KVS TGT Science Mock Test - 4 - KVS PGT/TGT/PRT MCQ

Tongue in cheek: a humorous or sarcastic statement expressed in a serious manner; in an ironic, flippant, or insincere way.
Above someone’s station: higher than suitable for position or rank.
Agitate the gravel: to get angry.
Be thin on the ground: exist in small numbers or amounts.
Hence, the correct answer is option A. 

Answer: C. should Explanation: - The correct modal verb for this sentence is "should" because it indicates a probability or expectation that something will happen, as long as certain conditions are met (in this case, no unexpected problems). - "May" and "might" suggest a greater level of uncertainty, while "must" implies an obligation or necessity, which is not the intended meaning in this context. - Therefore, the complete sentence would be: "It should be ready by Friday, as long as we don't have any unexpected problems."

The words ‘extempore’ and ‘imposter’ are contextually incorrect and thereby can be eliminated.
The words ‘indicate’ and ‘epitomize’ both can be used here to depict that weather fluctuations and natural calamities both show that we should take climate change seriously.
Indicate: to show.
Extempore: done or said without preparation.
Epitomize: to be the perfect example of.
Imposter: a person who pretends to be someone else especially for achieving something by fraud.
Hence, option C is the correct answer.

विकल्प 1, ‘निशापति - दिवाकर’ यह युग्म सही नहीं है।

Key Points

• "निशापति - दिवाकर" यह युग्म समानार्थी शब्दों को नहीं दर्शाता।
• निशापति का अर्थ -
  • चंद्रमा; राकेश।
• दिवाकर का अर्थ -
  • दिनकर, सूर्य।
• अन्य सभी विकल्प सही सुमेलित हैं। वे सभी चन्द्रमा के समानार्थी शब्द हैं।

Additional Information

• समानार्थी का अर्थ होता हैं (समान+अर्थ) अर्थात किसी शब्द का समान अर्थ वाले दूसरे शब्द या उसी के सामान कोई दूसरा नाम (वस्तु)। सामान्यत: हिन्दी में एक ही वस्तु के अनेक समान अर्थ वाले शब्द है।
• जब किसी बात (विचार), वस्तु या भाव का केवल अर्थ बताना हो और उसके अर्थ को बताने के लिए जिस शब्द का प्रयोग करें, वह शब्द समानार्थी शब्द कहलाएगा। जबकि किसी एक ही बात (विचार), वस्तु, भाव को किन-किन नामों से या किन किन शब्दों से जाना जाता है यह पूछा जाए तो बताने के लिए प्रयुक्त शब्दों के समूह में सभी पर्यायवाची होंगे।
  • जैसे:-, 'अश्व' का समानार्थी 'घोड़ा' होगा। इसके विपरीत यदि यहाँ यह कहा जाये कि अश्व को और किन-किन शब्दों से संबोधित किया जाता है तब उत्तर में घोटक, बाजी, हय, तुरंग, दधिका, सैंधव, घोड़ा, रविपुत्र, सर्ता आदि बताए जायेंगे और ये सभी शब्द 'अश्व' के पर्यायवाची होंगे।

सही उत्तर विहित है।

Key Points

• निषिद्ध का विलोम विहित है।
• निषिद्ध का अर्थ- जिसका निषेध किया गया हो
• विहित का अर्थ- उचित, मुनासिब।

अन्य विकल्प-

• कठोर का अर्थ होता है - कड़ा, सख़्त।
  • कठोर का विलोम कोमल
• विहित का अर्थ होता है - उचित।
  • विहित का विलोम- 'निषिद्ध
• आदृत का अर्थ होता है - सम्मानित।
  • आदृत का विलोम- निरादृत
• सिद्ध का विलोम असिद्ध

सभी शब्दों के अर्थों से हमें ज्ञात होता है कि निषिद्ध का विलोम शब्द विहित होता है।

Old Trafford, located in Manchester, England, is famously known as "The Theatre of Dreams." It is the home ground of Manchester United, one of the most successful football clubs in the English Premier League.

