Bihar STET Paper 1 Science Mock Test - 9 - Bihar PGT/TGT/PRT MCQ

To correct a myopic (nearsighted) person's vision, a concave lens is required. Here's a detailed explanation:
Definition:
- Myopia is a refractive error in which distant objects appear blurred, while close objects can be seen clearly.
- The far point is the point at which parallel rays of light entering the eye converge to form a focused image on the retina without any additional accommodation by the eye.
Explanation:
- In a myopic person, the far point of vision is closer than the normal distance of infinity.
- In this case, the far point is given as 80 cm in front of the eye.
- To correct the problem and bring the far point back to infinity, a lens is used.
Types of lenses:
- Convex lenses are thicker in the middle and thinner at the edges. They converge light rays and are used to correct hyperopia (farsightedness).
- Concave lenses are thinner in the middle and thicker at the edges. They diverge light rays and are used to correct myopia (nearsightedness).
Correct answer:
- In this case, to correct the myopic person's vision with a far point of 80 cm, a concave lens is required. Therefore, the correct answer is option A: Concave.

option ( b) is the correct✔ answer. 

 

Explanation:- first we have to calculate, the no. of molecules  and then we will compare them. To calculate the number of molecules, we multiply no. of moles with the Avagadro's number. 

• 0.5 *( 6.022 * 10^23) 

=  3.11 * 10^ 23

• 2* ( 6.022 * 10^23) 

=  12.044 * 10^ 23

• 3.35 * 10^19

• 0.05 * ( 6.022 * 10^23) 

= 0.3011 * 10^ 23

So, we can see, 4<1<3<2   is the correct✔ answer.

Arteries are thick-walled blood vessels which pump blood at high pressure away from the heart. They do not have valves as their walls are highly muscular.

Sodium is stored under kerosene because of its high chemical reactivity with almost all of other elements (for example oxygen from air which oxidizes it instantly). Kerosene and mineral oil are the only chemicals that make the sodium inert.

1. Tendrils are sensitive in nature.
2. They mainly respond to touch by growing and winding around the object.
3. The coiling mechanism occurs when the part of the tendril which touches the object stops growing.
4. Thus, the remaining part grows faster because of the plant hormone auxin which cause the coiling effect.
5. Auxin stimulates cell growth on the opposite side so that the coil forms rapidly.
6. The coiled portion of the tendrils is later concentrated with sclerenchyma cells to provide rigidity.
7. The twining tendency of the tendril causes it to encircle or coil around the object it comes in contact with.

A drone is a male bee. Unlike the female worker bee, drones do not have stingers and gather neither nectar nor pollen. A drone's primary role is to mate with an unfertilized queen.

Neurons receive and transmit information in the form of nerve impulses. These impulses travel along the length of the neuron and allow communication between different parts of the nervous system.

The cells lining the proximal convoluted tubule are well adapted for reabsorption of materials from the filtrate. The cells reabsorb entire glucose, amino acids, most of the inorganic ions (Na⁺, K⁺, Cl ), much of the water as well as some urea from the filtrate.

Euro I and Euro II are norms for vehicle emissions.
Explanation:
Euro I and Euro II are specific standards or norms that regulate the emissions from vehicles. These norms were introduced in Europe to control and reduce the pollution caused by vehicle exhaust. Here is a detailed explanation:
- Euro I:
- Euro I is the first set of emission standards for vehicles, which were introduced in 1992.
- These standards set limits on the levels of pollutants, such as carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbons (HC), and nitrogen oxides (NOx), emitted by vehicles.
- Euro I aimed to reduce pollution caused by vehicles and improve air quality.
- Euro II:
- Euro II is the second set of emission standards for vehicles, which were introduced in 1996.
- These standards further tightened the limits on CO, HC, and NOx emissions compared to Euro I.
- Euro II aimed to further reduce pollution and improve the environmental performance of vehicles.
- Benefits of Euro I and Euro II:
- These emission norms have helped in reducing air pollution and improving air quality in Europe.
- They have encouraged the development and adoption of cleaner and more efficient vehicle technologies.
- The implementation of Euro I and Euro II has also prompted advancements in emission control systems and catalytic converters in vehicles.
In conclusion, Euro I and Euro II are norms specifically designed to regulate and control the emissions from vehicles. They have played a significant role in reducing pollution and improving the environmental performance of vehicles in Europe.

The urethra in the male reproductive system serves as a common passage for both sperm and urine. It is a tube that carries urine from the bladder and also serves as a passage for the transport of sperm during ejaculation.

Bifocal lenses are the lenses which are used for the people who suffer from both defects of vision that are hypermetropia and myopia, for those people who suffer from presbyopia or astigmatism. These lenses have two distinct powers and hence they serve two functions :- one is for distant vision and the other is for near vision. The lenses are divided into two parts. The upper part consists of concave lens which serves for distant vision at the lower part consists of convex lens which serves for near vision.

Hormone, secretin: Hormone made by glands in the small intestine that stimulates pancreatic secretion. The word "hormone" was coined by the English physiologists Wm. M. Bayliss and Ernest H. Starling in connection with their discovery of secretin, the first hormone, in 1902.

Air-breathing land animals lose water through evaporation from their respiratory surfaces due to the evaporative power of air. The respiratory surfaces of these animals are moist to facilitate gas exchange, but this moisture can lead to water loss through evaporation. This phenomenon is a necessary trade-off for efficient respiration in terrestrial environments.

Auxin promotes cell elongation in response to light.

Calcium (Ca) is the metal present in Calcium Hydroxide (Ca(OH)₂).

The atrial natriuretic hormone (ANP) is a cardiac hormone in which genes and receptors are widely present in the body. Its main function is to lower blood pressure and to control electrolyte homeostasis. So the correct option is 'decrease blood pressure'.

