
  • Part 15 - Election Commission
  • Part 17 - Official language
  • Part 20 - Amendment of Constitution

• The earliest kind of print technology was developed in China, Japan and Korea. This was a system of hand printing.
• From AD 594 onwards, books in China were printed by rubbing paper – also invented there – against the inked surface of woodblocks.
• As both sides of the thin, porous sheet could not be printed, the traditional Chinese ‘accordion book’ was folded and stitched at the side.
• Superbly skilled craftsmen could duplicate, with remarkable accuracy, the beauty of calligraphy.
• The imperial state in China was, for a very long time, the major producer of printed material. China possessed a huge bureaucratic system which recruited its personnel through civil service examinations.
• Textbooks for this examination were printed in vast numbers under the sponsorship of the imperial state. From the sixteenth century, the number of examination candidates went up and that increased the volume of print.

The correct answer is Nagaland.

• Kohima is the capital of Nagaland.

Key Points

• In 1963, the State of Nagaland was formed by taking the Naga Hills and Tuensang area out of the state of Assam.
• Nagaland shares its International border with Myanmar.
• Nagaland shares its borders with Arunachal Pradesh, Manipur, and Assam.
• Neiphiu Rio is the current Chief Minister of the state.

Additional Information

• Gangtok is the capital of Sikkim.
• Shillong is the capital of Meghalaya.
• Agartala is the capital of Tripura.

Objectives of Early Childhood Education: The aim of Early Childhood Care and Education (ECCE) is to facilitate the optimum development of the child’s full potential and lay the foundation for all-round development and lifelong learning.

Key Points

This aim is to be achieved through enabling the child to:

• Develop a positive self-concept.
• Establish a sound foundation for a good physique, adequate muscular coordination and basic motor skills.
• Imbibe good health habits and basic life skills/ self-help skills necessary for personal social adjustment.
• Enhance verbal and non-verbal communication skills which would facilitate the expression of thoughts and feelings in fluent, correct, clear speech.
• Develop the five senses and cognitive skills and concepts which are the foundation for higher-order thinking and reasoning.
• Develop emotional maturity by guiding the child to express, understand, accept and control feelings and emotions.
• Imbibe values, social attitudes and manners important in his/her socio-cultural context and to become sensitive to the rights and privileges of others.
• Develop independence, aesthetic appreciation and creativity by providing a child with sufficient opportunities for self-expression and active exploration, investigation and experimentation.
• Make a smooth transition from preschool to primary through the development of emergent literacy and school readiness. 

Hence, we conclude that the developmental objectives in the curriculum framework for early childhood development is towards all the above points.

Diversity in literary terms means differences. The term diversity, when used in discourse related to people or communities or in social contexts is more specific, indicates that a group of people is made up of individuals who are different from each other in some way or the other or it means collective differences among people, that is, those differences which mark off one group of people from another.

• For example, differences in culture, language, gender, appearance (e.g. skin color, hair type) lifestyle, social and economic status, family structure, abilities, (e.g. physical, social, creative, and intellectual), values, and beliefs.

Key Points 

• Social inclusion refers to a process by which efforts are made to ensure equal opportunities for all, regardless of their background, be it money, class, ethnicity, gender, race, or whatever the index of diversity be, to enable full and active participation in all aspects of life, including civic, social, economic, and political activities, as well as participation in decision-making processes.
• Social inclusion can be approached as a goal, an objective, and a process. Its process affects almost all societal activities, and should therefore be approached from various dimensions.
• If a society is inclusive it means that it understands, accepts, and respects diversity, it not only recognizes diversity but also embodies it so that each member of the diverse society can achieve their full potential in life.

Thus, it is concluded that Social inclusion is a process by which efforts are made to ensure equal opportunities for all, regardless of their background.

Hint

• ​Social exclusion or social marginalization is a term used across disciplines including education, sociology, psychology, politics, and economics. Because of social exclusion, the affected individuals or communities are prevented from participating fully in the economic, social, and political life of the society in which they live.

B. F. Skinner, an American psychologist, propounded the "Theory of Operant Conditioning" which is also known as "Theory of Reinforcement" and "Instrumental Conditioning  Theory".

• This theory refers to the learning process where learning takes place through rewarding a certain behaviour or withholding reward for undesirable behaviour.
• Skinner emphasizes that a person or animal tends to ‘repeat’ behaviour which has been ‘rewarded’ (positively reinforced), or tends to ‘stop’ which has been ‘punished’ (negatively reinforced).

Key Points

Reinforcement:

• Much of human learning could be explained with the help of the operant conditioning method. The role of reinforcement is very crucial in operant conditioning. It can be positive or negative. 
• For example, parents and other authorities attempt to discourage aggressive behaviours by punishing them and reward for good behaviours.

Let us understand these two types of reinforcement.

