Super TET Mock Test - 9 - Super TET MCQ

'वह ग्रंथ हिंदी लिपि में है।' वाक्य ग़लत है।

• अशुद्ध वाक्य - वह ग्रंथ हिंदी लिपि में है।
• शुद्ध वाक्य - वह ग्रंथ देवनागरी लिपि में है।
• हिंदी कोई लिपि नहीं है वह एक भाषा है।
• हिंदी भाषा की लिपि देवनागरी है।

Key Pointsअन्य विकल्पों में कोई त्रुटि नहीं है -

• अध्यक्ष महोदय मुस्कुराने लगे।
• ईश्वर आपका भला करें।
• ओह! तुम कल जाओगे।

Additional Informationदेवनागरी लिपि की विशेषताएँ -

• देवनागरी लिपि के उच्चारण और प्रयोग में समानता होती है।
• देवनागरी लिपि पूर्णतया वैज्ञानिक है।
• देवनागरी में निश्चित मात्राएँ हैं।
• इसमें प्रत्येक ध्वनि के लिए अलग लिपि चिह्न है।
• इसमें वर्ण का कोई भ्रम नहीं है।
• प्रत्येक वर्ग में अघोष फिर सघोष वर्ण हैं।
• यह लिपि लिखाई और छपाई दोनों में समान है।

The sentence seems to say that the person in concern was expecting a surprise on his birthday and not accepting it. Expect means to want or wish for something whereas accepting means to receive or recognize some issue.
Thus option 2 is correct.

The sentence indicates Sarah's massive success as a businessman; the company which was once small has now turned into an enormous one. Out of the given options, 'gargantuan' means enormous. The other words, 'gorgeous', 'tiny', and 'mendacious' respectively mean attractive, minuscule, deceitful and friendly. Hence, the correct answer is 3.

स्पष्टीकरण-

• वाक्य - बहु जल्पति भोः।
• अर्थ - बहुत बक बक करता है।

• उपर्युक्त क्रिया पद जल्पति 'अधिक बोलने' के अर्थ में प्रयोग होता है।

​अतः उपर्युक्त वाक्य का सही अर्थ बहुत बक बक करता है।

उदाहरण -

1. कक्षायां छात्राः बहु जल्पन्ति। (कक्षा में छात्र बहुत बात करते हैं।)
2. महिलाः परस्पर बहु जल्पन्ति। (महिलाएं आपस में बहुत बात करती हैं।)

स्पष्टीकरण-

• संस्कृत भाषा में तीन वाच्य होते हैं- कर्तृवाच्य, कर्मवाच्य, भाववाच्य।
• उपर्युक्त वाक्य कर्मवाच्य है। जब हम कर्मवाच्य के वाक्य को कर्तृवाच्य में बदलते हैं, तो कर्मवाच्य में कर्ता के स्थान पर आई हुई तृतीया विभक्ति को कर्तृवाच्य में प्रथमा विभक्ति हो जाती है।
• कर्मवाच्य में कर्म के स्थान पर प्रयुक्त प्रथमा विभक्ति कर्तृवाच्य में द्वितीया विभक्ति हो जाती है।
• क्रिया के पुरुष और वचन कर्ता के अनुसार हो जाते हैं। उपर्युक्त वाक्य में कर्ता तृतीया विभक्ति एकवचन का है।
• जब हम वाक्य को कर्तृवाच्य में परिवर्तित करेंगे तो कर्ता की प्रथमा विभक्ति हो जाएगी और पुरुष और वचन भी कर्ता के अनुसार हो जायेंगे।
• मया का प्रथमा विभक्ति एकवचन में अहं होता है। अहं के लिए उत्तम पुरुष एकवचन का रूप प्रयोग होगा। कर्तरि वाच्य वाक्य में कर्म में द्वितीया विभक्ति होती है। दृश्यते के स्थान पर पश्यामि हो जायेगा, जो कर्ता के अनुसार है।

अत: स्पष्ट है कि उपर्युक्त वाक्य का वाच्य परिवर्तन करने पर अहं रामं पश्यामि वाक्य सही होगा।

