KVS TGT Science Mock Test - 1 - KVS PGT/TGT/PRT MCQ

The sentence "We must respect the elders" in the Active Voice can be transformed into the Passive Voice as:

A. The elders must be respected.

This option accurately conveys the original meaning of the sentence in the Passive Voice.

The idea is to express that it is the first time that Oxford has allowed public to vote. Thus, only ‘history’ is the best fit while ‘course’ and ‘age’ are incorrect.

Hence, the correct answer is option D.

The idiom crack someone up can be used to imply that you actually make someone laugh with something. It is regarding bringing a smile on the faces of people. Among the given options we can easily choose option D since it gives us the correct meaning of the phrase in underlined whereas the rest can be eliminated from consideration.

This makes option D the correct choice among the given options.

सही उत्तर 'वाक् + हरि' है।

• 'वाग्घरि' का सही संधि-विच्छेद 'वाक् + हरि' है।
• 'वाग्घरि' शब्द में 'क् + ह = ग्ह' का मेल हो रहा है इसलिए यहां व्यंजन संधि है।

Key Points

Important Points'क्' का 'ग्' होना-

• वाक् + जाल = वाग्‍जाल
• ऋक् + वेद + ऋग्‍वेद
• वाक् + दान = वाग्‍दान
• दिक् + विजय = दिग्विजय
• वाक् + धारा = वाग्‍धारा

"मालिक नौकर से काम करवाता है।” वाक्य में प्रेरणार्थक क्रिया है।

• जिस क्रिया से ज्ञान हो कि कर्ता स्वयं कार्य को न करके किसी अन्य को कार्य करने की प्रेरणा देता है वह प्रेरणार्थक क्रिया कहलाती है।
• जैसे - माता पिता अपने बच्चो के कार्य करवाते है।

Hint

प्रेरणार्थक क्रिया के उदाहरण

• वह सबसे चालान भरवाता है.
• महेश बच्चों को रुलाता है.
• गीता बच्चों को हिंदी पढ़ाती है.
• सुरेश आज नौकर से गाड़ी धुलवाना।
• आज तुम विजय से चाय बनवाना।

Key Pointsअन्य विकल्प

The Golden Quadrilateral project aimed to connect four major cities in India—Delhi, Mumbai, Chennai, and Kolkata—through a well-developed road network. It played a significant role in enhancing road connectivity and promoting economic development across the country.

Largest Auditorium in India: Sri Shanmukhananda Hall (Mumbai)
Some key points about Sri Shanmukhananda Hall and why it is considered the largest auditorium in India:
- Located in Mumbai, Sri Shanmukhananda Hall is a renowned auditorium known for its grandeur and capacity.
- Capacity: The auditorium can accommodate around 3,500 people, making it one of the largest in India.
- Infrastructure: The hall boasts a spacious stage and excellent acoustics, which enhance the overall experience for both performers and the audience.
- Cultural hub: Sri Shanmukhananda Hall is not only known for hosting various cultural events but also for promoting and preserving Indian classical music and dance forms.
- History: The hall was inaugurated in 1952 and has since been a significant venue for cultural activities and performances.
- Facilities: The auditorium is equipped with modern amenities, including comfortable seating, sound systems, and lighting arrangements, ensuring a top-notch experience for visitors.
- Events: Sri Shanmukhananda Hall has witnessed numerous prestigious events, including concerts, dance recitals, theater shows, and conferences.
Overall, Sri Shanmukhananda Hall in Mumbai stands out as the largest auditorium in India due to its impressive capacity, infrastructure, cultural significance, and state-of-the-art facilities.

Hence, option D is correct.

Development refers to functional or non-organic changes and is usually qualitative in nature (e.g., development of intelligence). It is a life-long process that covers the entire spectrum of human life, whereas organic development (growth) does reach a point of maturity from which no further change is anticipated. 

Key Points

Child development is marked by three interrelated processes. They are differentiation, integration and learning. The integration and differentiation of tissues follow certain principles that have been described below- 

• The growth pattern follows a genetic sequence.
• All individuals are different.
• Systems and functions of the organism grow at a different rate.
• Unfolding abilities and skills are spontaneously expressed. 
• Each phase of development has characteristic traits and features.
• The development is continuous.
• Individuals develop as a unified whole.