• Positive Reinforcement: 
  • ​A behaviour that is associated with a positive consequence or desirable outcome in the past will increase the chances of the behaviour to occur again. This is called positive reinforcement.
  • For example, Irfan, a new manager in a company, began praising workers for submitting their reports on time. In a couple of weeks, this reinforcement by praise greatly increased on-time reports.
• Negative reinforcement: 
  • Learning can also take place if an undesirable consequence is avoided because of an action taken. This is called negative reinforcement. It can be used for children with Special Needs.
  • For example, if a student does not prepare for exams and gets fail marks (painful) and understands that by preparing for the next exam he can avoid getting fail marks, then we can say he is negatively reinforced to study.

Hence, it could be concluded that ​​“Concept of reinforcement” is an important element of Operant conditioning theory of learning.

Both CH₃S^- and I^- are weak bases but strong nucleophiles.

Synthetic polymer that resembles natural rubber is Neoprene. It is made from monomer chloroprene (2-chlorobuta-1,3-diene) as shown in the above reaction.

When 2 moles of potassium iodide are reacted with 1 mole of hydrogen peroxide, 2 moles of potassium hydroxide and one mole of iodine is liberated. That means hydrogen peroxide liberates iodine from acidified potassium iodide.

1. ELASTOMERS - The polymer chains are held together by the weakest intermoleculer faces. These weak binding forces permit the polymer to be stretched. 
   
2. FIBERS - Fibers have strong intermoleculer forces like hydrogen bonding. These strong forces also lead to close packing of chains and thus impact crystalline nature. 
3. THERMOPLASTICS - They posses intermoleculer forces of attraction intermediate between elastomers and fibers. 
4. THEMOSETTING - They are cross linked & heavily launched. 

According to the given information, the solution turns pink when cooled in freezing mixture. So, the equilibrium has shifted in backward direction. So we can say that the reaction is endothermic and ∆H for the reaction is greater than zero. This is because, endothermic reactions have ∆H > 0 and they proceed in reverse direction. 

The correct answer is Option C.

The molar masses of glucose and water are 180 g/mol and 18 g/mol respectively.
 
Number of moles of glucose = 18/80 = 0.1
Number of moles of water = 178.2/18
 =  9.9
Mole fraction of glucose = 0.1/(0.1+9.9)
= 0.01
Relative lowering in vapour pressure is equal to the mole fraction of glucose.
(760−P)/760 = 0.01
760 - P = 7.6
P = 760 −7.6 = 752.4 torr

The complex [Co(C₂O₄)₂Cl₂]^3- show both geometrical and optical isomers.

The formula that these isomers contain no rings or double bonds. The isomers must be alcohols and ethers.
For The alcohols
1. CH₃CH₂CH₂CH₂OH, butan 1-ol
2. CH3CH₂CH(OH)CH₃, butan-2-ol
3. (CH₃)₂CHCH₂OH, 2-methylpropan-1-ol 
4. (CH₃)₃COH, 2-methylpropan-2-ol.
Now for the ethers.
5. CH₃CH2CH₂OCH₃, 1-methoxypropane
6. CH₃CH2OCH₂CH₃ , ethoxyethane
7. (CH₃)₂CHOCH₃ , 2-methoxypropane.

Buna N is used in making oil seals , tank linings.

As q = 0, we have adiabatic process.
V₁ = 100L and V₂ = 800L
T₁ = 300K and T₂ = not given
For NH₃, γ = 4/3
Applying TV^γ = constant
(300)(100)^4/3-1 = (T)(800)^4/3-1
T = 300/2 = 150K
W= nR(T₂-T₁)/γ-1
= 1×8.314×150/(4/3-1)
= 3714 J
= 900 cal

Sodium oxide is more basic than Magnesium oxide. A binary compound of an element with oxygen, in which Oxygen atom is electronegative is called an oxide. The oxides which react with water and produce alkali and can neutralise acids forming salt and water are called basic oxides. Na₂O, MgO are basic oxides.

Green flame is given by Ba²⁺

BaS₂O₃+K₂CrO₄ → BaCrO₄+K₂S₂O₃   yellow ppt

The modern periodic table orders elements by increasing atomic number, which is the number of protons in the atom of the element. Mendeleev did not know about the parts of the atom, so he used the next best thing -- atomic weight.

Heat of vapourisation is the responsible factor.

The Correct answer is option B
Hoffman bromamide degradation reaction is shown by ArCONH₂​.
Where the aryl amide is converted to aryl amine in the presence of Br₂​ and NaOH

• Mendeleev predicted the existence of 'eka-silicon', which would fit into a gap next to silicon.
• The element germanium was discovered later.
• Its properties were found to be similar to the predicted ones and confirmed Mendeleev's periodic table.

The correct answer is Option B
Xe forms maximum no. of compounds among noble gases. It forms bonds with oxygen and fluorine.

The correct answer is option D
The coagulation of a colloidal solution by an electrolyte does not take place until the added electrolyte has certain minimum concentration in the solution. The minimum concentration of an electrolyte in millimoles per litre required to cause precipitation of a sol in two hours is called coagulating value. The smaller the quantity needed, the higher will be the coagulating power of an ion.

2- Ethyl -3-methylbut-2-ene-1, 4-dioic anhydride