Additional Informationसंस्कृत में तीन वाच्य होते हैं। 1. कर्तरिवाच्य, 2. कर्मवाच्य, 3. भाववाच्य

स्पष्टीकरणम् -

• त्वं कथं रोदिषि? - तुम कैसे रोते हो ? (यह कर्तरि वाच्य वाक्य है।) - जहाँ क्रिया कर्ता के अनुसार होती है।
• इस वाक्य को वाच्य में परिवर्तन करने पर त्वया कथं रुद्यते वाक्य बनेगा। जहाँ भाववाच्य के नियमानुसार कर्ता में तृतीया विभक्ति और क्रिया में सदैव प्रथमपुरुष-एकवचन है। क्रिया आत्मने पद में होती है।

अतः यहाँ त्वया कथं रुद्यते सही विकल्प है।

Additional Information

संस्कृत व्याकरण में तीन वाच्य होते हैं। 1. कर्तरिवाच्य, 2. कर्मवाच्य, 3. भाववाच्य

​Alkali metals have one electron in their outer shell so alkali metal can easily lose electrons. 

​Cactus, calotropis, aloe, etc. are desert plants which have the capability to complete their life-cycle even in a dry atmosphere. The root system of these plants become taller in search of water from the soil and their stems are small, adapted and underground sometimes. 

​The strongest muscle based on its weight is the masseter. With all muscles of the jaw working together, it can close the teeth with a force as great as 55 pounds (25 kilograms) on the incisors or 200 pounds (90.7 kilograms) on the molars. 

First Number x Second Number = HCF x LCM
Then, 75 x Second Number = 15 x 225
Second Number latex ={ 15 x 225}/75 = 45$
Therefore, other number is 45. 

From the given information given in the figure:
The number of cubical blocks = ?
Now, the one-centimetre cubical boxes placed horizontally = 5
Number of boxes vertically = 3
Number of cubical box slides = 3
Total number of cubical boxes =5×3×3=45

Let AB be the tower and CD be the observer

tan30° = AE/CE

⇒ 1/√3= (AB – CD) / x = (50 – 1.5) / x = 48.5/x

x = 84 m

A square pyramid has a base of square and four triangles, which meet at one point. When we cut it horizontally, we get a rhombus.

• One of the most important names among women social reformers of India and more so, in Maharashtra, is that of Pandita Rama Bai.
• After her parents died, she along with her brother continued to travel from place to place, giving discourses on the Puranas.
• Consequently, her reputation as a scholar and religious speaker spread far and wide that the pundits of Kolkata also invited her to address the people of the city.
• Everyone was astounded by her knowledge and elocution.
• So people began calling her pandita, a title bestowed on the learned women. 
• In 1882, Rama Bai moved back to Pune.
• Naturally, she was drawn to the Prarthana Samaj, a reformation society which was propagating the message of the Brahmo Samaj in Maharashtra.
• Here, she also concentrated on improving the condition of women.
• In 1889, she started Sharda Sadan, a home for widows.

Hence, we can conclude that both the given statements about Pandita Rama Bai are true.

The Maratha kingdom

• It was a powerful regional kingdom to arise out of sustained opposition to the Mughal rule. Hence, statement 1 is correct.
• Shivaji carved out a stable kingdom with the support of powerful warrior families (Deshmukh). Hence, statement 2 is not correct.
• Groups of highly mobile, peasant pastoralists (kunbis) provided the backbone of the Maratha army.
• Shivaji used these forces to challenge the Mughals in the peninsula. Hence, statement 3 is not correct.
• After Shivaji’s death, adequate power in the Maratha state was wielded by a family of Chitpavan Brahmanas who served Shivaji’s successors as Peshwa (or principal minister).
• Poona became the capital of the Maratha kingdom.
• Under the Peshwas, the Marathas developed a very successful military organisation.
• Their success lay in bypassing the fortified areas of the Mughals, by raiding cities and engaging Mughal armies in areas where their supply lines and reinforcements could be easily disturbed.