Important Points

Thus from the above-mentioned points, it is clear that statements (i), (ii), (iii), and (iv) are true. 

Development implies the overall change in shape, form, or structure, along with the function of the organ. Development is both quantitative and qualitative in nature. It is a continuous process starting from the Womb and ending with the tomb.

Key Points

The following are the Theories/Principles of development:

Theory/Principle of integration: 

• Development involves a movement from the whole to parts and from parts to the whole and this way it is the integration of the whole and its parts as well as the specific and general responses.
• It enables a child to develop satisfactorily in relation to various aspects or dimensions of his personality. 
• Example: Child first starts to learn hand movement then finger movement and then learn the movement of both hand and finger together this is called integration

Theory/Principle of inter-relation: 

• Various aspects or dimensions of one’s growth and development are interrelated.
• What is achieved or not achieved in one or other dimensions in the course of the gradual and continuous process of development surely affects the development of other dimensions. 
• A healthy body tends to develop a healthy mind and an emotionally stable, physically strong, and socially conscious personality.
• Inadequate physical or mental development may, on the other hand, result in a socially or emotionally maladjusted personality.

Theory/Principle of continuity: 

• The development follows the principle of continuity which means that development is a continuous process. 
• It starts with pre-natal and ends with death.

Theory/Principle of uniformity: 

• Although development does not proceed at a uniform rate and shows marked individual differences with regard to the process and outcome of various stages of development, it follows a definite pattern in one or the other dimension which is uniform and universal with respect to the individual of a species.   

Hence, if a child, who is physically weak, possesses a lower level of emotional, social, and mental development also, reflects the theory of inter-relation Hence, option (2) is correct.

The first thing that is expected from a teacher is to create situations and opportunities for encouraging learning for each and every student in the class.

• The classroom environment should be such that each and every student feels comfortable, joyful, and feel encouraged to use his potentials in a maximum way for learning.

Key Points

•  The teacher by using a democratic teaching strategy provides that type of learning environment where students get choices in their learning and incorporate shared decision-making to promote increased engagement and improved learning outcomes for students.
• This is a completely child-centered teaching strategy. It develops affective and cognitive domains.
• Maximum interaction between teachers and students is seen in this type of teaching strategy.
•  It is important for the all-round development of students.
• An example of a democratic learning environment for the classroom teaching-learning process is - Students are provided with opportunities to investigate a problem, search for possible solutions, make observations, ask questions, etc.  
  • In this example, the students will have the choice to search for solutions by following their own path of discovery.

Thus, it is concluded that the students are provided with opportunities to investigate a problem, search for possible solutions, make observations, ask questions, etc. is an example of a democratic teaching strategy.

Hint

•  To instruct the students to follow strict discipline is an example of an autocratic teaching strategy where the students become passive learners and remain quiet during most of the learning process.
• In the Autocratic teaching strategy, the teacher decides the nature of the experiment, the nature of activities, time place, and students have to follow their instructions.
• Basically, the teacher is the center of all learning activities in autocratic teaching strategy.

Learning is defined as a process of behavior modification through experiences, exercise, and efforts.

Key Points

• Retroactive Inhibition: (Retro=backward) Forgetting of previously stored information due to learning new information. It is the process in which subsequent learning inhibits the retention of original learning.

Additional Information

• ​Proactive Inhibition: (Pro=forward) - Forgetting of newly acquired information due to interference from previously learned information.
• External Inhibition: It is a temporary decrement of a conditioned response due to an extraneous stimulus.
• Internal Inhibition: Internal Inhibition affects the cortical center of the conditioned reflex.

​Hence, we can conclude that retroactive Inhibition is the process in which subsequent learning inhibits the retention of original learning.

The Ministry of Human Resource Development (MHRD) is seriously considering including a set of defined learning outcomes as part of the Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education (RTE) Act, 2009.