Explanation:
In real-time operating systems (RTOS), the response time is very critical. Here is a detailed explanation:
Real-time Operating System (RTOS):
- An operating system designed for systems that require precise and predictable response times.
- It is used in applications such as industrial control systems, aerospace systems, medical devices, etc.
Response Time:
- The time it takes for a system to respond to a request or event.
- In real-time operating systems, the response time needs to be very fast and predictable.
Importance of Response Time:
- In certain applications, such as control systems or critical medical devices, even a small delay in response time can have serious consequences.
- Real-time operating systems are designed to ensure that the response time is as fast and predictable as possible.
Comparison with other Operating Systems:
- Multitasking Operating System: In multitasking operating systems, response time is important, but not as critical as in real-time operating systems. These operating systems prioritize multiple tasks and allocate resources accordingly.
- Batch Operating System: In batch operating systems, response time is not critical as the system processes a batch of tasks without any user interaction.
- Online Operating System: In online operating systems, response time is important, but not as critical as in real-time operating systems. These operating systems prioritize online user interactions but may not guarantee precise response times.
Conclusion:
- In real-time operating systems, the response time is very critical due to the nature of applications that require precise and predictable response times.
- Real-time operating systems are designed to prioritize and optimize response times to ensure fast and predictable system behavior.

When using the fill effects in the format data series dialog box, there are certain limitations and restrictions. One of the limitations is that you cannot rotate text on the chart. Let's break down the options and explain them in detail:
A: Rotate text on the chart
- This option is not available when using fill effects in the format data series dialog box. You cannot rotate the text within the chart using this feature.
B: Select a foreground color
- This option is available in the fill effects dialog box. You can select a foreground color for the data series, which affects the color of the data points or bars in the chart.
C: Select a pattern
- This option is also available in the fill effects dialog box. You can choose from various patterns to fill the data series, such as dots, diagonal lines, or crosshatch patterns.
D: Select a background color
- This option is available in the fill effects dialog box. You can select a background color for the data series, which affects the color of the area behind the data points or bars in the chart.
In summary, when using fill effects in the format data series dialog box, you cannot rotate text on the chart. However, you can still select a foreground color, choose a pattern, and select a background color for the data series.

Development is a lifelong process that occurs in various domains, such as physical development, social development, emotional development, cognitive development, etc. 

Key Points

• Anxiety, stress and fatigue influence emotional development. 
• Fatigue has a direct relationship with emotions. When tired, people generally feel frustrated when talked to. 
• Anxiety is the major outcome of imbalances in emotional well-being. 
• Stress about a particular thing majorly impacts the emotional area of development. 
• Although stress can harm the physical health of an individual. 
• It can result in improper emotional development. 

Thus, it can be concluded option C is the correct answer.  

Lev Vygotsky is a Russian Psychologist who proposed the theory of Socio-cultural development. In this theory, Vygotsky emphasizes the role of society and culture in the development of the child.

Key Points  Vygotsky also proposed three basic needs of students during learning, these are:

• ZPD (zone of proximal development):  The difference between the learning of a child by self and the learning of a child with the help of others(society, culture, etc).
• Scaffolding: Scaffolding is the term, given by Vygotsky, in which he proposed that the temporary help given by the teachers, family, friends, etc. to the children in his learning. 
  • ​When students enter the lab for the first time, the teacher assists them in identifying the equipment. Lev Vygotsky claimed that the teacher's role symbolizes scaffolding.
• MKO (more knowledgeable others)- Vygotsky defined the “More Knowledgeable Other” (MKO) as anyone who has a better understanding or a higher ability level than the learner, particularly in regard to a specific task, concept, or process. MKO could be teachers, parents, tutors, and even peers.

​As a result, the teacher helps the students identify the equipment when they enter the lab for the first time. According to Lev Vygotsky, the role of the teacher represents a Scaffolding person. 

Important Points  According to Vygotsky, there are three main factors that affect the learning of the child and these are- Social interaction, Culture, and Language:

• Social interaction: ​​Children try to interact with people.
  • Example: Peer groups, family members, etc.
• Culture: ​Children adopt the culture through interaction. 
• Language: Children can easily intimate their primary language through interaction or communication.

Assessment is a process of collecting, receiving, and using data for the purpose of improvement in the learning process.

• Assessment is a systematic way of collecting information to make a judgment about student learning.
• It is integral to the teaching-learning process which helps in facilitating student learning and improving instruction.

Important Points

There are mainly two types of assessment:-

Hint

• To know children's progress, assessment for learning can be utilized and to know the achievement level, assessment of learning can be utilized.

Hence, it could be concluded that teacher can utilize both assessment for learning and assessment of learning to know children's progress and achievement level.