Being a senior school teacher, it is expected from her to have an ample amount of experience to run the school administration in such a way that the school can work towards the upliftment of the quality of education. There is definitely a lot of effort that will have to be put into the improvement, but everything will have to be done in sequential and systematic order.

 Key Points

• The basic process one needs to follow to do any kind of improvement is to first analyze the problems that are currently faced by the institution or the existing set-up that is hampering the growth.
• Second thing is to find out the root cause of those problems and then work on the elimination of the root cause. If she goes by these steps, she needs to first observe the classroom instructions to understand where the problem lies.

Hint

• ​Teaching the classes herself is not the solution, if she has to execute the duties and has to run the administration also, it is going to become a very tedious job for her.
• Thinking about replacements cannot be the initiation of the development, there may occur some unfortunate incidents where the administration may have to look for some replacements, but it cannot be the first step.
• Re-teaching the content to its best delivery is not the solution, already they have lost whats in the past and it is going to hamper what they are learning today, the best way to cover up the previous syllabus would be to parallelly revise the topics, so the students may not lose the momentum of their studies.

Thus, it is concluded that in the above-mentioned situation, arranging to observe instruction in each classroom can be the best step to begin this process with.

Kohlberg gave the moral development theory.  According to which he explained that the importance of moral development should not be neglected at the school level as morality is essential.

• Moral development refers to changes in moral beliefs as a person grows older and gains maturity.
• He divided the moral development of children into three stages: pre-conventional level, level of conventional morality, and post-conventional morality.

Key Points

Kohlberg's stages of moral development:

​Hence, it is clear that morality on the basis of existing social norms is during the conventional Morality.

Motivation is the drive to achieve something in life that satisfies one’s needs. There are two primary types of motivation namely, intrinsic motivation and extrinsic motivation. 

Key Points

Intrinsic motivation is the motivation that is animated by personal enjoyment, interest, or pleasure. 

• In an elementary classroom, an effective teacher should aim at the students to be motivated to learn so that they become curious and love learning for its own sake as intrinsic motivation refers to the behavior which focuses on:
  • personal satisfaction and internal rewards.
  • purposes to learn and improve to serve a cause.
  • motivating individuals intrinsically to achieve goals.
  • working for their own sake and inherent accomplishment.

Hint

• The remaining options are related to extrinsic motivation which refers to a behavior that is guided by earning rewards or avoiding punishment.

Hence, it could be concluded that the in an elementary classroom, an effective teacher should aim at the students to be motivated to learn so that they become curious and love learning for its own sake.

Jean Piaget proposed that children's thinking is qualitatively different from that of adults.

Swiss psychologist Jean Piaget (that's Jean as in French for 'John') carried out some remarkable studies on children that had a powerful influence on our theories of child thought. He argued that children's thinking is qualitatively different from the thinking of adults. Piaget realized that older children were able to answer more questions on the same test. Also, there were qualitative differences between the answers and the logic that the older children applied, but they are not qualitatively different.

In a class having learners with diverse needs, a teacher should not provide options for stereotyping the learners.

In a classroom of learners with diverse needs, the teacher should not provide substitutes for stereotypes about the learners because the stereotypes brought in by any teacher in the classroom hold back the progress of the class and the child may instead consider the reason for the failure. Boys and girls focus on discrimination and try to humiliate each other, which hinders their mental development.

Former Attorney General Feleti Teo has been chosen as Tuvalu’s new prime minister by parliamentary members after a recent election spotlighted the nation’s ties with Taiwan. Teo, the sole nominee, was unanimously elected by 15 lawmakers without a vote. Following the January 26 election where the pro-Taiwan predecessor, Kausea Natano, lost his seat, Teo’s swearing-in ceremony and cabinet appointment are scheduled for later this week.

Anurag Kumar (IPS), a 1994-batch Indian Police Service officer, has been appointed as the Joint Director of the Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) by the Appointments Committee of the Cabinet (ACC). This appointment is significant in the context of government appointments.

The correct answer is 25 Years.

