Bihar STET Paper 2 Chemistry Mock Test - 9 - Bihar PGT/TGT/PRT MCQ

Based on VSEPR model, it is (T-shaped).
Thus, (i) → (r)


AX₄E₂ (Square planar)

Thus, (ii) → (s)
(iii)   lone pair = 1, AX₄E (See-saw)

Thus, (iii) → (q) 
lone pair = 3

Linear structure
Three lone pairs are at equatorial position to minimise repulsion.
Linear structure.
Three lone pairs are at equatorial position to minimise repulsion.
Thus, (iv) → (p)

Metal activity series or electrochemical series is a series in the decreasing order of metals which are active during a chemical reaction comparatively with each other.

• Here, Zinc’s activity is greater than Copper’s activity and Copper’s activity is greater than that of silver.

Fehling's solution to make difference between carbohydrate and ketone functional grp and also used for differentiate reducing and non reducing sugar and as u know glucose is a reducing sugar so it will give red colour with fehling's solution (all monosachharides are reducing sugar).

Greater the number of hydroxy groups , greater its a bility to form H-bonds with water, hence greater solubility.

The electronic configuration of carbon in its ground state is given by 1s²2s²2p⁴. When it’s in an excited state, that is when it loses an electron, that would be from 2p-orbital. So the excited state’s electronic configuration is 1s²2s¹2p³.

Also X, has CH₃—CH(OH)—, gives iodoform test and it is chiral.

EC of Cr (24) is

Charge and solvation of the colloidal particles

Lyophilic sols are colloidal solutions in which the dispersed particles have a strong attraction to the solvent. The stability of lyophilic sols is due to the charge and solvation of the colloidal particles. The particles carry a charge and are surrounded by a layer of solvent molecules, known as the solvation layer. This solvation layer acts as a barrier between the particles, preventing them from coming into contact and aggregating. The charge of the particles also helps to repel them and keep them dispersed.

The size of the colloidal particles is not a direct factor in the stability of lyophilic sols. The charge and solvation of the particles are more important in maintaining stability.

Solvation of the colloidal particles is one of the factors that contribute to the stability of lyophilic sols, but not the only one, it should be combined with the charge of the colloidal particles.

Electrical Disintegration is not a method of colloidal purification.

The correct answer is option A
Due to solute presence in the solution, the solution's boiling point is greater than the pure solvent's boiling point. This is called as elevation in boiling point and it can be represented as:
ΔT_b​=K_b​ × molality

• John Newlands arranged the known elements in increasing order of their atomic masses.
• He started with the element having the lowest atomic mass ( hydrogen) and ended at thorium which was the 56th element.
• He found that every eighth element had properties similar to the first.

Formal charge (F)

where, v = valence electrons = 6
s = shared electrons = 4
u = unshared electron = 4

The main chemicals in air pollution that create acid rain are sulfur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen (NO2). Acid rain usually forms high in the clouds where sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides react with water, oxygen, and oxidants. this mixture forms a mild solution of sulfuric acid and nitric acid.

(a,c)

(a) Vapour pressure of a component in a solution,  by Raoult's law, thus correct.

(b) π = i MRT

For NaBr,

y = 2, / = 1 + (y - 1)x = 2

M = 1, T = (273 + t )

∴  π = 2R (273 + t) thus, incorrect.

(c)

π = i MRT

π  ∝ for equimolar solution

i = 1 for sucrose

i = (1 + x)forCH₃COOH (x < < 1)

for CH₃COOH being weak acid

i = 2 for KCI

i = 3 for K₂S0₄

Thus, π (osmotic pressure) of 0.01 M solutions of sucrose < CH₃COOH < KCI < K₂S0₄ Thus, correct.

 and K₁ are different, hence ΔT_f will be different, thus incorrect.

The correct answer is option D
Alkyl halides react with dialkyl copper reagents to give alkanes. The reaction is called Corey House synthesis.
R2​CuLi+R′X→R−R′+RCu + LiX
For example, ethyl iodide reacts with lithium diethyl cuprate to form butane.
(C_2​H₅​)₂​CuLi+C₂​H₅​−I→C₂​H₅​−C₂​H₅​+C₂​H₅​Cu + LiI

Periods:

• Elements are arranged in increasing the atomic number of elements in a period.
• One extra electron gets added to the outermost shell as we move along the periods from left to right.
• The electron gets added to the same shell or orbit and thus the electrons present for bonding increase by one unit.
• Thus, the shell number remains the same but the number of electrons present for bonding increases along a period.

