KVS TGT Science Mock Test - 2 - KVS PGT/TGT/PRT MCQ

Laudable is worthy of praise, and hence appalling is an antonym.

Note: Rule to make active voice of Simple Future Tense: Passive subject + shall/will + be + third form of verb + by + passive object
The above given sentence is given in Passive Voice :-
The message will be passed by Rahul.
Therefore , required answer will be option D .

Documents obtained through an RTI application by Tamil Nadu’s BJP chief K. Annamalai reveal India’s inconsistent approach to the Katchatheevu island dispute with Sri Lanka. Katchatheevu, a small island in the Palk Strait, lacks a permanent settlement and freshwater source. Administered by both India and Sri Lanka historically, a 1974 agreement marked its boundary. Indian fishermen, particularly from Tamil Nadu, face challenges due to conflicting claims over the island.

Kanchenjungha is the tallest peak in India and the third tallest peak globally. This remarkable natural landmark is highlighted on the physical map of India.

Understanding the population map of India provides valuable information on population density, helps identify regional disparities, and aids in resource planning for the country's development.

Vijay Jain, the Managing Director of Star Estate, was awarded the prestigious Times Power Icon 2024 Award at an event organized by The Times Group. The award recognized his visionary leadership and outstanding achievements in the real estate sector, highlighting his commitment to excellence and inspiring leadership at Star Estate.

Report Headings

• Heading A: Is good practice


• Heading B: Helps in reading and understanding a report


• Heading C: Is required by management


• Heading D: Is a good documentation aid

Report headings play a crucial role in organizing and presenting information in a clear and structured manner. Here's a detailed explanation of each heading:

Heading A: Is good practice

Having report headings is considered a good practice for several reasons:

• It enhances readability and improves the overall flow of the report.


• It helps the reader quickly navigate through the document and locate specific sections of interest.


• It provides a visual structure to the report, making it easier to comprehend and follow.

Heading B: Helps in reading and understanding a report

The presence of headings in a report aids in reading and understanding the content in the following ways:

• Headings give an overview of the main topics or sections covered in the report.


• They break down complex information into smaller, more manageable chunks.


• They provide a logical structure to the report, allowing the reader to follow the flow of ideas and arguments.


• Headings can be used as signposts to help the reader find specific information quickly.

Heading C: Is required by management

In many organizations, management requires reports to include headings for various reasons:

• Headings provide a standardized format for reports, ensuring consistency across different documents.


• They facilitate the review and evaluation of reports by management and other stakeholders.


• Headings help in the efficient distribution of information within the organization.


• They assist in creating a professional and polished appearance for the report.

Heading D: Is a good documentation aid

Using headings as a documentation aid offers the following benefits:

• Headings serve as a roadmap for the report, guiding the author in organizing their thoughts and ideas.


• They provide a framework for future reference and retrieval of information.


• Headings make it easier to update or modify specific sections of the report without disrupting the entire document.


• They enhance the overall quality and professionalism of the report.

In conclusion, report headings are essential elements that contribute to the clarity, readability, and organization of a report. They not only improve the document's structure but also assist in effective communication and understanding of the information presented.

The Correct answer is David Kolb

Experiential learning is learning by doing. David Kolb is best known for his work on experiential learning theory or ELT. 

Important Points

David A. Kolb’s Experiential Learning Theory:

The experiential learning theory works in four stages—

• Step 1:Concrete learning is when a learner gets a new experience, or interprets a past experience in a new way. 
• Step 2: Reflective observation comes next, where the learner reflects on their experience personally. They use the lens of their experience and understanding to reflect on what this experience means.
• Step 3: Abstract conceptualization happens as the learner forms new ideas or adjusts their thinking based on the experience and their reflection about it.
• Step 4; Active experimentation is where the learner applies the new ideas to the world around them, to see if there are any modifications to be made. This process can happen over a short period of time, or over a long span of time. 