• The minimum age to contest an election for the Lower House (Lok Sabha) in India is 25 years.

Key Points

• To become a member of Lok Sabha, a candidate should have the following eligibility criteria:
  • The candidate should be a citizen of India.
  • The candidate should have at least 25 years of age.
  • The candidate should not hold an office of profit under the Indian government or the government of any other state.
  • The candidate should not be an unstable mind.

Important Points

• To become a member of Parliament, one should not be less than 30 years of age in the case of Rajya Sabha.

The correct answer is ,

Key Points

• Both mitochondria and chloroplasts possess their own genetic material thus, they are called semi-autonomous organelles.
• The mitochondrial DNA and plastid DNA possess genes that produce the proteins necessary for the functioning of mitochondria and chloroplasts respectively.

Important Points

• Mitochondria (sing.: mitochondrion), unless specifically stained, are not easily visible under the microscope.
• The number of mitochondria per cell is variable depending on the physiological activity of the cells.
• In terms of shape and size also, a considerable degree of variability is observed.
• Typically it is sausage-shaped or cylindrical having a diameter of 0.2-1.0µm (average 0.5µm) and length 1.0-4.1µm.
• Each mitochondrion is a double membrane-bound structure with the outer membrane and the inner membrane dividing its lumen distinctly into two aqueous compartments, i.e. the outer compartment and the inner compartment.

Teachingmethodis away to put theory in practice with the help of principles, pedagogy, and management strategies. Teachingmethods help the teachers toplan and presentthe lesson in a coherent way.

• Different teaching methods are used by teachers as per the requirements of students. For choosing the one, the teacher may classify students based on their abilities or he can choose it based on the compatibility of the topic.
• The devices which are used to make teaching methods more effective are known as 'Techniques of teaching'. It is a detailed list of rules and guidelines for any teaching activity. It can often be linked to a method or approach.

Key Points

'Techniques of teaching' includes:

• Brainstorming:
  • A technique that involves generating a list of ideas in a creative, unstructured manner.
  • The goal of brainstorming is to generate as many ideas as possible in a short period of time. The key tool in brainstorming is“piggybacking”, or using one idea to stimulate other ideas.
• Mind Mapping:
  • Mind or subject mapping involves putting brainstormed ideas in the form of a visual map or picture that that shows the relationships among these ideas.
  • One starts with a central idea or topic, then draws branches of the main topic which represent different parts or aspects of the main topic.
• Debate, discussions, practical:
  • Using debates in the classroom can help students understand essential critical-thinking and presentation skills.
  • Student debate has the capability to deeply engage the students in relevant learning and to inspire students to be deep thinkers.

​Hence, it could be concluded that the devices which are used to make teaching methods more effective are known as 'Techniques of teaching'.

Additional Information

• Principles of teaching:
  • Itrefers to the teachingprinciples which ensure the achievement of desired goals in the teaching-learning process.Different teaching principles are used by teachers as per the requirements of students.
  • For example,known to unknown,induction to deduction,whole to part,concrete to abstract, etc.
• Objective of teaching:
  • Teaching is a process related to the effective transmission of knowledge and skills in an individual.​It limits or enhances the ways the learners learn and assimilate concepts and ideas.
  • Teaching objective includes developing the thinking power of students, addressing the diverse needs of all students, etc.

Personality: Personality also refers to the pattern of thoughts, feelings, social adjustments, and behaviours consistently exhibited over time that strongly influences one's expectations, self-perceptions, values, and attitudes.

• Personality is psychophysical that includes mental and physical aspects and both explain total personality.
• Personality theories are attempts to understanding both the characteristics and the way of development of personality.

Key Points

JUNG Classification of Personality

• His personality theory is known as an analytic theory or analytical psychology.
• Carl Jung suggested that all human beings share certain unconscious ideas because we are all human and were created from similar evolutionary circumstances and common ancestors.
• The unconscious that we all share is called the collective unconscious.
• Each individual has his own self-actualization. Jung expressed libido in a very comprehensive way, heequated libido as life energy.
• In light of libido,Jung proposed two types of personalities— extroverts and introverts.
• The persons in whom life energy (libido) flows inward are known asintrovertwhile, persons whom the life energy flows outward are termed as anextrovert.
• In other words, the extraversion orients a person toward the external world while the introversion drives a person toward the inner, subjective world.
• According to Jung introverts and extrovertsfunction underfour aspects-sensations, feelings, thinking, and intuition.