Teaching with a heuristic approach is a cost-effective and quick way. The pupil must be a self-discoverer while using the Heuristic technique. As a result, this technique does not include any instructor support or direction. The teacher gives an issue to the pupils and then steps away while they figure out the solution.

Important Points

• The teaching strategy in which students do not acquire the knowledge themselves by discovering the facts themselves supported by the teacher's guidance is the Lecture method. In this method, the teacher presents information to the students in a structured and organized manner through lectures, presentations, and other forms of verbal communication.
• The students are passive recipients of the information and do not actively engage in discovering the facts themselves.
• The other methods listed - The discussion method, Heuristic method, and Demonstration method - all involve active student engagement in the learning process, with guidance from the teacher.

​Thus we can conclude lecture method teaching strategies does not allow student to acquire knowledge himself/herself by discovering the facts himself/herself supported by the guidance of the teacher

Additional Information

• Discussion techniques are several platforms for an open-ended, collaborative exchange of ideas between a teacher and students or among students with the goal of improving students' thinking, learning, problem-solving, comprehension, or literary appreciation..
• A heuristic technique is a strategy for locating a solution to a problem derived from the ancient Greek term 'eurisko,' which means 'to find, search, or discover.' It's all about employing a realistic approach that doesn't have to be flawless.

The correct answer is 1 and 2 only.

Key Points

• Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education Act, 2009 (RTE Act):
  • The act provides to every child of the age of six to fourteen years the right to free and compulsory education in a neighborhood school till the completion of elementary education.
  • It provides an institutional mechanism for the protection of the rights of the child through the National/ State Commissions for Protection of Child Rights.

Important Points

• Children are entitled to the following under RTE:
  • Special Training for age-appropriate education: The RTE Act specifically provides an opportunity for admission to all such out-of-school children in the age-appropriate classes and continues support to them till the completion of the elementary stage for the achievement of Universalization of Elementary Education (UEE).
  • Mid-day Meal: Everyone has a fundamental right to be free from hunger, thus it is the responsibility of the state to provide free mid-day meals to the students of the elementary stage.
  • Play material
  • Transportation
  • Sports equipment
  • Library with books, newspapers, magazines
  • Free Textbooks & uniforms.
• No direct or indirect costs on uniforms, textbooks, midday meal transportation, etc need to be borne by the child or parents to obtain elementary education.

Confusion Points

Pre School learning:

• Pre-school learning is not conferred under the RTE Act, 2009 as RTE is concerned with the free and compulsory education of children of the age of six to fourteen years.
• RTE is not so rigid about pre-schooling, instead, it leaves the decision on the concerned government.
• The appropriate government may make necessary arrangements if the situation demands so.

Additional Information

• Early childhood education (ECE) programs include any type of educational program that serves children in the preschool years and is designed to improve later school performance.
• Early childhood care and education (ECCE) is more than preparation for primary school. It aims at the holistic development of a child's social, emotional, cognitive, and physical needs to build a solid and broad foundation for lifelong learning and wellbeing.
• Early Childhood Care and Education (ECCE) in the Indian context is generally defined as the care and education of children from birth to eight years. Early childhood education (ECE) programs for 3-6-year-olds (as seen in anganwadis, balwadis, nurseries, preschools, kindergartens, preparatory schools, etc.).

Hence, we conclude that free textbooks and uniforms, and mid-day meals are conferred under the Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education Act, 2009.

Learning disability includes those skill deficits which are confined to scholastic performance in subjects like reading, writing, and arithmetic even though having average or above-average intelligence.

• Learning Disabilities are due to genetic and/or neurobiological factors that alter brain functioning in a manner that affects one or more cognitive processes related to learning.
• A learning disability is not a problem with intelligence or motivation.

Signs of Learning Disability:-

• Difficulty in recognizing words or letters
• Poor vocabulary skills
• Difficulty in writing letters 
• Anxiety around reading
• Difficulty with understanding or remembering what was read
• Difficulty in calculations

Some other common learning disabilities in children:-

• Autism is a developmental disorder of variable severity that is characterized by difficulty in social interaction and communication and by restricted or repetitive patterns of thought and behavior.
• Creative student refers to abilities to solve problems or tasks in a creative way by means of generating many original ideas.
• Mental impairment is a mental or psychological disorder.

Hence, from the above-mentioned points, it becomes clear that all the given indications are related to a student with a learning disability.