• The NCERT has developed Learning Outcomes for each class (from Class I to Class VIII) in Languages (Hindi, English and Urdu), Mathematics, Environmental Studies, Science and Social Science up to the Elementary stage.

Key Points Class-wise learning level:

• ‘Learning Outcomes has a list of grade-wise/ class-wise learning outcomes.
• It will “provide the checkpoints that are measurable in a qualitative or quantitative manner to assess the progress of a child as per the expected holistic learning for the overall development of a child.” 
• It is expected that it will minimum levels of learning to facilitate the monitoring of students against expected benchmarks. Learning outcomes will be expected levels of learning that children should achieve on the compilation of the particular class.
•  Learning outcomes to improve the quality of education.
• Learning outcomes to improve the standards of the students.Learning outcomes to know the performance of the students.
•  Learning outcomes should be helpful for teachers to modify their teaching and learning process.

Hence, it can be concluded that the class-wise learning level of the child includes learning outcomes.

The concept of the zone of proximal development was given by Vygotsky in his theory of cognitive development.

• Vygotsky centred his theory of child development on times of crisis in a child's life which he termed critical periods.
• He identified the following developmental junctures of rapid, profound transformation in the mental and social functioning of the child:

1. When the child begins to walk
2. When the child begins to talk
3. When the child starts school
4. When the child begins to use conceptual thinking
5. When the child gains self-awareness during adolescence

Key Points Zone of Proximal development:

•  Vygotsky believed that children were capable of solving problems independently at given ages.
• He termed this level of ability as the zone of actual development.
• It is important that children are given the opportunity to learn so that they reach the level of the zone of proximal development.
• The support given to a child in learning during the early stages is crucial for cognitive development. So Zone of proximal development involves the pre-learning level.
• As they grow older, children develop capabilities to guide their learning process and thus need less support.

Hence, it can be concluded that the zone of proximal development involves the pre-learning level of the child.

Multilingualism can be described as the awareness, understanding, and knowledge of more than one language. Multilingualism involves skilled ability in both writing and speaking more than one language. 

Key Points

•  Multilingualism classroom involves children who are aware of more than one language and children who have more than one first language. 
• To design a multilingual classroom, the involvement of the local community in the development of the curriculum, learning materials, and learning teaching process is necessary. 
• It helps to design the classroom in a way that every child understands the lessons effectively. 
• A multilingual classroom enhances and enriches the perspective of the children. 
• Local communities can aid to develop curriculums and materials so that natives can easily understand as well as the children who are not much skilled in other languages. 

Thus, it can be concluded that a multilingual classroom requires the involvement of the local community in the development of curriculum, learning materials, and the learning teaching process is necessary. 

The School Management Committee will play a pivotal role in school governance to enhance the quality of education offered. In bringing together representatives of different stakeholders, it lays the groundwork for broadened and shared decision-making. A school shall constitute a School Management Committee consisting of the elected representatives of the local authority, parents or guardians of children admitted in such school and teachers:

• Provided that at least three-fourth of members of such Committee shall be parents or guardians
• Provided further that proportionate representation shall be given to the parents or guardians of children belonging to disadvantaged group and weaker section
• Provided also that fifty per cent of members of such Committee shall be women.

The School Management Committee shall perform the following functions, namely:

• monitor the working of the school
• prepare and recommend school development plan
• monitor the utilisation of the grants received from the appropriate Government or local authority or any other source
• perform other such functions as may be prescribed

Provided that the School Management Committee constituted under sub-section (1) in respect of a school established and administered by minority whether based on religion or language, and all other aided schools as defined in sub-section (ii) of clause (n) of section 2, shall perform advisory function only.

Hence, we conclude that encouraging parents to punish their child not a function of the School Management Committee as per the Right to Education Act, 2009.

The correct answer is Mental Healthcare Act, 2017.

Key Points

• Section 20 of the Mental Healthcare Act, of 2017 gives every person with mental illness a right to live with dignity.
  • ​In India, the Mental Health Care Act 2017 was passed on 7 April 2017 and came into force on 29 May 2018.
  • The act effectively decriminalized attempted suicide which was punishable under Section 309 of the Indian Penal Code.
  • The law was described as;
    • "An Act to provide for mental healthcare and services for persons with mental illness and to protect, promote and fulfil the rights of such persons during delivery of mental healthcare and services and for matters connected therewith or incidental thereto."
  • This Act superseded the previously existing Mental Health Act, of 1987 which was passed on 22 May 1987.