Non - metals do not have luster. They do not reflect light from their surface ( except iodine and diamond) . So, here a lustrous now Metal is iodine.

Nephrons are the basic filtering units of a kidney each kidney poses a large number of nephrons approximately 1-1.5 million.

The main functions of a nephron are:
(i) Filtration
(ii) Ultrafiltration
(iii) Absorption
(iv) Reabsorption

Fats are stored in the human body as adipose tissue. Adipose tissue serves as a storage site for fat.

In myopia, u = infinity , v = d = distance of far point
By 1/F = 1/v - 1/u
We get  f = -d
Since the f is negative, the lens used is concave.

The National Policy on Education 1986 has also emphasized that “each individual’s growth presents a different range of problems and requirements, at every stage from the womb to tomb” implying that the child’s individuality and dignity should be respected and his/her needs, interests, aptitude and abilities are taken into consideration by the educational system. The policy has advocated a “child-centered and activity-based process of teaching-learning” especially at the primary stage.

Key Points

Activity-based process of teaching-learning:

• For teaching to be child-centered and activity-based, it must involve children, their interests, ideas, and motivation in the learning process. A child must discover for herself. Therefore, the emphasis is on the inquiry/discovery approach which lays stress on the processes of scientific inquiry, problem-solving skills, and creative thinking abilities based on locally available natural and human resources. 
• Some of the examples of the activity-based method are-
  • Laboratory method
  • Play-way method
  • Project method
  • Field-trip
  • Role-play

Important Points

The Basic Education or The Craft-based Education scheme is the dynamic side of Gandhi's educational philosophy.

• It emphasized making productive crafts as the medium of education to develop children's minds, bodies, and souls to make them able to meet their needs in the future.
• The chief aim of basic education is to make the student self-dependent.

Thus from the above-mentioned points, it is clear that the question-answer method is not activity-based.

Hint

Questionnaire method:

• it is a technique of data collection where the source of data is the subject himself/herself.
• it comprises a series of questions prepared by the researcher that is answered and filled in by all the respondents.
• in the questionnaire method, the researcher uses different forms of questions, such as closed-ended, open-ended, or partially close-ended questions. 
• it is a self-reporting instrument that can be used to measure knowledge levels, opinions, attitudes, beliefs, ideas, feelings, and perceptions of respondents.

Realia refers to the use of objects and material from everyday life used as teaching aids.  

Key Points

• Realia are real-life objects that enable children to make connections to their own lives as they try to make sense of new concepts and ideas.
• Realia can make learning experience more memorable and it become easy to recall information.
• Realia will easily direct the students attention on the lesson. 
• Realia are real-life objects that enable children to make connections to their own lives as they try to make sense of new concepts and ideas.The use of realia with your students will not only be fun, but it will also provide a practical and interactive approach to learning. Teaching about the currency used by the Cholas by showing a coin of that time kept in a museum in the real time is an example of Realia Teaching. This is the creative way to teach students to make connections in the effective way.

​Hence, it can be concluded that teaching about the currency used by the Cholas by showing a coin of that time kept in a museum in the real time is an example of Realia Teaching. 

Questions take learning forward by interactions and lead to conceptual clarity. Thus, students should be encouraged to ask the questions. Question-asking puts advanced cognitive demand on students. It encourages students to think beyond literal questions.

In junior section, Mrs Singh is teaching about Earth, its shape and rotation by using a globe. In such teaching, learning take place by observation. Students observe the globe to get knowledge.

Observational learning is the learning that occurs through observation of the behavior of others. It is a form of social learning which takes various forms, based on various processes.

Learner-centered teaching methods shift the focus of activity from the teacher to the learners.

Key Points

Learner-centered teaching methods include: 

• Active learning, in which students solve problems, answer questions, formulate questions of their own, discuss, explain, debate, or brainstorm during class.
• Cooperative Learning is an instructional method in which students work in small groups to accomplish a common learning goal under the guidance of the teacher.
• Inductive learning, also known as discovery learning, is a process where the learner discovers rules by observing examples. The inductive method of teaching and learning is an umbrella term that includes a range of instructional methods.

All the above methods are learner-centered or student-centered because they impose more responsibility on students for their own learning than the traditional classroom lecture-based deductive approach does.

Additional Information

•  Passive learning is defined as “a method of learning or instruction where students receive information from the instructor and internalize it.”
• In basic terms, this means that a student will listen and read the material and reflect internally without further reflection back or reviewing.

Naresh loves to work without supervision and set goals that are challenging, but not impossible. He learns best in solitude; thus he is a intrapersonal learner. The intrapersonal learners, as opposed to interpersonal, are the ones who work and learn best when they are alone.
They are also motivated by internal forces, rather than external ones. So, Naresh is motivated by internal forces.

Key PointsPromoting self-assessment allows students to reflect on their own learning, set goals, and monitor their progress. To create a conducive learning environment, it is important to:

• Give chances for self-assessment: Self-assessment allows students to reflect on their own learning and to identify areas where they need to improve. This can help students to become more motivated and to take more ownership of their learning.
• Promote collaboration among students: Collaboration allows students to share their ideas and to learn from each other. This can help students to develop critical thinking skills and to become more creative problem solvers.
• Create a positive and supportive environment: A positive and supportive environment allows students to feel safe and comfortable taking risks. This can help students to learn more effectively.
• Provide opportunities for feedback: Feedback helps students to identify areas where they need to improve. This can help students to become more effective learners.

Hence, it can be concluded that to create a conducive learning environment, it is important to give chances for self-assessment.

An imprint of railway ticket can give all information about the journey to the students.

The giant panda is a bear native to south central China. It lives in a few mountain ranges in central China, mainly in Sichuan, but also in neighbouring Shaanxi and Gansu.