Groups:

• Elements having the same number of outer electrons are put in the same group of the periodic table.
• When we move down a group, one extra shell gets added to the elements.
• The outermost shell has electrons present for bonding.
• Though the number of shells increases as we go down in a group, the number of electrons in the outermost shell remains the same.
• For example, the Halogens F, Cl, Br, I, At all belong to group 17 and have 7 electrons in the outermost shell.
• Similarly, Group 16 elements have 6 electrons in the outermost shell, group 15 has 5 electrons in the outermost shell, and so on.

Hence, group 17 is called halogens.

Due to lanthanide contraction, Ag and Au have nearly same size.

Audio-visual aid refers to the learning equipment that introduces such complex concepts through audio and video, which can't be introduced by other teaching aids. 

Key Points

Documentary film is the non-fictional film that deals with real events and people. It is an audio-visual aid as it:

• maximizes learning with the help of the auditory and visual system.

• activates the sense of both hearing and vision to enrich learner's knowledge.
• LCD Projector, TV, computer, video, film projector, virtual classroom, etc are the other examples of audio-visual aids.

Hint

Hence, we conclude that the Documentary film is an audio-visual aid.

Questions take learning forward by interactions and lead to conceptual clarity. Thus, students should be encouraged to ask the questions. Question-asking puts advanced cognitive demand on students. It encourages students to think beyond literal questions.

TFTF is correct. Teaching aid should be in accordance to the chapter to be focused on. Also a good classroom does not use maximum number of teaching aids, but optimum number of teaching aids i.e. as per the requirement of the lesson. Using teaching aids should be as per the environment and situation at the teaching place and also should not deviate mind of the student to an imaginary world, but make them more focused.

Summative assessment (or summative evaluation) refers to the assessment of participants where the focus is on the outcome of a programme. This contrasts with formative assessment, which summarises the participants' development at a particular time.

Geoboard is a tool for exploring a variety of mathematical topics introduced in the elementary and middle grades. Learners stretch bands around the pegs to form line segments and polygons and make discoveries about perimeter, area, angles, congruence, fractions, and more. It consists of a wood board with evenly spaced rows of nails or a plastic board with protruding pegs around which string or rubber bands are wrapped.

Key Points

Geo-board helps students to :

• comprehend mathematical concepts effectively by utilizing concrete objects and experiencing real situations.
• test and experience theoretical knowledge and discover different mathematical properties of various geometrical objects.
• enhances the interest and motivation of learners to learn mathematics.
• provide a better learning experience that helps learners to relate geometrical concepts with their daily life activities and nature.
• promote ndividual learning while engaged with geo-boards as learners engage in an exploration of mathematical contents in their way.

​Hence the most appropriate reason for introducing Geo-board-based activities could be to provide concrete representations for many investigations into geometrical concepts.​

The aim of good evaluation of written material is to help teachers to plan, write, produce, and evaluate materials that will help students to learn. These materials range from single-page handouts which are used in lessons, through to complete manuals which health workers use to help them in their jobs. Hence, good evaluation of written material should be based on linguistic expression, logical presentation and ability to reproduce whatever is read.

Activity-based learning as the name suggests actively involves learners in the construction and re-construction of knowledge based on his or her individual experiences. It is known as the learning by doing method. The activity approach takes you a little more time to prepare than a lecture or a demonstration. But the activity approach will not add to your burden. Rather, it will promote and support you by providing a range of appropriate educational material and ideas, and orientation on the creative use of the same. And the rewards for both you and your students will be significant and satisfying.

Important Points

Activity-Based Learning (ABL) was started sometime during World War II by David Horsburgh, the pioneer of the ABL system. His school curriculum was diverse and the teaching materials were systematically planned with different learning activities.

Key Points

The four steps to practicing activity-based learning are:  

Planning: It is important to identify the learning objectives that would be achieved through the planned activity.

• Now you need to make a list of and arrange for the various resources that may be required—material, learning resources, volunteers, etc.
• A plan for debriefing/discussion after the activity should also be developed by you. You will also require to have an idea about how will you assess, not only the learners but also the effectiveness of the activity.
• Conducting the Activity While conducting the activity, as a facilitator, you may need to work in the following phases:

Initiate the Activity: Introduce the activity and inform the children about the purpose or objective of the activity, their role in it, the time duration, and evaluation details if any.

