Important Questions (2 mark): Poverty As A Challenge - Class 9 MCQ

During the colonial period, the small cotton and textile industry suffered the most

B is the correct option.Unequal distribution of land,Lack of fertile land and Increase in population are the major causes of income inequality in India. However, The loss of fertile soil makes land less productive for agriculture, creates new deserts.

Prime Minister Rozgar Yojana (PMRY): It is a scheme started in 1993. The aim of the programme is to create self-employment opportunities for educated unemployed youth in rural areas and small towns. They are helped in setting up small businesses and industries.

Explanation:

• Rural agricultural labour households: Although they may face poverty due to seasonal fluctuations in income, they have access to land and other resources which can act as a safety net.


• Urban casual labour households: They may face poverty due to lack of job security and low wages, but they have access to urban amenities and opportunities for better income.


• Scheduled caste and scheduled tribe households: These social groups often face discrimination and lack of access to education, healthcare, and job opportunities, making them vulnerable to poverty.


• The female daily wagers: Women often face gender discrimination in wages and opportunities, leading to lower income levels and increased vulnerability to poverty.

Amongst the given options, Scheduled caste and scheduled tribe households are most vulnerable to poverty due to historical and systemic factors that limit their access to resources and opportunities for socio-economic development.

Accepted Average Calories Required in India in Urban Areas
- The accepted average calories required in India in urban areas is 2100 calories per day.
- This average is recommended by various health organizations and experts for maintaining a healthy and balanced diet.
- It is important to note that the calorie requirement may vary depending on factors such as age, gender, physical activity level, and overall health condition.
- The 2100 calorie estimate is an average value and individuals should consult with a healthcare professional or nutritionist for personalized recommendations.
- It is also worth mentioning that the calorie requirement may differ in rural areas or for individuals engaged in physically demanding occupations.
- It is important to consume a variety of nutrient-rich foods to meet the daily calorie requirement and ensure proper nutrition.
- The calorie intake should include a balance of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats, along with an adequate intake of vitamins and minerals.
- It is recommended to focus on whole grains, lean proteins, fruits, vegetables, and healthy fats while limiting the consumption of processed foods, sugary beverages, and excessive amounts of saturated fats and added sugars.
- Regular physical activity is also essential for maintaining a healthy weight and overall well-being.
- It is advisable to consult with a healthcare professional or nutritionist for personalized guidance on calorie requirements and dietary recommendations.

Acc. to 2011-12, Bihar and Odisha continue to be the two poorest states with poverty ratios of 33.7 and 32.6 per cent respectively. Along with rural poverty, urban poverty is also high in Odisha, Madhya Pradesh, Bihar and Uttar Pradesh.

The social groups most vulnerable to poverty have been identified to be the scheduled caste households and the scheduled tribe households with both these groups having above average levels of poverty indicators in the rural and the urban population.

Social Indicators of Poverty
Introduction:
Social indicators of poverty are measures used by social scientists to assess the level of poverty in a society. These indicators help to identify the various dimensions and manifestations of poverty. One such indicator is the illiteracy level.
Illiteracy Level:
- Illiteracy is a social indicator of poverty as it reflects the lack of access to education and knowledge.
- High illiteracy rates are often associated with poverty as it limits individuals' opportunities for employment and social mobility.
- Illiteracy hinders people from acquiring crucial skills and knowledge necessary for economic development and social participation.
Other Social Indicators:
While the question specifically asks for one social indicator, it is worth mentioning a few other common social indicators of poverty:
- Income inequality: The unequal distribution of wealth and income within a society is a significant indicator of poverty.
- Unemployment rate: High levels of unemployment are often linked to poverty and economic hardship.
- Access to basic services: Limited access to healthcare, clean water, sanitation, and housing are indicators of poverty.
- Social exclusion: Marginalized groups, such as those based on caste, ethnicity, or gender, often face higher rates of poverty and discrimination.
Conclusion:
Social indicators of poverty help to identify the extent and nature of poverty in a society. Illiteracy level is one such indicator, reflecting the lack of educational opportunities and limiting individuals' prospects for economic and social advancement. Other indicators, such as income inequality, unemployment rate, and access to basic services, also contribute to understanding poverty in a comprehensive manner.

In Sub - Saharan Africa the poverty actually rose from 1981 - 2001.

Every fifth person in india is poor

 for making comparisons between developing countries, many international organisations like the World Bank use a uniform standard for the poverty line: minimum availability of the equivalent of $1.90 per person per day

AAY was launched in December 2000. Under the scheme 1 crore of the poorest among the BPL families covered under the targeted public distribution system are identified. Twenty five kilograms (kg) of food grains were made available to each eligible family at a highly subsidized rate of Rs. 2 per kg for wheat and Rs.3 per kg for rice. This quantity has been enhanced from 25 to 35 kgs with effect from April, 2002.

Correct answer is B. Kerala.