The term “rehabilitation” refers to a process aimed at enabling persons with disabilities to reach and maintain their optimal physical, sensory, intellectual, psychiatric, and social functional levels, thus providing them with the tools to change their lives towards a higher level of independence.

Key Points

• Rehabilitation is defined as “a set of interventions designed to optimize functioning and reduce disability in individuals with health conditions in interaction with their environment".
• Rehabilitation helps a child, adult, or older person to be as independent as possible in everyday activities and enables participation in education, work, recreation, and meaningful life roles such as taking care of family.
• It is done by addressing underlying conditions (such as pain) and improving the way individual functions in everyday life, supporting them to overcome difficulties with thinking, seeing, hearing, communicating, eating or moving around.
• Rehabilitation helps to minimize or slow down the disabling effects of chronic health conditions, by equipping people with self-management strategies and the assistive products they require, or by addressing pain or other complications.
• Rehabilitation is not only for people with long-term or physical impairments. Rather, rehabilitation is a core health service for anyone with an acute or chronic health condition, impairment, or injury that limits functioning, and as such should be available for anyone who needs it.

Thus, it is concluded that process aimed at enabling persons with disabilities to reach and maintain their optimal physical, sensory, intellectual, and social functional levels is rehabilitation.

Additional Information

• Preservation is the act or process of keeping something safe from damage or deterioration.
• Conservation is the careful use of natural resources (such as trees, oil, etc.) to prevent them from being lost or wasted.
• Integration is the act of bringing together smaller components into a single system that functions as one.

Community participation:

“An emphasis on participation has links with the interest in democracy in community organization and in self-help and political incorporation in the community developmental aspects.” 

The World Bank (2000b) describes participation as “a. process through which the stakeholders influence and share control over development initiatives and the decisions and resources which affect them”

In the educational history of education community participation in education is not new. It is important to discuss what community is in terms of educational points of view. 

• Communities can be defined by characteristics that members share, such as culture, language, tradition, law, geography, class, and race.
• Community participation in education is viewed as an effective means of promoting education both in qualitative and qualitative terms.
• Community is a group structure, whether formally or informally organized, in which members play roles that are integrated around goals associated with the problems from collective occupation and utilization of habitudinal space, second, members of the community have some degree of collective identification with the occupied space.
• Communities based on shared family or educational concerns, which include parents association and similar bodies that are based on families shared concern for the welfare of students.

Benefits of community participation in schooling:

1. Where communities participate, there are improved school facilities, increased accountability among school personnel, and improved capacity of participants.
2. Community participation in education helps to identify issues and problems in school education. 
3. According to a recent policy brief from the National Education Association (NEA), “when schools, parents, families, and communities work together to support learning, students tend to earn higher grades, attend school more regularly, stay in school longer, and enroll in higher-level programs”.

Conclusion: 

Community participation in education in India can be termed mostly as legislated participation, as people's participation is being promoted through constitutional provisions and program guidelines. The main objective of participatory development is to increase the involvement of socially and economically marginalized people in making decisions regarding their own lives. The assumption is that the participatory approach empowers people with the skills and confiden.

The primary focus of self-assessment should not be on the written work. Nonetheless, schools should complete a concise school self-assessment report and school improvement plan annually. This should be a single document of no more than three pages.

Key Points

• The self-assessment report should be user-friendly in layout and length: typically no more than three pages. The language used should be clear, specific and accessible.
• The report and should outline:
  • The progress made in previously-identified areas for improvement and, where relevant, how actions for improvement will continue in the current year.
  • Where relevant, the new curriculum area or aspect of teaching and learning chosen for self-assessment.
  • The areas that the school has identified for improvement.

Hence, it is clear that 'outlining the improvement that the school wants to achieve' is incorrect statement.

Additional Information

• The school improvement plan should outline the improvement that the school wants to achieve and the actions that will be taken to bring about the improvements.

National Curriculum Framework, 2005, published by NCERT, is quite significant for bringing contemporary changes in school and teacher education curriculum. Keeping in view the changing perspectives and contexts of school education across the globe, necessary curricular changes have been recommended in NCF, 2005.

Key Points

The major features of NCF, 2005 has been articulated in five different areas of School Curriculum, are ‘Perspectives of Education’; ‘Learning and Knowledge’; ‘Curricular Areas, School Stages and Assessment’; ‘School and Classroom Environment’; and ‘Systemic Reforms’.