Additional Information

• The Indian Penal Code (IPC) is the official criminal code of India.
  • It is a comprehensive code intended to cover all substantive aspects of criminal law.
• In India, the Mental Health Act was passed on 22 May 1987.
  • The law was described in its opening paragraph as "An Act to consolidate and amend the law relating to the treatment and care of mentally ill persons, to make better provision with respect to their property and affairs and for matters connected therewith or incidental thereto.
• The National Medical Commission (NMC) has been constituted by an act of Parliament known as the National Medical Commission Act, 2019 which came into force on 25.9.2020 by gazette notification dated 24.9.2020.
  • The Board of Governors in supersession of the Medical Council of India constituted under section 3A of the Indian Medical Council Act, 1956 stands dissolved thereafter.

  The correct answer is a

   Full-fat milk is standardised to 3.5% of fat and semi skimmed milk contains approximately 1.5% fat. Skimmed milk and buttermilk are very low in fat and, on average, contain 0.1 or 0.2% fat respectively.

Solutes and solvents are the substance not used only in chemical laboratories, but they are the part of the day to day life. A solution contains only two components, which are solute and solvent. Solvent has the capability of dissolving the solute in a homogenous solution.

Distance is a scalar quantity that refers to "how much ground an object has covered" during its motion.

The effector in a reflex arc is responsible for producing the desired response to a given stimulus. Once the sensory information is processed by the central nervous system, the effector carries out the necessary action, such as muscle contraction or gland secretion, in response to the received stimuli.

Plant cells achieve shape changes required for movement by adjusting their water content. This adjustment leads to swelling or shrinking of the cells, resulting in altered shapes that enable movements like leaf folding or bending towards light. Water regulation is essential for maintaining cell turgidity and supporting various plant movements.

Evolutionary Connection Between Dinosaurs and Birds

In the context of evolution, the presence of feathers in both dinosaurs and birds suggests that birds have evolved from reptiles (specifically, from a group of theropod dinosaurs). This is supported by several lines of evidence, including:

• Fossil Record: Fossil discoveries have revealed the existence of feathered dinosaurs, such as Microraptor and Archaeopteryx, which exhibit features intermediate between reptiles and birds.


• Anatomical Similarities: Birds and certain dinosaurs share numerous anatomical features, including hollow bones, wishbones, and similar skeletal structures.


• Genetic Evidence: Comparative analysis of the genetic material of birds and reptiles has provided further support for the evolutionary connection between the two groups.


• Developmental Similarities: The embryonic development of birds and reptiles shows striking similarities, suggesting a common ancestry.

Therefore, the correct answer is D: birds have evolved from reptiles. This is a widely accepted scientific consensus based on extensive research and evidence.

The atomic number of Helium is Z = 2. The electronic configuration is, 2. Therefore, Helium is a noble gas with two valence electrons.

• Hydrogen gas and iron chloride are produced.

Fe + HCl →  FeCl₂  + H₂

• The iron displaces hydrogen from hydrochloric acid to form iron (II) chloride & hydrogen gas. This is a single displacement reaction.
• Thus the answer is option (A) Hydrogen gas and iron chloride are produced.

The area under the velocity time graph will give us the displacement of an object and the slope gives the acceleration

we should find the area under the graph , if the graph is irregular we need to split it into parts and finally add them and if the shape is not at all regular we should go for integration

We know,  p = mv 
Units of p, ⇒ kg ms^-1 
We have to measure, rate of change of momentum with respect to time ; 
⇒  kg m s^-2

A substance that can be beaten into thin sheets and drawn into thin wire is both malleable and ductile. Gold is most malleable and ductile element.

The air we exhale contains CO₂. When carbon dioxide is passed through lime water or Ca(OH)₂ then it form calcium carbonate which is white in colour.