​ 

Additional Information

• Kurt Lewin
  • He is known as the father of modern social psychology
  • Lewin's theory also contributed to the concurrent cognitive fieM psychology. 
  • Kurt Lewin’s field theory proposed that behavior is the result of the individual and the environment.
• Educational Thoughts of John Dewey
  • he a major educational reformer for the 20th century
  • John Dewey’s concept of education is based upon the philosophy of pragmatism.
  • Dewey believed that knowledge is resultant of action.
  • According to him, change is the reality of the world. 
• Benjamin Samuel Bloom's theory of mastery learning: 
  • It is an instructional strategy and educational philosophy, first formally proposed by Benjamin Bloom in 1968.
  • Mastery learning maintains that students must achieve a level of mastery (e.g., 90% on a knowledge test) in prerequisite knowledge before moving forward to learn subsequent information.
  • If a student does not achieve mastery on the test, they are given additional support in learning and reviewing the information and then tested again. 
  • This cycle continues until the learner accomplishes mastery, and they may then move on to the next stage

Approaches to learning describe and explain the conditions under which learning does and does not take place. This movement is towards theorizing the process of learning. It attempts to provide a definite coherence to one particular subset of experimental findings in the field of learning.

Key Points

• Constructivism is centered on the idea that human knowledge and learning are actively constructed by the teacher, not passively received from the environment.
• Constructivist teaching is based on the theory of constructivism which holds that learning always builds upon the knowledge that a student already knows.
• As a constructivist teacher, one should have a clear idea of < />previous knowledge of the children i.e., what they had already learned in previous classes and from where they need to begin.
• After knowing their acquired and previously existing knowledge, the teacher should create a learning environment that is stimulating, interactive, and enlightening for them i.e., children should be engaged actively while interacting with their environment to learn.
• Learners have to construct knowledge themselves or by working in small groups and by asking questions. 
• Knowledge is not passively received or absorbed by the learner but actively built by him/her. What more this implies is that knowledge cannot be transmitted from one learner to another.

Thus, it is concluded that the 'previous experiences of children are used for construction of new knowledge in the classroom' is a characteristic of a constructivist classroom.

Language learning is a result of deliberate and conscious effort for a better understanding of foundational skills of language learning. It refers to have a basic knowledge of grammatical rules and their use in communication.

Key Points

Pavlov had identified a fundamental associative learning process called classical conditioning. Classical conditioning refers to learning that occurs when a neutral stimulus (e.g., a tone) becomes associated with a stimulus (e.g., food) that naturally produces a behavior. After the association is learned, the previously neutral stimulus is sufficient to produce the behavior.

Classic conditioning- Ivan Pavlov, a Russian psychologist has propounded the 'Theory of Classical  Conditioning which emphasizes that learning as a habit formation is based on the principle of association and substitution. 

• This is the simplest form of conditioning, described Pavlov, a Russian Psychologist.
• Conditioning is a term used to describe the process by which a neutral stimulus gains the power to elicit a specific conditioned response.
• This is explained through the experiments done by Pavlov. He associated the presentation of food to the dog with another stimulus as the sound of the bell.
• After giving some trials in which the bell preceded the presentation of food, the dog started salivating at the sound of the bell.
• So a habit was developed by associating food with a bell .same we can use during the classroom when teaching about words.

Important Points  

Educational implication of classical conditioning in language learning

• In the classroom context when words are associated with pictures or meaning in language learning is an example of classic conditioning. Patterns of stimulus-response (also represented as the equation S>R) form the basis of the explanation of language learning that has been given by the school of Behaviourist psychology.
• The principle of classical conditioning is used by teachers in classroom teaching for language learning and subjects like Mathematics.
• The classical conditioning of responses to the meaning of words associated with pictures.
• It can be used to develop a favorable attitude towards language learning and learning of other subjects.
• It develops good habits of language learning and moral learning and eliminates the bad habits in students.