Additional Information

FREUD:

• The first modern theory of personality was developed by Sigmund Freud (1923) that is known as thepsychoanalytic or psychodynamic theory of personality.
• According to him, the mind could be divided into three abstract categories-the id, the ego, and the superego.

ADLER

• He formed his own group known as individual psychology.
• His theory divided into two sections, viz., Basic concepts and Counselling process.

From the above, we can conclude that personality was divided into extrovert and introvert by the renowned psychologistCarl jung.

Morals refer to human behavior where morality is a practical activity. Values are linked to beliefs and attitudes and guide human behavior. Morals and valuesare strongly attached to societyand culture.

Key Points

• Storytelling is the best teaching method to develop morals, values, and cultural norms among children at the primary level.
• To develop morals, values, and cultural norms among children at the primary levelStorytellingis the best teaching method, Because:
  • Stories are universal in that they can bridge cultural, linguistic, and age-related divides.
  • Storytelling can be used as a method to teach ethics,valuesand cultural norms, and differences.
  • Stories function as a tool to pass on knowledge in a social context.
  • Stories are effective educational tools because listeners become engaged and therefore remember.
  • Storytelling is used as a tool to teach children the importance of respect through the practice of listening.
  • As well as connecting children with their environment, through the theme of the stories, and giving them more autonomy by using repetitive statements, which improve their learning to learn competence.
  • It is also used to teach children to have respect for all life, value inter-connectedness, and always work to overcome adversity.
  • Children in indigenous communities can also learn from the underlying message of a story.

Therefore, it is clear that Storytellingis the best teaching method to develop morals, values, and cultural norms among children at the primary level.

Additional Information

• Demonstration involves showing by reason orproof, explaining or making clear by the use of examples orexperiments. It occurs when students have a hard time connecting theories to actual practice or when students are unable to understand the application of theories.So, itis not the best teaching method to develop morals, values, and cultural norms among children at the primary level.
• The heuristic methodisthe strategy derived from previous experiences with similar problems. These strategies depend on using readily accessible, though loosely applicable, information to control problem-solvingin human beings, machines, and abstract issues. So, It is not for the children of primary level.
• A project is an individual or collaborative enterprise that is carefully planned and researched by students. It is a researchassignment given to a student which generally requires a larger amount of effort and more independent work than that involved in a normal essay assignment. So, itis not the best teaching method to develop morals, values, and cultural norms among children at the primary level.

Individual differences:

No two individuals are the same. We all differ from one another not only in height, weight, color, appearance, speed of reaction but also in behavior. Individual differences are characteristic of all living organisms. Differences run crisscross in all directions.

Galtonhas given much importance to individual differences in children.

• Individual differences in personality temperament can be observed from the day the child is born.
• Besides the differences in physical characteristics, there are differences in ‘their emotional reactivity.
• Individual differences may be grouped on basis of the following domain-
  • Biological: An important determinant of our behavior is the biological structures that we have inherited from our ancestors in the form of a developed body and brain.
  • Psycho-Analytical:The Psychoanalytical perspective views development as shaped by unconscious forces that motivate human behavior.
  • Cognitive: The child experiences cognitive development in the context of a complex system of relationships including parent-child interaction, the extended family, school, and neighborhood, and the general society and culture changes at any of these levels have the potential to influence cognitive development.

​​Additional Information

Measurement ofIndividual differences:

• One of the methods used in educational psychology to measure individual differences are psychological tests. These psychological tests are-
  • Standardized
  • Reliable
  • Valid
• Individual differences whether qualitative or quantitative are also subjected to certain statistical treatments.

Hence, we can conclude that Galton has given much importance to individual difference in children.