The correct option is A.
The sixth position in the list of the poorest states in India is grabbed by Odisha.
32.59% people are living below the poverty line.
Bihar is the fifth poorest state in India. 
The poverty level in this state is around 33.74%.

Calorie requirement per person per day is different in rural and urban areas. People in rural areas require more calories because they do more physical work. Main occupation of the people in rural areas is farming which requires strenous physical activity. Women in villages also require more calories because they do all house hold work without the help of any gadgets or  electronic equipments.

1000 per person per month respectively. It is higher in urban areas because of high prices of many essential commodities in urban areas. The accepted average of calories requirement in India is 2400 calories per person per day in rural areas and 2100 calories in urban areas.

Statement: Calories requirements in rural areas are considered to be higher than urban areas.

Reasons supporting the statement:

• Physical work: People living in rural areas engage themselves in more physical work compared to urban areas.


• Agricultural activities: People living in rural areas are often engaged in agriculture, which requires physical labor and leads to higher calorie requirements.

Explanation:
The statement suggests that calorie requirements in rural areas are higher than urban areas. This can be attributed to the following reasons:

• Physical work: People living in rural areas often engage in physically demanding activities such as farming, livestock management, and manual labor. These activities require more energy expenditure, resulting in higher calorie needs.


• Agricultural activities: Rural areas are typically characterized by agricultural practices. People involved in farming activities spend significant time and effort in cultivating crops, tending to livestock, and performing other agricultural tasks. These activities demand a higher level of physical exertion, leading to increased calorie requirements.

In contrast, urban areas are more likely to have sedentary lifestyles due to the nature of work, availability of modern conveniences, and transportation facilities. This generally results in lower physical activity levels and therefore lower calorie requirements compared to rural areas.
Overall, the higher calorie requirements in rural areas can be attributed to the physical work and agricultural activities that are prevalent in these regions.

(i) While determining the poverty line in India, a minimum level of food requirement, clothing, footwear, fuel and light, educational and medical requirement etc. are determined for subsistence.
(ii) The present formula for food requirement while estimating the poverty line is based on the desired calorie requirement. The accepted average calorie requirement in India is 2400 calories per person per day in rural areas and 2100 calories per person per day in urban areas.
(iii) On the basis of these calculations, for the year 2000, the poverty line for a person was fixed at Rs. 328 per month for the rural areas and Rs. 454 for the urban areas.
(iv) It means a person living in rural areas and earning less than Rs. 328 per month will be below the poverty line. In the same way, a person living in urban areas and earning less than Rs. 454 per month will be below the poverty line.

The World Bank defines poverty in absolute terms. The bank defines extreme poverty as living on less than US$1.90 per day. (PPP), and moderate poverty as less than $3.10 a day. It has been estimated that in 2008, 1.4 billion people had consumption levels below US$1.25 a day and 2.7 billion lived on less than $2 a day.

The statement means that most of poor in the world are from India. Poverty in India is high mainly because of increasing rate of population. Though poverty has been reduced during the past four decades, yet  it remains painfully high. Nearly 27 crore people live under poverty in India and this figure indicates that  India  has the largest single concentration of the poor in the world.

A is the correct option.More than a quarter of the population living in rural areas of India is below the poverty line. Out of the total population living in the rural parts of 35 states and UTs of India, 25.7 per cent of them is living below the poverty line, according to RBI.

Accepted Average Calorie Requirement in Rural Areas in India
Answer: C
The accepted average calorie requirement in rural areas in India is 2400 calories per day.
Explanation:
Factors Affecting Calorie Requirement:
- Physical activity level: Individuals engaged in strenuous physical activities require more calories compared to those with sedentary lifestyles.
- Age and gender: Calorie requirements vary based on age and gender.
- Body weight and composition: Individuals with higher body weight and muscle mass generally require more calories.
- Climate: Calorie needs may increase in hot climates due to increased sweating and energy expenditure.
Calorie Requirement in Rural Areas:
- The National Institute of Nutrition (NIN) has recommended the average calorie requirement for rural areas, taking into account the factors mentioned above.
- The accepted average calorie requirement in rural areas in India is 2400 calories per day.
- This value is determined based on the typical lifestyle, occupation, and dietary habits observed in rural communities.
Importance of Adequate Calorie Intake:
- Meeting the recommended calorie intake is crucial for maintaining overall health and well-being.
- Inadequate calorie intake can lead to malnutrition, weakened immune system, poor growth and development, and increased susceptibility to diseases.
- On the other hand, excessive calorie intake can contribute to weight gain, obesity, and associated health problems.
Conclusion:
- The accepted average calorie requirement in rural areas in India is 2400 calories per day.
- It is important to remember that individual calorie needs may vary based on factors such as age, gender, lifestyle, and body composition.
- Consulting with a nutritionist or healthcare professional can help determine the specific calorie requirements for an individual.

The accepted average calorie requirement in India is

2400 calories per person per day in rural areas and

2100 calories per person per day in urban areas.

The correct answer is C as the poverty line for the rural areas in India at present is rs.816 per month.