• Learning and Knowledge-
  • To focus on the holistic development of the students to enhance their physical and mental development.
  • To create an inclusive environment in the schools and classrooms for all students.
  • To provide ample opportunity in the school for children to voice their thoughts, curiosity, and questions in curricular practices.
  • Bringing children to connect their knowledge across disciplinary boundaries and to help them construct their knowledge.
  • Engaging learners in observation, exploration, discovery, analyzing, critical reflection, inquiry etc. with the content knowledge.
  • Connecting children’s experiences and local knowledge with the content presented in the textbooks and practice of pedagogy.
  • Encouraging students to interact with peers, teachers and other people would open up many more rich learning opportunities. 

Thus from the above-mentioned points, it is clear that according to NCF, the curriculum should focus on the holistic development of the learners to enhance their mental and physical abilities.

When a non-metallic oxide reacts with a base, the general outcome is the formation of salt and water. This reaction is crucial in understanding the properties of non-metallic oxides and their behavior when they come into contact with bases. It illustrates the acidic nature of non-metallic oxides and their reactions.

C₃H₈ is alkane and all other are alkene or alkyne. To decolourise the bromine water is the property of unsaturated compound not of saturated compound.

Given, Z = 14  , A = 28 ;
 We know that Z = p=14
And, A = p + n ⇒ 28 = 14+n 
  n = 28 -14 
  n =  14 
Hence, no. Of neutrons are 14.

The Thyroid Gland, located in the neck region, is responsible for secreting hormones like Triiodothyronine and Thyroxine. Thyroxine plays a key role in regulating the body's metabolism of glucose, proteins, and fats. Any imbalance in thyroid hormone levels can lead to metabolic issues affecting various bodily functions.

The pigeon pea is a perennial legume from the family Fabaceae. Since its domestication in the Indian subcontinent at least 3,500 years ago, its seeds have become a common food in Asia, Africa, and Latin America.

Electron and proton were embedded in nucleus as said in watermelon experiment.

Since the reproduction is asexual, the newly created organism is a clone and is genetically identical to the parent organism. Organisms such as hydrause regenerative cells for reproduction in the process of budding. In hydra, a bud develops as an outgrowth due to repeated cell division at one specific site.

option ( b) change the direction of current through coil  is the correct answer. 

 

Explanation:- 

Split ring is used for reversing the directions of the current in the coil. Therefore, after every half rotation of the coil the direction of the couple rotating the coil remains the same and the coil continues its rotation in the same direction.

The conducting cells of xylem are:


The conducting cells of xylem are responsible for the transport of water and mineral nutrients from the roots to the rest of the plant. These cells are specialized for efficient water conduction and are divided into two main types: tracheids and vessels.
1. Tracheids:
- Tracheids are elongated, narrow cells with tapered ends.
- They have thick, lignified cell walls that provide strength and support.
- Water moves through tracheids via pits, which are thin areas in the cell wall where water can pass from one tracheid to another.
- Tracheids are found in all vascular plants, including ferns, conifers, and flowering plants.
2. Vessels:
- Vessels are wider and shorter cells compared to tracheids.
- They are composed of multiple cells called vessel members that are aligned end-to-end.
- Vessel members are joined together by perforation plates, which allow for efficient water flow.
- Vessels are found in angiosperms, which are flowering plants.
- They are more efficient in water conduction compared to tracheids due to their larger diameter.
Conclusion:
The conducting cells of xylem are tracheids and vessels. Tracheids are found in all vascular plants, while vessels are specific to angiosperms. These cells work together to transport water and minerals from the roots to the rest of the plant, ensuring its survival and growth.

Independent growth in plants is marked by an immediate response to stimuli and involves the use of electrical-chemical means for conveying information from cell to cell. When a plant undergoes this kind of movement, cells adjust their shape by altering the water content within them, leading to either swelling or shrinking. An example of this type of movement is the drooping of leaves in a "Touch-me-not" plant when it is touched.

The light rays pass through greater thickness of air because of which the light rays from the lower side of the sun are retracted more than those from the upper side. Because of unequal light bending, the sun looks oval and larger. 

Acids are typically characterized by a sour taste. This taste is one of the key identifying features of acids. For example, substances like vinegar (acetic acid) and lemon juice (citric acid) are known for their sour taste. Sourness is a fundamental property of acids that helps in their identification and classification.