• Proceed with the Activity: Once you have initiated, your main role is to ensure that children can meaningfully do what they are expected to do. Remember, encouraging all children are required to keep them motivated and involved.
• End the Activity: This phase is important to consolidate the learnings. This may require that the students reflect on the experiences and derive learnings relevant to the identified objective. If it is not done, sometimes the children are unable to relate the activity to essential learning. The teacher can also conclude by suggesting the linkages of the activity to real-life situations, and further direction. This phase is crucial for establishing links between what children experienced and what they read in their text-book.

Reflecting on the Process: This phase is for the teacher to take her own notes and learnings from the experience of conducting the activity. Thus you must spend some time reflecting on what worked well and what did not, and why? These notes/reflections will help you improve the design, planning, and conducting activity in the future.

Revising: As a result of reflection, the teacher often realizes the benefits and strengths of conducting the activity. An objective analysis of the experience also reveals the scope for improving the same activity for the next time.

Hence, we can conclude that the Pioneer of activity-based learning is David Horsburgh.

Audiovisual aids are those which make lessons interesting, simple, and understandable.

• It creates the interest of students in a classroom.
• It promotes self-learning and creativity in students.
• With the help of teaching aids, teachers make their teaching interesting as well as improve their teaching with the help of these aids.

Key PointsAudiovisual aids are those aids that are used to encourage teaching-learning in the classroom. Audio-Visual aids help the teacher because:

1. Audio-visual aids promote self-learning in the students.
2. It helps the teachers because they make the lesson effective and interesting because it enables the teachers to follow the maxims of teachings like known to unknown and concrete to abstract.
3. It helps to create the interest of the students.
4. The time and energy of teachers and students are saved and it helps to make the concepts more clear, more precise, and easy.
5. These aids are the best motivators. The students work with more interest and enthusiasm.
6. These aids are useful for teachers as the use of teaching aids makes the lesson interesting.
7. With the help of these aids students active in their mental and physical activity.
8. It develops a scientific attitude in the students.

Thus, it is concluded that audio-visual aids help the teacher because they make his lesson effective.

Additional Information

The correct answer is Akbar.

Key Points

•  Akbar(1556-1605):
  • Akbar was born on 15th October 1542. His full name was Abu'l-Fath Jalal ud-din Muhammad Akbar.
  • Akbar succeeded his father Humayun at the age of thirteen on 14th February 1556 as the third Mughal Emperor of India.
  • Akbar made major reforms in the war techniques especially in the use of firearms.
  • He reigned from 1556 to 1605 and extended Mughal power over most of the Indian subcontinent.
  • To preserve the unity of his empire, Akbar adopted programs that won the loyalty of the non-Muslim populations of his realm.

Additional Information

• Jahangir:
  • The fourth Mughal ruler, Jahangir, was succeeded by the famous Akbar the Great.
  • Jahangir was known for his ambivalent stance on religion and his love for art.
  • Like most Mughal rulers, Jahangir has given India a few of the most iconic structures that have lasted the centuries without losing their glory.
• Shahjahan:
  • Shah Jahan was an able military commander.
  • While still a prince, he was able to obtain the submission of the Rajput state of Mewar which Akbar had not been able to defeat.
  • Mewar then became a vassal of the Mughal Empire.
  • On becoming the emperor, Shah Jahan executed many of his former rivals including his own brother Shahryar, imprisoned many more, and consolidated his power.
  • The Mughal rules of succession do not follow primogeniture, i.e., the eldest son succeeding the father; there is always a fight for power by brothers in the Mughal courts upon the death of a ruler.
• Babur:
  • Babur was the founder of the Mughal empire in the Indian subcontinent
  • He ruled the Mughal dynasty from 1526 to 1530.
  • Babur came to India from Ferghana.
  • Babur succeeded to the throne of Ferghana in 1494 when he was only 12 years old.
  • He was forced to leave his ancestral throne due to the invasion of the Uzbeks(Mongol group).
  • He was a descendant of Timur from his father's side and a descendant of Chengiz Khan from his mother's side.
  • He defeated Ibrahim Lodi at Panipat and captured Delhi and Agra in 1526.
  • He defeated Rana Sanga of Mewar at Khanwa in 1527
  • He defeated the Rajputs at Chanderi in 1528.
  • Baburnama or Tuzuk-e-Baburi is the autobiography of Babur.
  • He died at Agra in 1530.

King Charles III is the monarch depicted on the new UK banknotes, which will co-circulate with those featuring Queen Elizabeth II's portrait starting from June 5, 2024.