Additional Information

• Operant Conditioning- The theory of B.F. Skinner is based upon the idea that learning is a function of change in behavior. Change in behavior means a person's response (individual/child) to the event (stimuli) that occur in the environment.
• Trial and error method- A person makes a number of; trials some responses do not give satisfaction to the individual, but he goes on making further; trials till he gets a satisfactory response.
• The Discovery method of learning is a method of inquiry-based instruction. Jerome Bruner is often credited with originating discovery learning in the 1960s.
  • He argues that “practice in discovery for oneself teaches one to acquire information in a way that makes that information more readily viable in problem-solving”.
  • Discovery learning takes place in a problem-solving situation where the student draws on his/her own experience and prior knowledge.
  • It is a method of instruction through which students interact with their environment by exploring and manipulating objects and performing experiments.

Hence, we can conclude that associating words with pictures or meanings in language learning is an example of classic conditioning.

Education has to be related to life at all points in response to the variety of forces that affect it. Education, therefore, cannot be regarded as an isolated activity. The school has to provide an idealistic vision of social life, reflecting within it all the worthwhile major activities that make up the life of any community.

• A community is a group of two or more people who have been able to accept and transcend their differences regardless of the diversity of their backgrounds (social, spiritual, educational, ethnic, economic, political, etc.). 

Key Points

• It is important that a community should participate in school-related activities as education is a social process, which prepares individuals to lead a meaningful and dignified life.
• Community resources are used to strengthen schools, facilities, and student learning. As part of the larger community, schools and other programs fulfill important community goals. 
• When schools and communities work together, both are strengthened in synergistic ways and make gains that outpace what either entity could accomplish on its own.

Hence, it is clear that it is important that a community should participate in school-related activities as education is a social process.

Ultrasound waves vibrate at frequency higher than 20,000Hz. Vibration at such a high speed can be used to breaking and cutting objects like stone in kidney.

When the velocity decreases with respect to time it is termed as retardation or deceleration. In reality negative acceleration is commonly called retardation. Its SI unit. is m/s².

The Sun is visible to us about 2 minutes before the actual sunrise, and about 2 minutes after the actual sunset because of atmospheric refraction. By actual sunrise, we mean the actual crossing of the horizon by the Sun. Fig. shows the actual and apparent positions of the Sun with respect to the horizon. The time difference between actual sunset and the apparent sunset is about 2 minutes. The apparent flattening of the Sun’s disc at sunrise and sunset is also due to the same phenomenon.

Oscillation  = time / time period 
⇒ 84 second / 1.4 second 
⇒ 60

The electrical resistance of an electrical conductor is a measure of the difficulty to pass an electric current through that conductor. 

Resistance in a conductor can be defined as the opposition offered to the flow of electrons. For a conductor of uniform cross-sectional area resistance is directly proportional to the length of the conductor and inversely proportional to the cross-sectional area of the conductor.

As Myopia is a defect of vision in which a person cannot see the distant object clearly. This can be corrected by using the concave lens of appropriate focal length

The fourth shell of an atom can hold a maximum of 32 electrons, depending on the element. There are four subshells - 4s, 4p, 4d, and 4f - that can hold a maximum of 2, 6, 10, and 14 electrons, respectively, for a total of 32.

The most abundant Element on the earth's crust is oxygen followed by silicon.. But both of them are Non-metals. But, silicon is followed by Aluminium which is a METAL (about 8.23%) further followed by iron. So the most abundant metal found on the Earth is Aluminium.

The correct option is C.
 The characteristic chemical property of a metal atom is to lose one or more of its electrons to form a positive ion. However, certain metals lose electrons much more readily than others. In particular, cesium (Cs) can give up its valence electron more easily than can lithium (Li).

• When a pair of guard cells surrounding a stoma receives the signal to open the stomatal pore, it is filled with water, thus changing the cell's shape and opening the pore.
• When guard cells receive a signal to close the stoma, this initiates a loss of water and causes them to shrink and the pore closes.

Thus, option C is correct.